Picketing, a method used by employees, collectively, to assert their demands against employers, is a controversial subject arising from the conflict of interest existing between labour and employers! Previously, South African law neither forbade nor regulated picketing. Consequently, no immunity from civil liability existed in relation to a person's conduct during a picket. Presently, picketing is regulated by section 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108of19% (right to picket) and section 69 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, which provides for a protected picket (one that complies with the requirements of section 69) whereby immunity from civil liability attaches to a person's conduct during a picket. These provisions and their coexistence is examined, comparing foreign law where relevant, in an attempt to provide a foundation for a topic relatively disregarded. Section 69 reveals elements of uncertainty and vagueness. / Law / LL.M.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane da Silva Ferreira.pdf: 1980075 bytes, checksum: 06433258777a5f9ba249eca8fe3e1d1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study deals with the discursive ethos in the literary and musical constituency of country music manner- songs written in verse based on oral narratives that express their composers rural context and whose musical accompaniment is made only by the guitar - produced in 1950 s in São Paulo. Our main objective is to examine how the incorporation of the discursive ethos s intersemiotic traits operates in the construction of the identity of the country music manner songs enunciator s discourse and provides us with different interdiscourses evincing their underlying pretexts. This work s subject has great social and academic relevance, contributing to studies of one of the main cultural expressions of the people who compound São Paulo s historic, social and cultural scenario, which is the country music manner, as well as discussing the ethos s efficiency in the literary and musical genesis. Thus, we advocate that the discursive ethos - comprehended in its intersemiotic dimension, including the linguistic and melodic components - reveals an enshrined corpus, revealing the founding intentions of country music manner s discourse. The corpus is composed of song lyrics, which are nowadays, according to Ribeiro (2006b), the most known and played ones. For this purpose, we based this study on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the French Discourse Analysis, specifically Maingueneau s theoretical works and the studies of Costa (2011) about the literary and musical discourse. In view of a more consistent apprehension of the discursive ethos, we introduced the methodology of song analysis proposed by Tatit. The analyses showed that the enunciator invests himself of an ethos which values the identity practices established in the discursive memory of the co- enunciator, revealing the founding intentions of the country music manner songs discourse / Esta pesquisa trata sobre o ethos discursivo na constituência lítero-musical da moda de viola produzida na década de 1950, em São Paulo. Para tanto, traçamos como objetivo principal examinar de que forma a incorporação dos traços intersemióticos do ethos discursivo opera na construção da identidade do enunciador do discurso da moda de viola e nos oferece elementos para identificarmos diferentes interdiscursos que comprovem sua ação fundadora. O tema mostra-se de grande relevância social e acadêmica, pois amplia o estudo de uma das principais manifestações culturais de sujeitos que compuseram o cenário histórico-social e cultural de São Paulo, que é a moda de viola; além de discutir sobre a eficácia do ethos no processo de constituência lítero-musical. Diante disso, defendemos a tese de que o ethos discursivo, apreendido em sua dimensão intersemiótica, que compreende os componentes linguístico e melódico, explicita um corpo consagrado, de forma a revelar a ação fundadora do discurso da moda de viola. O corpus é constituído por textos da moda de viola os quais, conforme Ribeiro (2006b), são exemplos dos mais conhecidos e tocados atualmente. Para tanto, embasamo-nos nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, advindos dos estudos de Maingueneau (1997, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2015) e nos estudos de Costa (2011), acerca do discurso lítero-musical. Tendo em vista uma apreensão mais consistente do ethos discursivo, inserimos a metodologia de análise de canção proposta por Tatit (2012). As análises apontam que o enunciador investe-se de um ethos que valoriza as práticas identitárias alojadas na memória discursiva do co-enunciador, de modo a revelar a ação fundadora do discurso da moda de viola

Picketing, a method used by employees, collectively, to assert their demands against employers, is a controversial subject arising from the conflict of interest existing between labour and employers! Previously, South African law neither forbade nor regulated picketing. Consequently, no immunity from civil liability existed in relation to a person's conduct during a picket. Presently, picketing is regulated by section 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108of19% (right to picket) and section 69 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, which provides for a protected picket (one that complies with the requirements of section 69) whereby immunity from civil liability attaches to a person's conduct during a picket. These provisions and their coexistence is examined, comparing foreign law where relevant, in an attempt to provide a foundation for a topic relatively disregarded. Section 69 reveals elements of uncertainty and vagueness. / Law / LL.M.

Au XXème siècle, marqué par une sensibilité particulière au tragique et à l’absurdité du monde, un puissant rameau d’écrits au fond desquels résonne le désir du bonheur qu’on trouve ici et là, dans des éléments variés, se trouve grandi et fleuri. Le but de certains écrivains est d’exposer leur propre conception. Parmi ces écrits, les œuvres de Jacques Chardonne. A partir de sa propre expérience et de son regard sur les autres, Chardonne traite du bonheur dans deux types d’écrits : romanesques et non romanesques. Dans le premier il parle spécialement du bonheur dans la vie à deux. Il attache une grande importance à chercher les figures de ce bonheur : ce qui fait le bonheur conjugal, comment l’atteindre et quels sont les facteurs qui peuvent le perpétuer. La femme et ses caractéristiques sont le pôle principal de ce bonheur. L’amour est essentiel, il « est beaucoup plus que l’amour ». Pourtant c’est la satisfaction du personnage qui rend ce bonheur accompli. Des obstacles peuvent empêcher le personnage d’atteindre ce bonheur, mais l’adoption de certains procédés narratifs aide Chardonne à sauvegarder dans ses écrits les traits du bonheur.Une série des œuvres non romanesques, œuvre autobiographique et essais parlent de ce qui fait le bonheur dans la vie de Chardonne : son enfance dans sa ville natale, Barbezieux, au milieu de gens toujours heureux, l’amour partagé, l’amitié, le métier et les beaux paysages découverts pendant ses voyages dans sa vie d’adulte, ainsi que son petit jardin à la vieillesse. Un peu de regret et les souvenirs de son séjour dans la prison de Cognac à la Libération troublent la vie paisible de Chardonne. La philosophie qui traduit un acte de volonté intérieure, « Cela m’a suffi » dont s’est réclamé Chardonne pendant toute sa vie, rend le bonheur un état permanent dans tous ses écrits comme dans sa vie. / During the 20th century era, when the tragedy and the absurdity were dominant; a series of writings which were interested in happiness and pleasure, that here and there, in varied elements, flourished. The aim of most authors was to demonstrate their personal ideas and perceptions of happiness. One of these compositions was the collection of Jacques Chardonne. From his personal experience and his vision at the others, Chardonne discusses happiness in two types of writings: fictional and non fictional. In the first category he speaks specifically of happiness in life to two. He attaches great importance to find the figures of this happiness: the strategies which help to achieve it, and the factors which can perpetuate it. From his view, the woman and her characteristics are the pole essential of this happiness. Also the love is essential. It "is much more than love". Yet, it is the author's satisfaction that restores this happiness perfect. In his writings, although there are some obstacles which may prevent full achievement of happiness, yet Chardonne was able to overcome most of them by adapting a special narrative strategy to keep the sense of happiness in the general atmosphere.A series of non fictional writings, autobiographic story and trials, talk about the elements of the happiness in Chardonne’s life. Some are related to the happy childhood, in his mother country, Barbezieux, where he lived and brought up with happy people; as well as the mutual love, the good friendship, his career, and the enormously beautiful views in the trips during his youth, and the small garden during his senility. However, there are some regrets and his memories about the time that he spent in the prison of Cognac during the Liberation disturb the quiet life of Chardonne."This satisfied me" was the philosophy that had been adapted by Chardonne throughout his life, which can be translated as the interior will and desire which built up the persistent feeling of happiness reflected in all of his writings.

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below

Summaries in German and English / Die Zielgruppe der jungen Erwachsenen erhalt in evangelischen Kirchengemeinden und Jugendverbanden wenig Aufmerksamkeit. Zudem liegt kaum wissenschaftliche oder gemeindliche Literatur vor - noch weniger im direktem Bezug auf Mitarbeiterforderung der Altersgruppe 18- bis 22-Jahriger. Folglich hat die vorliegende Arbeit sich der Aufgabe gewidmet, eine Theorie der Mitarbeiterforderung zu entwickeln. Sie wird in Form von Prinzipien abgebildet, die eigens auf die Bedurfnisse von Nachwuchsmitarbeitern innerhalb der Teenagerarbeit eingehen. Die zu entwickelnden Leitlinien bilden sich zunachst aus zwei Quellen. Sie ergeben sich zum einen aus dem neutestamentlichen Befund zu 2Tim 2,2, zum anderen aus der Untersuchung von Literatur aus Gemeindepadagogik, CVJM und evangelischer Landeskirche sowie der Personalfuhrungslehre. Die durch Synopse gebildeten Prinzipien werden an der Empirie gepruft und erganzt. Das geschieht durch eine qualitative Vergleichsstudie innerhalb eines CVJM Ortsvereins in Baden. Auf der Basis der erarbeiteten Prinzipien der Mitarbeiterforderung entwickelt die Miterarbeit Anstosse fur die Praxis. / The target group of young adults (18-22 years) receives little attention in protestant churches and youth associations. Hardly any literature at all is available, even less on the training and support of voluntary leaders. Therefore, this dissertation attempts to develop a theory for training and supporting voluntary workers, portrayed in the form of principles aiming at the needs of upcoming junior leaders in teenage work. The developed guidelines originate from two sources, namely the New Testament findings around 2Tim 2,2 and the research literature in the areas of theory and methodology of Christian education, YMCA work, state church publications and personnel management and leadership. These principles, worked out through a textual comparison, are verified and complemented by empirical knowledge gathered from a qualitative study within a local YMCA group in Baden. Based on the theoretical findings, this dissertation offers practical help for the training and support of voluntary workers. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)

The current thesis is based on four individual studies which aim to account for the expression of motion events (ME) in Spanish and Swedish as first languages (L1), in Swedish as a second language (L2), and in Spanish as a heritage language (SHL). The data, resulting from audio-recordings of different sorts of stimuli, have been analyzed with special focus on (1) the most common structures used for referring to various types of ME, (2) the types and amount of information provided by the participants, in particular as regards the semantic components Path, Manner and Ground, and (3) grammatical aspect and types of syntactic structures resorted to, including the correlation between the two latter factors and speakers’ discursive preferences.      Study 1 sets out to explore how Spanish and Swedish native speakers convey information about motion. The results show that the Swedish L1 speakers produced a wider range of descriptions concerning Manner and Path than the Spanish L1 speakers; furthermore, both groups delivered detailed Ground descriptions, although the Swedish native speakers expressed final destinations (endpoints) of ME to a greater extent.      Study 2 aims to investigate to what extent Swedish L1 patterns for motion encoding are still at play in the acquisition of Spanish L2 even at advanced stages of L2 acquisition. The results show that the learner group used a larger amount of Path particles and Ground adjuncts (in particular those referring to endpoints) than did the Spanish natives; this finding supports the claim that L2 learners rely on the lexicalization patterns of their L1 when describing ME in an L2. As for Manner, the L2 speakers were found to express this component mainly outside the verb, and to deliver more information about Manner than the Spanish natives.      Study 3 addresses the construal of ME in Swedish speakers of L2 Spanish, in particular concerning the encoding of motion endpoints and Manner of motion. The results show that the Swedish learners of Spanish exhibited the same, high frequencies of endpoint marking as did their monolingual Swedish peers, thus deviating from the Spanish native pattern. Moreover, the L2 speakers used the same amount of Manner verbs as did the Spanish natives but tended consistently to provide additional Manner information in periphrastic constructions.      Finally, Study 4 sets out to analyze the ways in which L1 Spanish/L2 Swedish early and late bilinguals express ME in SHL. The aim is to show in which ways and to what extent the typological patterns for motion encoding in the L2 may impact on motion encoding in the L1 with regard to three parameters: (1) age of onset (AO) of the acquisition of L2, (2) length of residence (LoR) in the L2 environment and (3) contact level with the L1 (CL). The focus data, consisting of oral re-tellings produced by the bilinguals, were compared to analogous data produced by two control groups (native speakers of Spanish and Swedish) in order to analyze conflation patterns regarding Manner, Path and Ground information. The analysis points to the conclusion that both the individuals’ AO of L2 acquisition and their LoR in the L2 environment have affected their L1 conceptualization patterns while their CL plays a subordinate role.      In summary, the findings lend support to the idea that the habitual conceptualization of events in the L1 influences L2 acquisition; conversely, the conceptual patterns of the L2 have an impact on L1 usage in bilinguals, especially in combination with an early AO and a long LoR. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: In press.</p>

The present dissertation investigates similes and their importance in Eichendorff’s narrative work. The sources of the investigation consist of seven of Eichendorff’s narratives. Their 734 similes make up the corpus, which is presented in its entirety in the appendix. The context of the similes is partly included as well. Initially, I define the concept of “simile” more precisely, partly distancing myself from the definitions found in classical dictionaries of literary terms. After this, I describe my procedure for analysis in detail. This turned out to be necessary, since there was no similar study to be found on this topic in the extensive literature on Eichendorff. The search for models of types of similes brought me back to antique rhetoric as well as to Middle High German epic poems. In the first analysis, the types of similes occurring in the corpus are presented. The syntactic structures of image receivers and image givers are used as criteria. Four structures of similes occurred: a) classical similes and b) similes with image givers, which represent adverbial clauses and c) as / as if – clauses or are d) subject-related. The frequency and the development of frequency of types of similes are presented as well. In the second step of the thesis, I investigate whether similes tend to depict conditions/qualities or procedures/actions. It turned out that similes reflecting conditions/qualities, i.e. epic similes, dominated strongly. The high number of similes could possibly be explained by the functions carried out by epic similes in narrative texts. In the third part, I concern myself with the question whether the similes of the corpus are imaginative representations only and what kind of sensorial perceptions they express. Admittedly, the dominating percentage of the similes proved to be images, but more than fifteen per cent consist of sounds and other sensorial perceptions. Furthermore, imaginative similes, but also sounding similes express motion, so that they illustrate pictures in motion and sounding motion respectively. These come close to synaesthesia, whereas only five similes illustrate „pure“ synaesthesia. In contrast, subject-related similes are perceptions of different sensations and feelings, illustrating the inner life of a character not shared by any other character. Finally, the semantic content of the similes is investigated in order to determine the metamorphosis, i.e. the trope transfer from proprium to improprium. It turned out that only the classical simile originating in antique rhetoric is suitable for a semantic analysis. Above all, there is great variation in the trope transfer. The metamorphosis human being → nature dominates strongly, which makes the narrative text appear as a palimpsest, in which yet another world glimmer in front of the human being behind every character. However, the many trope transfers that convey reality → unreality could be interpreted as transitions and as a “magical code” of Eichendorff. Furthermore, the semantic analysis uncovers content and motives of classical similes. It becomes clear that pre-constructed – and only pre-constructed - content is imitated here. Consequently, it can be asserted that Eichendorff’s great number of similes constitute or at least contribute to the formulaic manner (according to Kohlschmidt) and the intertextuality (according to Nienhaus) in Eichendorff’s narrative work. Above all, the subject-related simile type turns out to be a typical representative of Romanticism because of its subjectivism. Together with its preformed semantic content, it constitutes the “romantic formula” of Eichendorff’s work.

Orientador: Suzi Frankl Sperber / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituo de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MeloFranco_LenonRogeriode_M.pdf: 1830662 bytes, checksum: d63fce9d22e9ed1808c6436f83f0a25d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A dissertação se ocupa da recepção da obra francesa Gaspard de la Nuit: fantaisies à la manière de Rembrandt et de Callot desde sua publicação nos anos românticos até nossos dias. As leituras de Sainte-Beuve, Baudelaire, Mallarmé e André Breton, sobretudo, são revisadas à luz de exames sincrônicos e diacrônicos. Os diferentes acolhimentos do texto são oportunidade e aporte para discutirmos seus aspectos prevalentes, tais como a relação da poesia com as artes plásticas, a fundação de um novo gênero que é o poema em prosa moderno e a noção de poète maudit. Após o decantamento crítico de numerosos leitores, apresentamos então nossa exegese particular da obra - que se acrescenta a esses registros recepcionais que foram analisados / Abstract: Not informed / Mestrado / Literatura Geral e Comparada / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

The current thesis is based on four individual studies which aim to account for the expression of motion events (ME) in Spanish and Swedish as first languages (L1), in Swedish as a second language (L2), and in Spanish as a heritage language (SHL). The data, resulting from audio-recordings of different sorts of stimuli, have been analyzed with special focus on (1) the most common structures used for referring to various types of ME, (2) the types and amount of information provided by the participants, in particular as regards the semantic components Path, Manner and Ground, and (3) grammatical aspect and types of syntactic structures resorted to, including the correlation between the two latter factors and speakers’ discursive preferences.      Study 1 sets out to explore how Spanish and Swedish native speakers convey information about motion. The results show that the Swedish L1 speakers produced a wider range of descriptions concerning Manner and Path than the Spanish L1 speakers; furthermore, both groups delivered detailed Ground descriptions, although the Swedish native speakers expressed final destinations (endpoints) of ME to a greater extent.      Study 2 aims to investigate to what extent Swedish L1 patterns for motion encoding are still at play in the acquisition of Spanish L2 even at advanced stages of L2 acquisition. The results show that the learner group used a larger amount of Path particles and Ground adjuncts (in particular those referring to endpoints) than did the Spanish natives; this finding supports the claim that L2 learners rely on the lexicalization patterns of their L1 when describing ME in an L2. As for Manner, the L2 speakers were found to express this component mainly outside the verb, and to deliver more information about Manner than the Spanish natives.      Study 3 addresses the construal of ME in Swedish speakers of L2 Spanish, in particular concerning the encoding of motion endpoints and Manner of motion. The results show that the Swedish learners of Spanish exhibited the same, high frequencies of endpoint marking as did their monolingual Swedish peers, thus deviating from the Spanish native pattern. Moreover, the L2 speakers used the same amount of Manner verbs as did the Spanish natives but tended consistently to provide additional Manner information in periphrastic constructions.      Finally, Study 4 sets out to analyze the ways in which L1 Spanish/L2 Swedish early and late bilinguals express ME in SHL. The aim is to show in which ways and to what extent the typological patterns for motion encoding in the L2 may impact on motion encoding in the L1 with regard to three parameters: (1) age of onset (AO) of the acquisition of L2, (2) length of residence (LoR) in the L2 environment and (3) contact level with the L1 (CL). The focus data, consisting of oral re-tellings produced by the bilinguals, were compared to analogous data produced by two control groups (native speakers of Spanish and Swedish) in order to analyze conflation patterns regarding Manner, Path and Ground information. The analysis points to the conclusion that both the individuals’ AO of L2 acquisition and their LoR in the L2 environment have affected their L1 conceptualization patterns while their CL plays a subordinate role.      In summary, the findings lend support to the idea that the habitual conceptualization of events in the L1 influences L2 acquisition; conversely, the conceptual patterns of the L2 have an impact on L1 usage in bilinguals, especially in combination with an early AO and a long LoR. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: In press.</p>