Quelle qualification morale peut-on attribuer aux criminels nazis ? Sont-ils des fous ? Peut-on leur imputer sans réserve la responsabilité de leurs actes ? Si on ne peut rendre le mal totalitaire imputable comme le mal gnostique, l’assimilation du totalitarisme à une récidive gnostique par Eric Voegelin invite à réfléchir à nouveaux frais à la problématique de la responsabilité des criminels de masse. D’une part, le "situationnisme", qui implique que c’est la situation qui transforme des individus en meurtriers de masse et le "dispositionnisme" qui désigne l’importance que peuvent revêtir les dispositions individuelles chez les criminels de masse, et d’autre part l’illusion et l’idéologie caractérisées, l’une et l’autre par la mise à l’écart de la réalité, rendent complexe la question de l’imputation des criminels génocidaires. Si ces derniers ne peuvent être disculpés, la complexité de la question de leur imputation est indéniable. Cette complexité est peut-être une invite à reconsidérer la cause sous-jacente à ce type de mal : le dualisme gnostique du bien et du mal dont le propre est de vouloir en finir avec le mal. Or la rage d’en finir avec le mal conduit souvent à la barbarie. / What moral qualification can be attributed to Nazi criminals? Are they crazy? Can we blame them unreservedly for their actions? If we can not make totalitarian evil imputable like the gnostic evil, the assimilation of totalitarianism to a Gnostic recidivism by Eric Voegelin invites us to think freshly about the problem of the responsibility of mass criminals. On the one hand, "situationism", which implies that it is the situation that transforms individuals into mass murderers and "dispositionalism" that designates the importance that individual dispositions can have for mass criminals, and On the other hand, the illusion and the ideology characterized, both by the exclusion of reality, make the question of the imputation of genocidal criminals complex. If the latter can not be exculpated, the complexity of the question of their imputation is undeniable. This complexity is perhaps an invitation to reconsider the underlying cause of this type of evil: the gnostic dualism of good and evil, whose own is to want to put an end to evil. But the rage to end evil leads often to barbarism.

Diante de pesquisas realizadas com o 5Ultra-som pulsado de baixa intensidade na regeneração de pele de ratos submetidos a queimaduras provocadas por calor (ALVES, 1988) e em pacientes portadores de úlceras tróficas de perna (HILÁRIO, 1993) se propôs estudar os efeitos do ultra-Som pulsado de baixa intensidade em pacientes com Mal de Hansen (MH) cujas manifestações cutâneas eram caracterizadas como o Mal Perfurante Plantar (MPP) e úlceras do tegumento, sendo que o emprego do ultra-som pulsado e de baixa intensidade mostrou-se eficaz na reparação das referidas lesões. O presente trabalho foi realizado em pacientes assistidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na cidade de Bebedouro-SP lotados no setor de Vigilância Epidemiológica. A casuística constitui-se de seis pacientes apresentando MPP nos quais aplicou-se o ultra-som pulsado (U.S.P.) em uma freqüência de três vezes por semana no mesmo período circadiano. Os tratamentos tiveram duração variando entre vinte e quarenta minutos consoante a extensão das lesões cutânea. Independente do tempo das lesões não foi estabelecido previamente o número de aplicações a serem executadas, mas as aplicações foram realizadas até a obtenção da cicatrização total das lesões. A evolução das lesões até a cicatrização foi feita mediante o emprego de um software especialmente desenvolvido para tal finalidade e documentados fotograficamente. Não houve correlação entre o número de aplicações com o tamanho da lesão ou com o tempo decorrido do aparecimento das mesmas, embora a extensão e a forma das diferentes ulcerações não sejam equivalentes, quer no tempo de evolução, quer na profundidade das lesões, os resultados dos tratamentos com U.S.P. e de baixa intensidade mostraram-se segundo a metodologia de avaliação ser altamente satisfatório para o tratamento de lesões cutâneas decorrente da Hanseníase / Based on researches carried out with the low intensity pulsed ultrasound on the regeneration of burned rat skin previously exposed to heat and on legs trophic ulcers we proposed to study the effects of the low intensity pulsed ultrasound on Hansen’s disease patients whose cutaneous manifestations were characterized as the MPP. The study was carried out on six patients supported by the Public Health Care System (SUS/PHCS) in the city of Bebedouro- SP, crowded on the Epidemiological Observation ward. The low intensity pulsed ultrasonic radiation administrations were carried out three times a week on the same circadian. Irradiation time varied from twenty to forty minutes according to the extension of the lesion. The number of the administrations, which were carried out until the complete lesion cicatrisation in all patients, was not previously stipulated. Evaluation of cicatrisation was carried out making use of software and photographs taken at the beginning of the treatment and after every ten administrations of the pulsed ultrasound until the complete ulcers cicatrisation. It was not observed any correlation between number of ultrasound applications and area of the lesion or age of them. Although extension and shape were not equivalent, according to these results, pulsed low intensity ultrasound can be considered as an adjunctive treatment for cutaneous manifestations of Hansen’s disease

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VANESSA MALACRIDA_10_09_2012.pdf: 1828346 bytes, checksum: be9731593f01dc4859645c62e242936e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-27 / This research entitled "Being a teacher in the twenty-first century context: teachers social representations" is linked in the search line 2 - Pedagogical Practical Training and Professional Teaching, the masters program in education UNOESTE of Presidente Prudente, SP. Aimed to identify the social representations of teachers about what is to be a teacher in the context of the twenty-first century and identify the main difficulties, challenges and concerns of these professionals. The research followed the qualitative approach and specific features of the case study suggested by Robert Yin. Due to the impact caused by the social changes and new information technologies to students performance today is very different from that for which the school was initially thought. The school structure inherited from modernity does not fit in our postmodern reality. The subjects of this study were 12 effective teachers Childhood Education and Elementary 1st to the 5th year in the municipal area of a small city of Presidente Prudente. The data collected for analysis were based and relied on content analysis proposed by Bardin. The survey results point to need for implementation of curricula for initial and continuing training including practical sessions and discussions related to current challenges, since the reality shock has awakened the feeling of unpreparedness in the face of new challenges. Training programs for teachers, teaching activities and the educational system must fit the context of the new social order. The attempts for a reform have failed increasing the sense of crisis among teachers and contributing to the "teacher malaise." It is an urgent need for investment in teacher professionalism and development and increased social support for teachers to combat this social ill, which is the teacher malaise and improve the quality of education. / Esta pesquisa intitulada Ser professor no contexto do século XXI: representações sociais de professores está vinculada a linha de pesquisa 2 - Formação e Prática Pedagógica do Profissional Docente, do programa de mestrado em educação da UNOESTE de Presidente Prudente-SP. Teve como objetivo identificar as representações sociais de professores sobre o que é ser professor no contexto do século XXI e identificar as principais dificuldades, desafios e inquietações desses profissionais. A investigação obedeceu à abordagem qualitativa e às características específicas do estudo de caso sugeridas por Robert Yin. Devido ao impacto causado pelas transformações sociais e pelas novas tecnologias da informação a clientela escolar atual é bem distinta daquela para qual a escola foi pensada inicialmente. A estrutura escolar herdada da modernidade, não se encaixa na nossa realidade pós-moderna. Os sujeitos dessa pesquisa foram 12 professores efetivos de Ensino Infantil e Fundamental do 1° ao 5°ano da rede municipal de uma pequena cidade da região de Presidente Prudente. Os dados coletados para análise se fundamentaram e se apoiaram na análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para necessidade de implementação dos currículos de formação inicial e continuada incluindo discussões e aulas práticas relacionadas aos desafios atuais, uma vez que, o choque com a realidade tem despertado o sentimento de despreparo frente aos novos desafios. Os programas de formação de professores, a ação docente e o sistema educacional precisam adequar-se ao contexto da nova ordem social. As tentativas de reforma têm fracassado aumentando o sentimento de crise entre os professores e contribuindo para o mal-estar docente . Faz-se urgente a necessidade de investimento na profissionalização e valorização docente e aumento do apoio social aos professores para se combater essa doença social, que é o mal-estar docente e melhorar a qualidade da educação.

Nous considérons dans cette thèse le problème de Cauchy pour des systèmes d'EDP quasilinéaires, du premier ordre. Dans le cas initialement elliptique, c'est-à-dire un spectre non-réel pour le symbole principal du système à t=0, nous prouvons un résultat d'instabilité au sens d'Hadamard. La preuve est basée sur la construction d'une famille de solutions présentant une croissance exponentielle en temps et fréquence. Cette famille invalide la régularité Hölder du flot, partant d'espaces de Gevrey vers L². Nous prouvons un résultat analogue pour différents cas de transition de l'hyperbolique vers l'elliptique, avec une restriction possible sur l'indice Gevrey pour lequel l'instabilité est observée. Dans un second temps, nous considérons le cas faiblement hyperbolique et semilinéaire. Grâce à des estimations d'énergie dans les espaces de Gevrey et à la construction d'un symétriseur adapté, nous prouvons le caractère localement bien-posé pour un tel système. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons et démontrons aussi un résultat d'action d'opérateurs pseudo-différentiels dont le symbole possède une régularité Gevrey dans la variable d'espace. / We consider the Cauchy problem for first-order, quasilinear systems of PDEs. In the initially elliptic case, that is when the principal symbol of the system has nonreal spectrum at time t=0, we prove an instability result in the sense of Hadamard. The proof is based on the construction of a family of exact solutions which exhib an exponential growth, both in time and frequency. That family leads to a defect of Hölder regularity of the flow, starting from evrey spaces to L² space. We prove analogous results for some cases of transition from hyperbolicity to ellipticity, with a potential restriction on the Gevrey index for which we may observe the instability. In a second time, we consider weakly hyperbolic systems. Thanks to an energy estimate in Gevrey spaces and the construction of a suitable symetriser, we prove local well-posedness for such a system. In doing so we use and prove a result on actions of pseudo-differential operators whose symbols have Gevrey regularity in the spatial variable

The point of my diploma thesis was design elements of reinforced concrete frame structures mounted single – storey mall.I choose the most exposed to the specified longitudinal frame structure, where I assumed the most highly stressed elements, which I subsequently designed. All documents and calculations are illustrated in part B2 of my diploma thesis.

Les actionneurs multi-axes sont de plus en plus prisés par les concepteurs de systèmes de nanopositionnement car ils permettent une réduction de l'espace occupé et de l'énergie consommée, une dextérité plus grande et une modularité avec peu de contraintes pour les applications. Certains de ces actionneurs et systèmes multi-axes sont cependant caractérisés par des oscillations mal-amorties qui compromettent de manière drastique leurs performances générales. Cette thèse concerne l'exploitation des techniques de commande en boucle-ouverte input-shaping classiquement utilisées pour amortir de manière sans capteurs les oscillations dans les systèmes mono-axes et les étendent pour qu'ils soient utilisables pour les systèmes multi-axes. Les résultats proposés dans la thèse qui sont des techniques input-shaping multivariables sont ensuite appliquées sur des actionneurs piézoélectriques classiquement dédiés pour les applications de nanopositionnement. / Multi-axes actuators are becoming more and more tempting to nanopositioning system designers as they enable them to save space, reduce energy consumption, increase dexterity and offer more modularity and freedom with fewer constraints to their applications. Some of these multi-axes actuators and systems exhibit however badly damped vibrations which strongly compromise their global performances. This thesis work exploits the advantages of the well-known feedforward input shaping techniques usually used to damp vibrations in monovariable (SISO) systems to present a new multivariable (MIMO) input shaping technique that can be used to damp vibrations in multi-axes systems. The approach that was used in this study is to extend a previous work that was done on multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems and generalize it for MIMO systems. The study demonstrates also the application of this newly developed technique on different piezoelectric actuators commonly used in nanopositioning systems.

Les traitements actuels anticancéreux ont une action cytotoxique directe sur les cellules tumorales mais également sur les cellules saines des systèmes immunitaires et hématopoïétiques. De plus, ces traitements ont l’incapacité de stimuler le système immunitaire et de prévenir les récidives. Cependant, certains agents tels que les anthracyclines, la radiothérapie ou encore la thérapie photodynamique ont la capacité d’induire une mort cellulaire dite immunogène. Durant cette modalité, l’exposition à la surface des cellules tumorales mourantes d’une protéine chaperonne du reticulum endoplasmique (RE), la calréticuline (CALR), est une étape essentielle et caractéristique de l’immunogénicité ainsi que la libération d’HMGB1, l’autophagie et la sécrétion d’ATP. Des données issues de la littérature prouvent que les anthracyclines sont également capables d’activer des marqueurs du stress du RE. Notre travail a consisté à étudier les liens moléculaires entre le stress du RE et les marqueurs de la mort cellulaire immunogène. Grâce à un criblage à haut débit, nous avons déterminé que les drogues dites immunogènes activaient la phosphorylation d’eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha) et qu’il existait une corrélation forte avec l’exposition de la CALR (R score 0,73 ; p<0,01). De manière surprenante, ces agents échouent à activer la voie de signalisation sous-jacente ainsi que les deux autres voies du stress du RE médiées par ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) et XBP1s (spliced X-box binding protein 1). Par ailleurs, une anthracycline appelée mitoxantrone inhibe activement les trois voies du stress du RE en co-traitement avec un inducteur du stress du RE et inhibiteur de la N-glycosylation: la tunicamycine. Ces données in vitro ont également été validées dans un modèle in vivo de souris immunodéficientes xénogreffées. De plus, grâce à un algorithme reliant les propriétés physico-chimiques des drogues anti-cancéreuses avec leurs capacités à induire les marqueurs de mort cellulaire immunogène suivants: P-eIF2α, CALR, HMGB1, granules de stress et autophagie, un score prédictif d’immunogénicité a pu être déterminé. Nous devrons déterminer dans le futur comment utiliser ce score comme marqueur prédictif d’une réponse immunogène au cours des traitements cliniques. / Conventional anticancer chemotherapies display a high degree of toxicity with certain specificity for tumor cells. However most of these approaches fail to activate immune system-related bystander effects and thus do often fail to prevent from recurrence. Despite these premises, certain anticancer treatments (including anthracycline-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy) have the ability to induce an immunogenic cell death (ICD) modality. The exposure of calreticulin (CALR) during the course of ICD is quintessential for the transfer of tumor antigen from dying tumors to dendritic cells of the immune system as well as translocation of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), autophagy and ATP secretion. Previous studies have shown that certain anticancer agents including anthracylins are able to activate markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms that link ER stress responses with hallmarks of ICD. In a drug screening approach, we showed that ICD-inducing drugs triggered the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (P-eIF2α) and that this correlated with CALR exposure (R score 0.73, p<0.01). Surprisingly though the agents failed to induce downstream ER stress pathways including the transcriptional activation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), the alternative splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) mRNA and the proteolytic cleavage of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). In addition, we found that mitoxantrone actively inhibited all three arms of the unfolded protein response, when co-administered with the inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation tunicamycin, whereas tunicamycin alone triggered all arms of ER-stress. These findings were validated in vivo in immunodeficient animals xenografted with biosensors for ER-stress responses. Moreover, using a machine learning approach that integrates physicochemical properties of oncologic drugs with their ability to elicit immunogenic hallmarks including the phosphorylation of eIF2α, the exposure of CALR, the translocation of HMGB1, the formation of stress granules and the induction of autophagy we established an in silico approach for ICD prediction. For the future, we further aim to investigate the possibility to use these score comprising P-eIF2α and its downstream consequences as biomarker for immunogenic responses during anticancer treatment in patients.

[pt] A presente pesquisa, um estudo de natureza qualitativa acerca da violência escolar, teve como objetivo principal conhecer, interpretar e compreender as relações entre pares permeadas por práticas agressivas que atualmente são conceituadas como bullying. O estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública de ensino médio da rede estadual do Rio de janeiro. Buscamos investigar a percepção dos professores e dos estudantes acerca do bullying enquanto um tipo específico de violência escolar. A principal hipótese da pesquisa é que os altos índices de casos de bullying estão diretamente relacionados à dificuldade dos estudantes em reconhecer e conviver com as diferenças culturais e identitárias que são construídas e reconstruídas no ambiente escolar. Nessa perspectiva, para compreender a motivação que está por trás das práticas de agressão investigamos o bullying como uma intolerância em relação à diferença. Percebemos que a intolerância à diferença é insuficiente para explicar a gravidade das agressões e buscamos, além disso, investigar o bullying como um comportamento maliciosamente banal, que se origina da incapacidade de pensar e refletir sobre o significado e as consequências das ações. Tal incapacidade é resultante, entre outros fatores, de um projeto moderno de sociedade que não valoriza uma proposta educacional voltada para o pensamento e para reflexão. Considerando a intolerância e a banalidade como expressões motivadoras e explicadoras do bullying, utilizamos a Teoria do Reconhecimento de Charles Taylor e Axel Honneth e o conceito de Banalidade do Mal de Hannah Arendt para fundamentar nossa hipótese principal. Como procedimentos metodológicos, além de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, foram realizadas observações do campo, aplicação de questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 08 professores e 10 estudantes que se voluntariaram para a pesquisa. A pesquisa concluiu que os estudantes conhecem o bullying e são afetados por esse tipo de violência, mas não confiam na escola como instituição capaz de ajudá-los a enfrentar o problema. Os professores sabem identificar os casos de bullying, mas não se preocupam em compreender os motivos que levam a essa prática, quando muito se limitam a pensar em estratégias de enfrentamento. A gestão escolar nega a ocorrência do bullying e interpreta os conflitos e agressões entre pares como brincadeiras rotineiras do cotidiano escolar. A pesquisa apontou também que a problemática do bullying configura-se como um tema marginalizado e banalizado na escola. / [en] This is a qualitative study on school violence. This research aimed at knowing, interpreting and comprehending the aggressive actions also known as bullying that happen among peers. This work took place at a public high school in the state of Rio de Janeiro. We intended to investigate the teachers and students perceptions concerning bullying as a type of school violence. Our hypothesis was that higher rates of bullying actions are related to the students difficulties at recognizing and dealing with cultural and identity difference that is built and rebuilt in the school environment. In order to comprehend the motives that were behind those aggressive actions, we investigated bullying as intolerance towards difference. We perceived that intolerance to difference is not enough to explain the severity of these aggressive acts. Thus, we investigated bulling as a maliciously trivial behavior. The source of this kind of behavior is a result of the inability to think and to reflect upon the meaning and the consequences of those aggressive acts. This inability is also a result of a modern society project that does not give the right value to an educational approach aimed at thinking and reflecting. We considered that intolerance and the banality of evil as expressions that motivate and explain bullying. We use the Theory of recognition by Charles Taylor and Axel Honnet and the concept of banality of evil by Hanna Arendt as a basis to our main hypothesis. As our methodological choices, we have had an extensive literature review, along with field observation, questionnaires and semistructured interviews with eight teachers and ten students who volunteered. As a conclusion to this work, we found that students know what bullying is, they know the practice and they are affected by this kind of violence, however they do not completely trust on their school asan institution that could be able to help them face the problem. Teachers know how to identify the bullying cases, but they do not mind comprehending the reasons that lead to those actions. At most, they think of some strategies in order to face the problem. The school management denies that bullying occurs and interprets these conflicts and aggressions as routineplays that normally take place at school. This research also pointed out that bullying is a sidelined and a trivialized theme at school.

Purpose/Hypothesis: Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MdDS) is a rare condition in which those afflicted perceive a chronic rocking or swaying sensation, often relieved when in motion and symptomatic when still. Etiology is uncertain; therefore, treatment options are limited. While there is reported success with medication, optokinetic stimulation or transcutaneous magnetic stimulation, there is no single treatment that works for all patients. This retrospective chart review investigated rehabilitation outcomes following sensorimotor, multi-axis, rotational (SMART) training to address MdDS symptoms. Number of Subjects: Forty-nine Materials and Methods: Forty-nine patients participated in 10-20 sessions of SMART training, with integrated use of a visual targeting system and physical therapy. Between sessions, patients were instructed to perform mindfulness breathing, relaxation and grounding techniques. Pre- and post-training Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), 4-item Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and computerized posturography including Sensory Organization Test (SOT) were assessed. Subjective change following rehabilitation was tracked at discharge, 5 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year post-training. Results: Mean age (SD) of patients was 52.9 (12.6) years with the majority (n=47) being female. Mean time from onset of symptoms (SD) was 50.8 (87.8) months suggesting chronic symptoms. At discharge, 42 of 49 patients reported improvements, with nearly half (n=24, 48.9%) of all patients reporting marked or moderate improvement in symptoms; whereas, 14 (28.6%) reported minimal improvement in symptoms. Based on paired t-tests, all outcome measures – DHI, MdDS severity Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Motion VAS, 4-item DGI, and SOT - improved significantly (p < 0.001) from initial evaluation to discharge. Several personal factors were associated with rehabilitation outcomes based on bivariate correlations. With some variation, patients sustaining improvements at 1 week post-discharge, generally continued to sustain at 5 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. Conclusions: SMART training plus physical therapy resulted in improved performance outcomes and in significant reduction or resolution in MdDS symptoms. This study provides early evidence that this method of training has promising potential to aid in the management or recovery of MdDS. Clinical Relevance: MdDS is disorder with no specific cure. Treatment is limited. SMART training may serve as an effective outcome to reduce or resolve symptoms associated with MdDS.

No description available.