Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Heidelberg, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 387-406) and index.

Thesis--Lund. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-158) and index.

Thesis--Lund. / Includes index. Bibliography: p. 150-158.

Cette thèse traite de la modélisation de prix boursiers par les exponentielles de processus de Lévy. La première partie développe une méthode non-paramétrique stable de calibration de modèles exponentielle-Lévy, c'est-à-dire de reconstruction de ces modèles à partir des prix d'options cotées sur un marché financier. J'étudie les propriétés de convergence et de stabilité de cette méthode de calibration, décris sa réalisation numérique et donne des exemples de son utilisation. L'approche adoptée ici consiste à reformuler le problème de calibration comme celui de trouver un modèle exponentielle-Lévy risque-neutre qui reproduit les prix d'options cotées avec la plus grande précision possible et qui a l'entropie relative minimale par rapport à un processus "a priori" donné. Ce problème est alors résolu en utilisant la méthode de régularisation, provenant de la théorie de problèmes inverses mal posés. L'application de ma méthode de calibration aux données empiriques de prix d'options sur indice permet d'étudier certaines propriétés des mesures de Lévy implicites qui correspondent aux prix de marché. La deuxième partie est consacrée au développement d'une méthode permettant de caractériser les structures de dépendance entre les composantes d'un processus de Lévy multidimensionnel et de construire des modèles exponentielle-Lévy multidimensionnels. Cet objectif est atteint grâce à l'introduction de la notion de copule de Lévy, qui peut être considérée comme l'analogue pour les processus de Lévy de la notion de copule, utilisée en statistique pour modéliser la dépendance entre les variables aléatoires réelles. Les exemples de familles paramétriques de copules de Lévy sont donnés et une méthode de simulation de processus de Lévy multidimensionnels, dont la structure de dépendance est décrite par une copule de Lévy, est proposée.

Patients with classical vitiligo lose partially their protecting inherited pigment. The cause of the disease is still unknown. Despite massive epidermal oxidative / nitrative stress and signs for DNA-damage in the skin and in the plasma, these patients have no higher prevalence for sun induced non-melanoma skin cancer and increased photo-damage. Protection and DNA-repair have been attributed to a functioning up-regulated wild type p53 / p21 cascade in association with up-regulated p76 MDM2. As some patients with cutaneous melanoma develop depigmentations away from their primary tumour site post surgical excision, it became of our interest, whether this melanoma associated leucoderma (MAL) is the same as classical vitiligo. The purpose of this thesis was two-fold. In part I, we wanted to further substantiate the reasons behind the constantly up-regulated wild-type functioning p53 / p21 cascade in classical vitiligo utilising a panel of proteins with direct and / or indirect action on p53 regulation, including p21, p76MDM2, MDM4/MDM4phospho, SPARC, VEGF-A and TGF-β1. In part II, we wanted to characterize MAL and compare this peculiar leucoderma with classical vitiligo using the same protein panel and methodologies. To achieve our goals, we used in vivo FT-Raman spectroscopy, in vitro cell cultures, in vitro and in situ immuno-fluorescence labelling, Western blot, dot blot and computer modelling techniques. Our data showed distinct differences between classical vitiligo and MAL. Our results in MAL exhibited a concentration dependent protein expression gradient between the basal / suprabasl layers and the upper layers of the epidermal compartment using catalase, ONOO-, p53, p21, MDM4, p76MDM2, TGF-β1 and VEGF-A expression gradient. Moreover, we document for the first time the presence of a nitrated non-fuctional SPARC protein in classical vitiligo which is absent in MAL. Although we show in vivo considerable ROS / RNS- mediated stress in MAL and classical vitiligo documented by FT-Raman spectroscopy, Western blot and in situ immuno-fluorescence, our results prove that MAL and classical vitiligo are two distinct entities.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre les raisons du mal-être des salariés à la Cité des sciences et de l’industrie. Pour cela, deux approches originales sont proposées. Tout d’abord, l’histoire de l’organisation est considérée comme un élément-clef de la compréhension du phénomène. Elle permet notamment l’analyse approfondie du projet d’établissement, de ses évolutions, de ses incohérences, et leurs impacts sur les salariés. Nous analysons également la construction des grandes règles collectives ainsi que le modèle de gestion de la main d’œuvre. Nous montrons que le projet avance moins par vision stratégique que par effet d’opportunités et de réseaux. La gestion des équipes repose donc essentiellement sur les ressources individuelles, qui s’abîment au fur et à mesure des expériences vécues. En outre, c’est à partir de l’analyse des conflits interpersonnels et de leur émergence que nous avons réussi à démontrer qu’ils ne relèvent pas d’individus anomiques mais plutôt de la fuite des responsabilités des acteurs des espaces de régulation. Le phénomène de division des tâches et du champ des responsabilités favorise l’émergence de sujets tabous et de dysfonctionnements dans le temps long.L’enquête a été conduite entre 2012 et 2014, à partir d’une évaluation des risques psychosociaux. Des entretiens individuels et en groupe avec les directeurs et délégués, des représentants syndicaux, les professionnels des équipes en charge de la santé et de la sécurité au travail, ainsi que plusieurs salariés ont été menés. Un questionnaire en ligne a été passé à l’ensemble des équipes. Des documents de travail contemporains ainsi que des archives métiers et des présidences successives depuis 1979 ont également été traités / This thesis aims to understand the reasons of ill-being of employees at the “Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie”. To achieve this goal, two new approaches are proposed. First, the history of the organization is considered as a key element in understanding the phenomenon. It allows in-depth analysis of the entreprise's strategy, its evolution, its inconsistencies, and their impact on employees. We also analyze the construction of large collective rules and the labor-management model. We show that the entreprise's strategy relies rather on opportunities and networks effects than on a long-term vision. Team management is therefore based mainly on individual resources, which deteriorate gradually life experiences. In addition, it is from the analysis of interpersonal conflicts and their emergence that we managed to demonstrate that they do not come under anomic individuals but rather the evasion of responsibilities of the actors regulating spaces. The phenomenon of division of tasks and responsibilities of field favors the emergence of taboos and dysfunctions in the long run. The survey was conducted between 2012 and 2014, from an evaluation of psychosocial risks. Individual and group interviews with directors and delegates, union representatives, professionals of teams in charge of health and safety at work, and several employees were conducted. An online questionnaire was submitted to all the teams. Contemporary working documents and archives trades and presidents since 1979 were also treated.

[pt] Nosso trabalho buscou apresentar a concepção de juízo na obra de Hannah Arendt, cuja compreensão se apoia em uma livre interpretação do juízo reflexionante estético de Kant. As razões pelas quais Arendt teria se voltado para o tema refletem sua preocupação com o obscurecimento do mundo, cuja pluralidade esteve visivelmente ameaçada com o advento do totalitarismo. Para a pensadora, os acontecimentos sem precedentes decorrentes do totalitarismo fazem parte de um contexto em que a ausência de reflexão e uma consequente inabilidade para julgar o que se passava fizeram do século XX um dos mais sombrios períodos da história da humanidade. A faculdade do juízo reflexionante estético, capaz de refletir sobre o particular sem que exista um universal dado, foi pensada por Arendt em um contexto político, e suas características apontam para a necessidade de compreender sem corrimãos os assuntos mundanos que se apresentam na contemporaneidade. Poderíamos considerar uma teoria do juízo arendtiana apenas de um modo fragmentado, uma vez que esse foi um projeto de uma pesquisa teórica que não foi realizado integralmente por ela, e do qual temos um quebra-cabeça a ser montado. Suas peças podem ser resgatadas desde os seus primeiros ensaios, quando a ação política era o seu leit motif intelectual. Posteriormente, a partir do julgamento de Eichmann, quando ao cunhar a expressão banalidade do mal ela própria se tornou exemplar em seu juízo reflexionante. Julgar prospectivamente com uma mentalidade alargada ou retrospectivamente com desinteresse são, pois, lados possíveis da mesma moeda: o juízo de gosto, cujo resgate Arendt se esforçou em trazer à luz. Tal juízo possui as características da comunicabilidade e intersubjetividade que possibilitam a existência do mundo, entendido como o espaço entre homens e espaço de visibilidade do pensamento reflexivo. Por essa razão, a atividade de julgar assim compreendida é a única faculdade espiritual do homem capaz de estabelecer o horizonte da pluralidade. / [en] Our work intended to present the notion of judgment in the writings of Hannah Arendt, whose comprehension supports itself on a free interpretation of Kantian aesthetic reflective judgment. The reasons why Arendt would have turned herself to the theme reflect her concern about the darkening of the world, whose plurality had been visibly threatened by the advent of totalitarianism. For philosopher, the unprecedented events that came from totalitarianism are part of a context in which the lack of deliberation and a subsequent inability to judge what was happening made the 20th century one of the darkest periods of human history. Arendt studied the faculty of aesthetic reflective judgment, capable of deliberating about the particular without a given universal, in a political context, and its characteristics point to the necessity of comprehending without handrails the mundane topics that present themselves on contemporaneity. We are able to consider only a fragmented Arendtian theory of judgment, since this was a research project not done solely by herself, and of which we have a whole puzzle to assemble. The pieces of this puzzle can be found beginning on her first essays, when the political action was her intellectual leit motif. Later, from Eichmann s judgment on, when she became an example on her own reflective judgment after coining the expression banality of evil. Judging prospectively with an enlarged mentality or retrospectively with disinterest are, then, two possible sides of the same coin: the judgment of taste, something Arendt tried to rescue and bring to light. This judgment holds the same characteristics of communicability and intersubjectivity that make possible the existence of the world, understood as the space between men and space of visibility of reflective judgment. For this reason, the activity of judging, comprehended this way, is the only spiritual faculty of men capable of establishing the horizon of plurality.

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le champ de la psychologie sociale du travail et des organisations. Elle s’interroge sur la santé au travail sous l’angle du bien-être versus mal-être perçu des intervenants en milieux de protection de l’enfant en difficulté au Vietnam. Nous appuyant sur l’approche systémique et active, nous considérons que chaque individu au travail est un sujet « actif », « pluriel » et « prospectif » dans son processus de professionnalisation et personnalisation. Dans une démarche exploratoire, nous cherchons à montrer que la santé au travail des intervenants en milieux de protection de l’enfant vietnamien n’est pas seulement déterminée par leurs caractéristiques socio-biographiques et leurs contextes organisationnels, mais qu’elle est aussi modulée par leurs processus de signification de travail. L’analyse des données permet de décrire la population de recherche, d’abord, en termes de caractéristiques socio-biographiques, situationnelles et organisationnelle, et aboutit à une typologie des intervenants en 3 classes. Les caractéristiques de chacune de ces 3 classes sont en relation significative surtout avec la perception de consommation des produits addictifs (thé, café, alcool, bière, tabac, médicaments,..). Les résultats montrent que le sens que les sujets accordent à leur travail ainsi que leur valorisation des domaines de vie modulent la relation entre les caractéristiques des sujets avec leurs sentiments de bien-être vs mal-être : soit médiateur, soit modérateurs dans plusieurs cas significatif. En plus d’une contribution à décrire le bien-être vs mal-être des intervenants, ces résultats permettent non seulement d’étayer de précédents acquis théoriques mais aussi de formuler des recommandations pratiques. Sur le plan théorique, ils enrichir la notion de «sujet pluriel». Au niveau pratique, ils proposent des stratégies d’amélioration des conditions de travail qui visent à faciliter l’insertion professionnelle des intervenants. / This study aims the field of social psychology of work and organizations. It gets focused on health in terms of wellbeing versus malaise at woks for interveners in the area of protection of children in difficulty in Vietnam. Based on the systematic and active approach, we consider that every individual at work is an "active", "plural" and "prospective" subject in his professionalization and personalization.In this exploratory approach, we seek to show that the health of interveners in Vietnamese childhood protection is not only determined by their socio-biographical characteristics and organizational contexts, but is also modulated by their process meaning of work. Analysis of the results for describing the research’s population, at first, in terms of socio-biographical characteristics, situational and organizational in the way of isolation; and then provide a typology of interveners identified in three classes. Characteristics of each of these 3 classes have a significant relationship with the consumption of addictive products (like tee, coffee, alcohol, beer, tabac, medications,...). The results show that the meaning that subjects give to their work and their valuation living areas modulate the relationship between the characteristics of subjects with their feelings of wellbeing vs malaise, either mediator or moderators in several significant cases. On top of a contribution describing wellbeing vs malaise of interveners, these results offer recommendations, not only theoretically but as well practical. Theoretically, they enrich the notion of “plural subject”. Practically, they lead to proposals for working condition’s improvement strategies aiming to case the integration of interveners.

A presente pesquisa é um estudo das relações entre o processo de trabalho docente, e as reais condições sob as quais ele se desenvolve. O cotidiano tem mostrado que os docentes estão passando por um processo de adoecimento físico e mental no exercício da docência. Essa realidade se constitui em um desafio e uma necessidade de análise para se entender o processo saúde-doença e condições de trabalho docente. As mudanças verificadas no contexto social e econômico mundial, em particular nas últimas décadas, têm tido impacto direto na escola e produzido efeitos perversos na vida dos docentes, que se vêem pressionados pela sociedade, no sentido de cumprirem um papel que, não se encontra em sintonia com a realidade. Proceder a uma análise minuciosa da presente crise, reveladora de sua verdadeira amplitude; questionar o impasse atual e repensar caminhos mais saudáveis para a docência, são algumas das propostas desta pesquisa. Nesse sentido, para dar conta desses objetivos, apoio-me em autores como António Nóvoa, Miguel Arroyo e Christophe Dejours, para dar suporte à análise das questões abordadas na pesquisa. Pensar em qualidade de ensino remete-nos a uma análise mais complexa do campo educativo e isso implica pensar o sistema massificado, as relações de trabalho e o bem-estar docente. / The study of the relationship between the process of teaching job, the actual conditions under which it develops and the possible mental and physical illness of teachers constitute the challenge and a necessity to understand the health-disease process and teacher working conditions. Changes in the world economic and social context, particularly in recent decades, have had a direct impact on school and produced perverse effects on the lives of teachers, who see themselves pressured by society, towards fulfil the role that is not in line with reality. Requires them to provide quality teaching within a massive system based on competitiveness, often with human and material resources with low wages and precarious employment, an increase of functions, which are exacerbated contributes to a growing malaise among teachers, bolstered by the negative perspective that society will building many of these professionals, based, frequently, and in parameters, at least debatable. Lead the teacher a thorough self-criticism that redefine your role; carry out a thorough analysis of the present crisis, revealing its true magnitude; present viable solutions to overcoming the current impasse, are some of the objectives of this survey.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A espiritualidade é um tema cujas pesquisas têm sido ampliadas nos últimos anos. Buscar uma redação conceitual é um primeiro desafio para aqueles que se propõem a empreender uma análise investigativa a respeito. Poucas pesquisam buscam, como esta, compreender as possíveis aproximações da espiritualidade ao campo educacional. O presente trabalho reúne, numa pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, através da opção metodológica qualitativa, uma investigação acerca das possibilidades de relacionar a espiritualidade no enfrentamento ao mal-estar docente. A pesquisa concentra-se no município de Sapucaia do Sul, onde doze professores são entrevistados, sendo as entrevistas transcritas, agrupadas e analisadas em quatro diferentes categorias. Consideramos que para as escolas terem sucesso no seu propósito de serem um espaço de ensino e aprendizagem, dentre outras, é fundamental a presença de professores qualificados e motivados para tal. Entretanto, em virtude de diversos fatores, muitos profissionais da educação, especialmente no Brasil, são acometidos pelo que os especialistas denominam de mal-estar docente. Sentem-se sufocados pela elevada carga horária, pouca valorização e exigências do trabalho. O cultivo de hábitos de espiritualidade pode agregar alento à vida pessoal e profissional dos professores para enfrentar os percalços do dia a dia, potencializando suas atitudes positivas, acarretando em qualidade de vida e desempenho profissional. / Spirituality is a theme that has been increasingly researched in the last years. The quest for a conceptual redaction is a first challenge for those who propose to undertake an investigative analysis of the issue. Few research projects have sought, like this one, to understand the possible approximations of spirituality with the educational field. The present work gathers together in a bibliographical and field research through a qualitative methodological option an investigation about the possibilities of relating spirituality to confronting the professor malaise. The research is concentrated in the municipality of Sapucaia do Sul, where twelve professors are interviewed, being that the interviews are transcribed, grouped and analyzed in four different categories. We consider that, for schools to be successful in their purpose of being a teaching and learning space, it is fundamental, that, among other items, there be qualified and motivated professors for such. However, many professionals in education, especially in Brazil, are afflicted by what specialists call the professor malaise. They feel they are being suffocated by the elevated class load, low valorization and work demands. The cultivation of spirituality habits can propitiate relief for the personal and professional lives of the professors thus helping to confront the daily troubles, potencializing their positive attitudes, leading to enhanced quality of life and professional performance.