Enormous developing electronic technology has brought telecommunication to the sky inspiring popularity. Wireless Network (WN) technology will be emerging so far human. Presently users give the impression loving be connected all the time (everywhere) to the network or Internet through diverse access system, e.g., Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) [9] and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access [30]. In telecommunication; MANET is considered as self-configured unlike nodes creating infrastructure-less network connected by means of WN, as nodes can exchange data packets without a central control [18]. Choosing beyond line of sight (BLOS) communication, MANET can be an intelligent selection, which is flexible for using and cost saving. However, to maintain quality of service (QoS), more or less challenges still have to be resolved [18]. Multimedia as well as VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) gaining more popularity as the internet world favored by the huge use of WN (access technologies) [20]. To maintain persistent services in different MANET situation unlike routing protocols (RP) are employed. In this thesis known (MANET) routing protocols OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) [20], DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) [30] and TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm) [14] have been considered for voice traffic as they maintaining dissimilar characteristics in the dissimilar situations as WN factors (like; bandwidth, signal strength, network traffic or load, network size) influencing the voice quality [9]. This thesis work focusing on the impact of node mobility influencing voice quality in unlike RPs in MANET. To decide the best suit RP in the MANET, the OPNET (Optimized Network Engineering Tool) Simulator 16.0 has been brought into play. OLSR is proposed to be best fitting RP for MANETs running VoIP appliance. / Enorma utveckla elektroniska tekniken har fört telekommunikation till himlen inspirerande popularitet. Trådlöst nätverk (WN) teknik kommer att utvecklas så långt mänsklig. För närvarande användare ger intryck kärleksfulla vara ansluten hela tiden (överallt) till nätverket eller Internet via olika system för tillträde, till exempel, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, Mobil Ad-hoc-nätverk (Manet) [9] och Worldwide Interoperability för Microwave Access-[30 ]. I telekommunikation, är Manet betraktas som själv-konfigurerade skillnad noder skapa infrastruktur mindre nätverk som är anslutet via WN, som noder kan utbyta datapaket utan central styrning [18]. Välja bortom synfältet (Blos) kommunikation, kan Manet vara ett intelligent val, som är flexibel för att använda och kostnadsbesparande. Men för att upprätthålla service (QoS), mer eller mindre problem återstår att lösas [18]. Multimedia samt VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) allt mer populärt eftersom internet världen gynnas av den enorma användningen av WN (accesstekniker) [20]. För att behålla ihållande tjänster i olika Manet situationen skillnad routing protokoll (RP) är anställda. I denna kända avhandling (Manet) routingprotokoll OLSR (Optimerad Routing Link State) [20], DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) [30] och Tora (Tidsmässigt ordnad routing algoritm) har [14] ansetts för taltrafik som de upprätthålla olika egenskaper i olika situationer som WN faktorer (som, bandbredd, signalstyrka, nätverkstrafik eller last, nätverkets storlek) Att påverka ljudkvaliteten [9]. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på effekterna av nod rörlighet påverka röstkvalitet i motsats till RPS i Manet. För att avgöra det bäst passar RP i Manet, den OPNET (Optimerad Network Engineering Tool) Simulator 16,0 har kommit in i bilden. OLSR föreslås bli bäst passar RP för MANETs köra VoIP-apparaten. / Bergvägen 18 5tr 196 31 Kungsängen Sweden Mob: 0046(0)737106987

The diploma thesis „Analysis and prediction of data traffic in mobile Ad Hoc network“ focuses on the radio propagation models of services in MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc) networks. It describes MANET networks and covers the theoretical analysis of routing protocols, radio wave propagation and propagation models of simulation enviroment NS-3 (Network Simulator 3). Furthermore, there is processed the creation process of model MANET networks with the routing protocol AODV (Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector) in the simulation environment NS-3. For analysis purposes there were implemented new functions to capture value of SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and throughtput. For this reason a physical layer of one of NS-3 model was modified. As an result there is a simulation build that compared several number of propagaion models.

No description available.

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a special case of mobile networks, where vehicles equipped with computing/communicating devices (called "smart vehicles") are the mobile wireless nodes. However, the movement pattern of these mobile wireless nodes is no more random, as in case of mobile networks, rather it is restricted to roads and streets. Vehicular networks have hybrid architecture; it is a combination of both infrastructure and infrastructure-less architectures. The direct vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication is infrastructure-less or ad hoc in nature. Here the vehicles traveling within communication range of each other form an ad hoc network. On the other hand, the vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication has infrastructure architecture where vehicles connect to access points deployed along roads. These access points are known as road side units (RSUs) and vehicles communicate with other vehicles/wired nodes through these RSUs. To provide various services to vehicles, RSUs are generally connected to each other and to the Internet. The direct RSU to RSU communication is also referred as I2I communication. The success of VANET depends on the existence of pervasive roadside infrastructure and sufficient number of smart vehicles. Most VANET applications and services are based on either one or both of these requirements. A fully matured VANET will have pervasive roadside network and enough vehicle density to enable VANET applications. However, the initial deployment stage of VANET will be characterized by the lack of pervasive roadside infrastructure and low market penetration of smart vehicles. It will be economically infeasible to initially install a pervasive and fully networked iv roadside infrastructure, which could result in the failure of applications and services that depend on V2I or I2I communications. Further, low market penetration means there are insufficient number of smart vehicles to enable V2V communication, which could result in failure of services and applications that depend on V2V communications. Non-availability of pervasive connectivity to certification authorities and dynamic locations of each vehicle will make it difficult and expensive to implement security solutions that are based on some central certificate management authority. Nonavailability of pervasive connectivity will also affect the backend connectivity of vehicles to the Internet or the rest of the world. Due to economic considerations, the installation of roadside infrastructure will take a long time and will be incremental thus resulting in a heterogeneous infrastructure with non-consistent capabilities. Similarly, smart vehicles will also have varying degree of capabilities. This will result in failure of applications and services that have very strict requirements on V2I or V2V communications. We have proposed several solutions to overcome the challenges described above that will be faced during the initial deployment stage of VANET. Specifically, we have proposed:  A VANET architecture that can provide services with limited number of heterogeneous roadside units and smart vehicles with varying capabilities.  A backend connectivity solution that provides connectivity between the Internet and smart vehicles without requiring pervasive roadside infrastructure or large number of smart vehicles.  A security architecture that does not depend on pervasive roadside infrastructure or a fully connected V2V network and fulfills all the security requirements. v  Optimization solutions for placement of a limited number of RSUs within a given area to provide best possible service to smart vehicles. The optimal placement solutions cover both urban areas and highways environments

No description available.

[EN] Wireless mobile ad ho networks, also known as MANETs, are omposed by independent mobile stations that ommuni ate without requiring any sort of infrastru ture for support. These networks are hara terized by variable bandwidth values and frequent path breaks, whi h are due to hannel noise, interferen e between stations and mobility. Su h fa tors require significant adaptation apabilites at different levels of the proto ol suites employed, enabling stations to qui kly respond to fast- hanging network onditions. Resear h on the most adequate proto- ols for the physi al, MAC and routing layers is still on-going, though some basi onsensus has already been rea hed and several testbeds have been setup around the world. To deploy real-time multimedia servi es, namely voi e and video, on top of su h an unreliable network environment is a very hallenging task. In this thesis we propose to a hieve that goal starting from urrently available Wi-Fi te hnology, and gradually finding the most adequate enhan ements to ea h proto ol layer of interest; we then ombine these enhan ements until we a hieve a omplete QoS framework for ad ho networks. By using urrently available te hnology we assure that the proposal of this thesis has an inherent high-level of appli ability on real life environments. Sin e our working field fo uses on video transmission over wireless ad ho networks, we will show how it is possible to support several QoS- onstrained video streams in MANET environments hara terized by moderate to high mobility levels, and by a significant amount of best efort traffic / [ES] Las redes inalámbricas ad hoc, también conocidas como redes MANET, están compuestas por un conjunto de estaciones móviles independientes capaces de omunicarse entre sí sin necesidad de ningún tipo de infraestructura común de comunicaciones. Estas redes se caracterizan por tener un ancho de banda variable y pérdidas frecuentes de ruta que se pueden atribuir al ruido del anal inalámbrico, a la interferencia entre las estaciones móviles o bien a la movilidad de las estaciones. Dichos factores requieren una gran capacidad de adaptación en las diferentes capas de la arquitectura de protocolos, permitiendo a una estación responder rápidamente a posibles cambios bruscos en las condiciones de la red. A pesar de que aún se están realizando trabajos de investigación en bus a de los protocolos más adecuados para las capas físicas, a eso al medio (MAC) y encaminamiento, ha sido posible llegar a un nivel básico de consenso, lo cual ha permitido el despliegue de plataformas y entornos aplicados que utilizan tecnología de red MANET. Ofrecer servicios multimedia, como voz y vídeo, en redes con tan poca habilidad es un desafío importante. En esta tesis nos proponemos alcanzar este objetivo partiendo de la tecnología Wi-Fi actualmente disponible, encontrando de forma paulatina las mejoras más importantes en las diferentes capas de la arquitectura de red, para llegar, finalmente, a una solución integrada capaz de ofrecer calidad de servicio (QoS) en las redes MANET. Al utilizar la tecnología que disponemos actualmente nos aseguramos que las propuestas de esta tesis tengan un alto grado de aplicabilidad en entornos reales. Ya que la línea de trabajo de la tesis está aplicada a la transmisión de vídeo en redes MANET, demostraremos que es posible ofrecer calidad de servicio a varios flujos de vídeo en una red MANET caracterizada por altos grados de movilidad en sus nodos y un nivel significativo de tráfico o de tipo best effort / Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM. (2006). Analysis and design of efficient techniques for video transmission in IEEE 802.11 wireless ad hoc networks [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/135282

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Toute une théorie classique de l’art a défini la composition picturale en prenant ses concepts à la tradition rhétorique. Ainsi le travail du peintre rassemble-t-il à ses yeux, pour commencer, deux opérations dont Cicéron avait déjà en son temps donné les noms pour l'art du discours : l’invention, qui sélectionne au sein d’une sorte de réserve les éléments convenant au sujet à présenter, puis la disposition, qui se charge d’organiser avantageusement ces éléments selon les règles d’une économie. Sous le nom de «montage», une large part de la fabrique artistique contemporaine, qu’il s’agisse de photographie, de cinéma ou de littérature, reconduit de fait aujourd’hui ces principes de procédure. Ils ne sont pourtant pas indépassables. Penser le montage sans s’expliquer avec la notion classique de composition, c’est finalement oublier ce qui a, un temps, animé l’art qu’on peut dire «moderne». Prenant en compte cette situation, étudiant des œuvres qui se sont effectuées en dépit de la méthode défendue par les classiques, cette thèse entend critiquer le désir de maîtriser des objets sous l’autorité d’une idée à transmettre et soutient la notion d’un montage qui, se soustrayant à l’«édifice» (Ishaghpour) ou au «texte» (Rancière), ne se trouve pas par eux modéré dans son opération. Il est en conséquence possible d’entendre les concepts d’invention et de disposition autrement que les classiques ou, en d’autres termes, d’en changer le mode. Cela se fait par glissements notionnels successifs, parmi lesquels celui de l’apparence à l’aspect, de la maîtrise à l’exercice, de l’application à la découverte, etc. On repère ainsi des enjeux de pensée et de conduite qui dépassent finalement le seul motif du montage. / An entire classical theory of art has defined pictorial composition by taking its concepts from the rhetorical tradition. Thus the work of the painter brings together, to his eyes, two activities that Cicero, in his time, had already given the names for the art of discussion: invention, which selects from a kind of inventory the appropriate elements for the subject to present, and then the disposition, which is responsible for the favorable organization of these elements according to the rules of an economy. Today, under the name "montage", a large part of the contemporary artistic fabric, whether it be photography, cinema or literature, follows these procedural principles. They are not, however, unsurpassable. To think of montage without taking into consideration the classical notion of composition is, finally, to forget what at one time animated the art that we can call modern. Taking into account this situation and studying works of art that have been done in spite of the methods defended by the classics, this thesis intends to critique the desire to master objects under the authority of an idea to transmit and support the notion of a montage that, subtracting from the "edifice" (Ishaghpour), or from the "text" (Rancière), does not find itself moderated by them in its operation. It is consequently possible to understand the concepts of invention and disposition using methods other than those of the classics or, in other words, to change the way we understand them. This is done by successive shifts of notions, including from the appearance to the aspect, from the mastery to the practice or from the application to the discovery, and so forth. We thus encounter what is at stake in the thought and conduct, which finally goes beyond the only motive of montage.

Cette thèse se propose de décomposer le spectre des commentaires critiques, historiques ou littéraires qui se sont projetés sur l'œuvre d'Édouard Manet dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, en regard de multiples contrepoints visuels. Cet «exercice de style méthodologique total» que permet Manet, selon les mots de Pierre Bourdieu, vise à rendre compte d'une réception mythique, monumentale et pourtant méconnue, tout en procédant en permanence à l'analyse réflexive de ses propres outils d'investigation. Par le prisme de ces présences posthumes très hétérogènes, souvent d'une grande violence, le but est de retracer la généalogie du concept narratif de «modernité» qui s'est déployé à partir d'Édouard Manet, en Europe et aux États-Unis, alors que son œuvre était simultanément défigurée en incarnation du classicisme national. Plus qu'une origine, Manet peut alors se définir comme un «carrefour» : un embranchement, à la puissance spéculaire considérable, d'idéologies, d'historicités et de projections fantasmagoriques. Ces analyses ont pour objet des réseaux très denses d'attraction, de répulsion, et de contamination entre différents systèmes d' énonciation dissonants, envisagés en regard des procédés déployés par Manet lui-même, dans le mouvement d'une œuvre à la fois profondément relationnelle et d'une radicale altérité. La problématique récurrente du fractionnement - dans la multiplicité de ses enjeux et de ses déterminations schizoïdes, du dualisme au fétichisme - forme le fil directeur de cet effort d'exhumation intellectuelle : est ici retracée en détail l'impossible tentative d'en finir avec un peintre qui ne cesse d'inquiéter une modernité constituée sur son nom. / The purpose of this dissertation is to decompose the spectrum of commentary, historical and literary, along with the multiple visual counterpoints, that were generated from the work of Édouard Manet in the first half of the 20th century. Manet allows for this « total methodological exercise », in Pierre Bourdieu's words, which endeavours to reckon with a mythical, monumental, yet mostly unknown reception, while continually conducting a reflexive analysis of its own investigative tools. Through the scope of these posthumous, heterogeneous and often extremely violent occurrences, the goal is to retrace the genealogy of the narrative concept of« modernity » which was uncoiled from the figure of Édouard Manet, in Europe and the United States, during a time when his work was simultaneously being distorted as an incarnation of national classicism. More than a point of origin, Manet can be defined as a « crossroad » : a powerful specular junction of ideologies, historicities and phantasmagorical projections. The abject of these analyses is the dense network of attraction, repulsion, and contamination that has been woven between the various and discordant systems of enunciation, studied in the light of processes set up by Manet himself, through a body of work both profoundly relational, yet radically alien. The recurrent question of fractioning, in its multiple issues and schizoid determinations - from dualism to fetishism - make up the guiding principle of this effort of intellectual exhumation; here are retraced in detail the impossible attempts that were made to do away with a painter who has time and again proven to be cause for concern to an idea of modernity created under his name.

No description available.