As overweight and obesity numbers continue to climb around the world, consumers continue to search for reduced-fat alternatives to foods they often consume. Given that cheese is naturally high in fat, this is one food that is often targeted for fat reduction. However, as fat plays an important functional role in the texture of cheese by breaking up the continuous protein matrix, reduced-fat products tend to be very chewy and rubbery compared to their full-fat counterparts. My study aimed at producing a reduced-fat cheese with improved texture compared to other reduced-fat cheese products by incorporating a double emulsion into the cheese in place of cream. The double emulsion consisted of small water droplets dispersed within oil droplets, which in turn were dispersed within a secondary water phase. The oil droplets that would then be incorporated into the cheese could essentially be made up of 40% water droplets and only 60% fat, allowing for a cheese to be designed with the same number of fat droplets as full-fat cheese while having a 40% fat reduction. In my experiments, I made cheese with varying levels of fat using the double emulsion, along with reduced-fat and full-fat control cheeses that contained oil droplets composed entirely of fat. Though retention of double emulsion in the cheese due to its inherent instability was the key factor, I found that the double emulsion cheeses had similar to improved textural qualities compared to the control cheeses of higher fat.

The title of this work origins from the muse created to give the thought of equal value in discarded material a persona. This crazy-cat-lady-like muse that compulsively hoards and stacks every possible item in her house and values her low-status-material single-use-waste-collection equally to her high-status-material jewelry box. This understanding that every material has some sort of value that one can enhance and add to through re-contextualization, repeats or manipulation is key within this work. This collection will therefore present you with design-examples generated by an upcycling-design-tool, the method-cards, where materials such as waste garments or non textile-objects are re-contextualized together into new wearable hybrids. These resulting hybrids are proposing a suggestion on how sustainable material sourcing in our post-consumer-waste-streams can generate new expressions in dress. All individual examples combined together in a five-looks-collection. Every example is responsible for adding value by upcycling and re-designing discarded post-consumer material and items and therefore reducing the need for virgin produced goods in fashion design. The hybrids generated will also aim to lift a serious cause with a touch of humor and therefore make the subject of overconsumption more reachable.

This work positions itself in the intersection between art, fashion and crafts. The work aims to challenge traditional ways of making clothes by investigating the relationship between material, form and body through a three dimensional hand weaving technique with focus on up-cycling. The design examples were conducted through a series of experiments where different objects were investigated as alternative weaving looms. The study resulted in five design examples that argue the importance to maintain and develop craft techniques and to give suggestions of how to address the environmental problems within the industry.

Product personalization is rising and with it, new choice architectures are required. It offers a new medium for identity expression, especially in the make-up case. Regarding the interactions involved, the research and industry explored the efficient choice. The current research dug into how to bring the development of individual taste and creativity through choice architectures, in case study of personalised lipsticks. Moreover, the makeup wearer is now savvy and creative, which calls for an alternative path. The subject has been explored through the lens of design probes which led to the prototyping of two experimental user interfaces. As a catalyst for personal expression, 3 considerations have been tested: the wearer as ambassador, the wearer as a creator, and the effect of the surprise. The exploration within the interaction brings users out of the boundaries of their style. Additionally, the dissociation of the color picking and vivid trying out, coupled with the effect of surprise and letting the participants mirroring themselves with other wearers, contributed to this effect. / Produktanpassning ökar och med det krävs nya val-arkitekturer. Produktanpassning erbjuder ett nytt medium för identitetsuttryck, särskilt vid fall inom smink-industrin. När det gäller de interaktioner som ingår, undersökte forskningen och industrin det effektiva valet. Den nuvarande forskningen undersökte hur man kan få utvecklingen av individuell smak och kreativitet genom val-arkitekturer i fallstudien. Dessutom är smink-bäraren nu kunnig och kreativ, vilket kräver en alternativ väg. Ämnet har utforskats genom linsen av design-prober som ledde till två prototyper i form av experimentella användargränssnitt. Som katalysator för personligt uttryck har tre överväganden testats: smink-bäraren som ambassadör, smink-bäraren som skapare och effekten av överraskningen. Utforskningen inom interaktionen leder ut användare från de gränser de vanligtvis har i sin still. Dessutom bidrog dissociationen av färg-plockningen och livligt att prova till denna effekt, tillsammans med effekten av överraskning och att låta deltagarna spegla sig med andra smink-bärare.

Personer som får demensdiagnos är vanligtvis över 65 år och fler kvinnor än män drabbas. Antalet personer med en demenssjukdom kommer att fördubblas till år 2050. Demens är en progredierande sjukdom som inte kan botas. Maka/make eller partner blir oftast den som ansvarar för omvårdnaden och det är förknippat med unika utmaningar och stödbehov. Därför är det betydelsefullt att distriktssköterskor besitter kunskap om anhörigas upplevelser för att kunna ge dem adekvat stöd. Syftet var att belysa anhörigas upplevelse av vård i hemmet av make/maka eller partner som har en demensdiagnos. Metoden som användes var en systematisk litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ och induktiv ansats. Totalt ingick tolv vetenskapliga artiklar från Sverige, Norge och England, vilka identifierades från Cinahl och Medline. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades via en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet påvisade anhörigas upplevelse av vårdbörda som orsakades av ständigt vakande, isolering, ensamhet och utsatthet.  I takt med den närståendes försämring ökade påfrestningen på anhöriga, vilket krävde anpassning i vardagen och en förändring från partner till vårdare. Anhöriga hade behov av information, praktiskt och emotionellt stöd, vars tillgänglighet varierade och mottogs olika. I diskussionsavsnittet resoneras om fynden kring vårdbördans effekter, relationens betydelse till den närstående, familjen och vänner samt bemötande från vårdpersonal och behovet av kunskap.

Bakgrund: Alzheimers demens är idag den vanligaste sorten av demens med succesiv försämring av minne, orienteringsförmåga och kognitiv svikt. Effekterna av Alzheimers demens har negativ inverkan på anhöriga kring den drabbade. Syfte: Belysa anhörigas upplevelser av att leva med och vårda en partner som har Alzheimers sjukdom i dagligt liv. Metod: Litteratursökningen gjordes i databaserna MEDLINE och CINAHL och de vetenskapliga artiklarna som valdes ut var baserade på det valda syftet. Efter en genomgång av 111 artiklar valdes till slut 13 artiklar ut. En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats gjordes baserat på Fribergs (2017) femstegs modell. Resultat: Översikten genererade tre huvudteman och åtta subteman: Upplevelsen av förändrig (frustration och strategier); Osäkerhet kring framtiden (oförutsägbar framtid, försämrad ekonomi, skuld och skam); Förändrade relationer (från livskamrat till främling, isoleras och övergiven, att få hjälp från vården). Slutsats: Det är inte lätt att ta hand om en partner med Alzheimers sjukdom och känslan av frustration och otrillräcklighet är mycket vanlig. Relationer förändras och framtiden man innan kunde planera är nu fylld av oro och osäkerhet. Vi inom vården har en skyldighet att bemöta och stötta de anhöriga med empati, och därigenom visa förståelse för att de ska känna sig sedda. / Background: Among the various forms of dementia Alzheimer's disease is the most common with successive degeneration of memory, orientation and cognitive ability. The effect of Alzheimer disease har a negative influence on the spouse and family member of the patient. Aim: The purpose of the study was to highlight the experience of spouses living with a partner that har Alzheimer disease. Method: The literature search was performed in the databases MEDLINE and CINAHL. The scholarly articles that were selected were based on the purpose of the review. After reviewing 111 articles, 13 articles were selected. The review was a qualitative literatur review which was based on Friberg (2017) five stages model. Result: It generated three main caegories and eight subcategories: The changed experience (frustration and strategies); Uncertainty about the future (unpredictable future, deteriorated economy, guilt and shame); Changed relationship (from life partner to stranger, isolated and abandoned, helg from healthcare). Conclusion: It's not easy taking care of a partner with Alzheimer's. Experiences of frustration, changes in relationships, and feelings of uncertainty about the futur as a result of the disease. The helthcare partitional have a responsibility to meet and support the relatives and patients with empathy, understanding and compassion.

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This report presents an approach to reinforce the security of the L-band Digital Aeronautical Communications System (LDACS) by developing and testing an enhanced protocol model. We have created a protocol model of MAKE, Mutual authentication and Key Exchange, based on the paper "Enhancing Cybersecurity for LDACS: a Secure and Lightweight Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol" by Suleman Khan, Gurjot Singh Gaba, Andrei Gurtov, in which the research paper addresses the security challenges inherent in LDACS. Using the open-source tool Tamarin Prover, we analysed and simulated the protocol to evaluate its effectiveness against posing threats. In this paper, our methodology involves an understanding of the MAKE protocol's architecture, identifying vulnerabilities and modeling in Tamarin Prover, to strengthen the security of LDACS. We developed two models of the protocol. The test consisted of four different lemmas and revealed partial verification of the two models, but with different outcomes. Some aspects of the model were proven to be true. Therefore, further research needs to be done to successfully validate these lemmas to ensure the robustness and reliability of the analyzed security protocol, MAKE.

Software Supply Chain attacks are becoming more frequent. It is not enough to trust the source code of a project; the build process can insert malicious contents into build artefacts. This calls for the need of valid verification methods regarding the build process, and a good way of doing so is ensuring that the build process is deterministic. This means, that given two binaries built from the same source code and in the same environment, the resulting build artefacts should be bit-wise identical. There are existing tools that check this, but they are not integrated into build systems. This thesis resulted in an extension of GNU make which is called rmake, where diffoscope - a tool for detecting differences between a large number of file types - was integrated into the workflow of make. rmake was later used to answer the posed research questions for this thesis. We found that different build paths and offsets are a big problem as three out of three tested Free and Open Source Software projects all contained these variations. The results also showed that gcc’s optimisation levels did not affect reproducibility, but link-time optimisation embeds a lot of unreproducible information in build artefacts. Lastly, the results showed that build paths, build ID’s and randomness are the three most common groups of variations encountered in the wild and potential solutions for some variations were proposed.

Firms often stand before decisions on whether to make or buy components. Various well-established theories that have been applied and developed to understand make or buy decisions have also been critiqued for not generating a well-based decision basis. Research indicates that make or buy decisions are more complex than most theories suggest and that theories within make or buy don’t seem to account for situations when the production technology does not exist in-house. In instances of new technology, in this case metal AM, there is a need to understand and account for the case specific attributes to determine the best course of action. This study explores the decision situation of invest to perform internally versus outsourcing of metal additive manufacturing. The aim is to investigate and identify what factors affect the decision. The research design is a qualitative exploratory case study including 10 interviews and a cost analysis of two products, to answer how metal additive manufacturing affects these decisions. The cost analysis is included, as economic performance is a factor of importance, which makes it meaningful to understand in such situations. The most prominent factors in the result are found to be competency, control, economy, interaction, organization and strategy. The results of the study indicate overlapping similarities of the results through existing theories and suggest that these decisions are more complex than the individual application of single theories. However, the cost analysis shows that the currently held outsourcing alternative is more expensive and this might indicate a non-rational decision in regards to the financial perspective. The main contribution of this study is to the field of decision-making with the conclusion of that individual theories are not sufficient to explain the phenomenon of invest to perform internally versus outsourcing. To evaluate these decisions, the results indicate the necessity to have a multi-criteria approach and include several theoretical perspectives.