L'augmentation de la concurrence économique internationale et les attentes accrues des clients ont imposé aux entreprises de prendre en compte non seulement le prix ou la qualité du produit, mais également la fiabilité et la rapidité des livraisons. Dans les industries ayant une composante manufacturière dominante telles que l'automobile et l'électronique, la distribution et les coûts de stockage constituent les deuxième et troisième catégories de coûts les plus importantes après les coûts de production. Par conséquent, les entreprises industrielles et de logistique recherchent continuellement des méthodes pour réduire le niveau des stocks et les coûts de distribution. Cette tendance a créé une interaction plus forte entre les différentes étapes de la chaîne logistique, et augmente de ce fait l'utilité pratique des modèles intégrés.Cette thèse considère deux catégories de problèmes d'ordonnancement intégré. La première catégorie est l'ordonnancement intégré de la production, distribution et stockage (Integrated Scheduling of Production-Distribution-Inventory, ISPDI) et la deuxième est l'ordonnancement intégré de la production, stockage, distribution et stockage (Integrated Scheduling of Production-Inventory-Distribution-Inventory, ISPIDI). Au niveau de la production, les tâches à réaliser sont traitées sur une seule machine et regroupées par lot de production, ce qui nécessite un coût et un temps de réglage. Elles doivent ensuite être livrées à un client prédéfini par un transporteur à capacité limitée, avant des dates dues données. Chaque aller-retour du transporteur entre l'usine et le client implique un coût de livraison et des délais de livraison. De plus, on suppose que les tâches qui sont terminées avant leur date de départ ou qui sont livrées au client avant leur date due entraînent un coût de stockage supplémentaire. Notre objectif est de minimiser le coût total comprenant les coûts de reglage, de stockage et de transport, tout en garantissant un niveau de service donné pour le client.Pour les problèmes ISPDI, nous avons d'abord fourni un modèle de programmation mixte entière pour le problème multi-produits, à un seul niveau, et avons développé un algorithme génétique amélioré pour le résoudre. Puis, nous avons modifié ce modèle pour prendre en compte le cas mono-produit, multi-niveau, et avons proposé deux méthodes, un algorithme hybride et un algorithme génétique, pour le résoudre. Pour les problèmes ISPIDI, nous avons établi un modèle général non-linéaire dans le cas mono-produit, et avons traité un cas spécifique du cas général. Puis nous avons démontré une propriété d'optimalité qui lie les ordonnancements de production et de livraison dans le cas particulier, pour finalement proposer une approche heuristique pour le résoudre. Pour chaque problème étudié et afin d'évaluer la performance des algorithmes proposés, des limites inférieures intéressantes sur les fonctions objectifs correspondantes ont été établies selon des méthodes différentes telles que la méthode de relaxation lagrangienne ou des méthodes basées sur les bornes inférieures du problème de bin packing. Les résultats des expérimentations montrent l'efficacité des modèles et algorithmes proposés en termes de qualité de la solution et de temps d'exécution. / Increasing global competition in the business world and heightened expectations of customers have forced companies to consider not only the pricing or product quality, but reliability and timeliness of the deliveries as well. In manufacturing-centric industries such as automotive and electronics, distribution and inventory costs constitute the second and third largest cost components following the production costs. Therefore, industrial and logistics companies need to continuously search for ways to lower the inventory level and distribution cost. This trend has created a closer interaction between the different stages of a supply chain, and increased the practical usefulness of the integrated models.This thesis considers two categories of integrated scheduling problems. One is Integrated Scheduling of Production-Distribution-Inventory problems (ISPDI problems) and the other is Integrated Scheduling of Production-Inventory-Distribution-Inventory problems (ISPIDI problems). Jobs are first processed on a single machine in the production stage, and then delivered to a pre-specified customer by a capacitated transporter. Each job has a distinct due date, and must be delivered to customer before this due date. Each production batch requires a setup cost and a setup time before the first job of this batch is processed. Each round trip between the factory and customer requires a delivery cost as well as a delivery time. Moreover, it is assumed that a job which is completed before its departure date or delivered to the customer before its due date will incur a corresponding inventory cost. Our objective is to minimize the total cost involving setup, inventory and delivery costs while guaranteeing a certain customer service level.For ISPDI problems, we firstly provide a mixed integer programming model for the case of multi-product, single-stage situation, and develop an improved Genetic algorithm (GA) for solving it. Then, we extend this model to a single-product, multi-stage model, and provide two methods, dominance-related greedy algorithm and GA, for solving it. For ISPIDI problems, we establish a general non-linear model for the case of single-product situation and devise a special case from the general model. Then we provide an optimality property between the production and delivery schedules for the special case. Finally, a heuristic approach is developed for solving it. For each problem under study, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, some interesting lower bounds on the corresponding objective functions are established according to different methods such as Lagrangian relaxation method, classical bin-packing based method. Computational results show the efficiency of the proposed models and algorithms in terms of solution quality and running time.

Les ateliers de traitement de surface automatisés, qui utilisent des robots de manutention commandés par ordinateur pour le transport de la pièce, ont été largement mis en place dans différents types d'entreprises industrielles, en raison de ses nombreux avantages par rapport à un mode de production manuel, tels que : une plus grande productivité, une meilleure qualité des produits, et l’impact sur les rythmes de travail. Notre recherche porte sur trois types de problèmes d'ordonnancement associés à ces systèmes, appelés Hoist Scheduling Problems, caractérisés par des contraintes de fenêtres de temps de traitement: (I) un problème à une seule ressource de transport où l’objectif est de minimiser le temps de cycle; (II) un problème bi-objectif avec une seule ressource de transport où il faut minimiser le temps de cycle et la consommation de ressources de traitement (et par conséquent le coût de production); et (III) un problème d'ordonnancement cyclique mono-objectif mais multi-robots.En raison de la NP-complétude des problèmes étudiés et de nombreux avantages de les outils de type quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QEA), nous proposons d'abord un QEA hybride comprenant un mécanisme de décodage amélioré et une procédure réparation dédiée pour trouver le meilleur temps de cycle pour le premier problème. Après cela, afin d'améliorer à la fois la performance économique et environnementale qui constituent deux des trois piliers de la stratégie de développement durable de nos jours déployée dans de nombreuses industries, nous formulons un modèle mathématique bi-objectif pour le deuxième problème en utilisant la méthode de l'intervalle interdit. Ensuite, nous proposons un QEA bi-objectif couplé avec une procédure de recherche locale pour minimiser simultanément le temps de cycle et les coûts de production, en générant un ensemble de solutions Pareto-optimales pour ce problème. Quant au troisième problème, nous constatons que la plupart des approches utilisées dans les recherches actuelles, telles que la programmation entière mixte (MIP), peuvent conduire à l’obtention d’une solution non optimale en raison de la prise en compte courante d’une hypothèse limitant l’exploration de l’espace de recherche et relative aux mouvements en charge des robots. Par conséquent, nous proposons une approche de MIP améliorée qui peut garantir l'optimalité des solutions obtenues pour ce problème, en relaxant l'hypothèse mentionnée ci-dessus.Pour chaque problème, une étude expérimentale a été menée sur des cas industriels ainsi que sur des instances générées aléatoirement. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’efficacité des algorithmes d'ordonnancement proposés, ce qui justifie les choix que nous avons faits. / Automated treatment surface facilities, which employ computer-controlled hoists for part transportation, have been extensively established in various kinds of industrial companies, because of its numerous advantages over manual system, such as higher productivity, better product quality, and reduced labor intensity. Our research investigates three typical hoist scheduling problems with processing time windows in treatment surface facilities, which are: (I) cyclic single-hoist scheduling problem to minimize the cycle time; (II) cyclic single-hoist scheduling problem to minimize the cycle time and processing resource consumption (and consequently production cost); and (III) cyclic multi-hoist scheduling problem to minimize the cycle time.Due to the NP-completeness of the studied problems and numerous advantages of quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QEA), we first propose a hybrid QEA with improved decoding mechanism and repairing procedure to find the best cycle time for the first problem. After that, to enhance with both the economic and environmental performance, which constitute two of the three pillars of the sustainable strategy nowadays deployed in many industries, we formulate a bi-objective mathematical model for the second problem by using the method of prohibited interval. Then we propose a bi-objective QEA with local search procedure to simultaneously minimize the cycle time and production cost, and we find a set of Pareto-optimal solutions for this problem. As for the third problem, we find that most existing approaches, such as mixed integer programming (MIP) approach, may identify a non-optimal solution to be an optimal one due to an assumption related to the loaded hoist moves which is made in many existing researches. Consequently, we propose an improved MIP approach for this problem by relaxing the above-mentioned assumption. Our approach can guarantee the optimality of its obtained solutions.For each problem, experimental study on industrial instances and random instances has been conducted. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling algorithms are effective and justify the choices we made.

We study inverse treatment planning approaches for stereotactic radiosurgery using Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion (PFX, Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) to treat brain cancer and tumour patients. PFX is a dedicated head-and-neck radiation delivery device that is commonly used in clinics. In a PFX treatment, the patient lies on a couch and the radiation beams are emitted from eight banks of radioactive sources around the patient's head that are focused at a single spot, called an isocentre. The radiation delivery in PFX follows a step-and-shoot manner, i.e., the couch is stationary while the radiation is delivered at an isocentre location, and only moves when no beam is being emitted. To find a set of well-positioned isocentres in tumour volumes, we explore fast geometry-based algorithms, including skeletonization and hybrid grassfire and sphere-packing approaches. For the selected set of isocentres, the optimal beam durations to deliver a high prescription dose to the tumour are later found using a penalty-based optimization model. We next extend our grassfire and sphere-packing isocentre selection method to treatments with homogenous dose distributions. Dose homogeneity is required in multi-session plans where a larger volume is treated to account for daily setup errors, and thus large overlaps with surrounding healthy tissue may exist. For multi-session plans, we explicitly consider the healthy tissue overlaps in our algorithms and strategically select many isocentres in adjacent volumes to avoid hotspots. There is also interest in treating patients with continuous couch motion to decrease the total treatment session and increase plan quality. We therefore investigate continuous dose delivery treatment plans for PFX. We present various path selection methods along which the dose is delivered using Hamiltonian paths techniques, and develop mixed-integer and linear approximation models to determine the configuration and duration of the radiation time along the paths. We consider several criteria in our optimization models, including machine speed constraints and movement accuracy, preference for single or multiple paths, and smoothness of movement. Our plans in all proposed approaches are tested on seven clinical cases and can meet or exceed clinical guidelines and usually outperform clinical treatments.

Operation of the electricity markets is subject to a number of strict and specific constraints such as continuous load-generation balance, security of supply, and generation technology related limitations. Contributions have been made to two important problems of the Electricity Markets, in the context of this study. In this study, Price Based Unit Commitment problem in the literature, which is a tool for the GENCO for operations planning, is extended considering the interdependencies between the Natural Gas (NG) and Electricity infrastructures and the uncertainty of Wind Power generation. The effect of the NG infrastructure physical limitations is considered via linearized NG transmission system equations, and the Wind energy sources and conventional generation resource uncertainties are simulated by Monte-Carlo simulations. The contribution of the forward energy Bilateral Contracts (BC), as a financial risk hedging tool is also included by modeling these in the proposed PBUC framework. In the case studies , it is observed that a GENCO could prevent its financial losses due to NG interruptions, by depositing only a portion of the midterm interrupted NG in the storage facilities. The Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) Problem is widely accepted tool in the industry which models the market clearing process. This study integrates two novelties to the SCUC problem / &bull / A discrete demand response model to consider active participation of the consumers, &bull / A hybrid deterministic/stochastic contingency model to represent the N-1 contingencies together with the uncertainties related with the wind power generation and system load. It is observed that the curtailment of available wind power capacity would enable the TSO to take corrective actions against occurrence of the contingencies and realization of the uncertainties in the most possible economical manner.

In this dissertation, we introduce new families of valid inequalities for general linear mixed integer programs (MIPs) and second-order conic MIPs (SOCMIPs) and establish several theoretical properties and computational effectiveness of these inequalities. First we introduce the mixed n-step mixed integer rounding (MIR) inequalities for a generalization of the mixing set which we refer to as the n-mixing set. The n-mixing set is a multi-constraint mixed integer set in which each constraint has n integer variables and a single continuous variable. We then show that mixed n-step MIR can generate multi-row valid inequalities for general MIPs and special structure MIPs, namely, multi- module capacitated lot-sizing and facility location problems. We also present the results of our computational experiments with the mixed n-step MIR inequalities on small MIPLIB instances and randomly generated multi-module lot-sizing instances which show that these inequalities are quite effective. Next, we introduce the n-step conic MIR inequalities for the so-called polyhedral second-order conic (PSOC) mixed integer sets. PSOC sets arise in the polyhedral reformulation of SOCMIPs. We first introduce the n-step conic MIR inequality for a PSOC set with n integer variables and prove that all the 1-step to n-step conic MIR inequalities are facet-defining for the convex hull of this set. We also provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the PSOC form of this inequality to be valid. Then, we use the aforementioned n-step conic MIR facet to derive the n-step conic MIR inequality for a general PSOC set and provide conditions for it to be facet-defining. We further show that the n-step conic MIR inequality for a general PSOC set strictly dominates the n-step MIR inequalities written for the two linear constraints that define the PSOC set. We also prove that the n-step MIR inequality for a linear mixed integer constraint is a special case of the n-step conic MIR inequality. Finally, we conduct a polyhedral study of the triplet formulation for the single row facility layout problem (SRFLP). For any number of departments n, we prove that the dimension of the triplet polytope (convex hull of solutions to the triplet formulation) is n(n - 1)(n - 2)/3. We then prove that several valid inequalities presented in Amaral (2009) for this polytope are facet-defining. These results provide theoretical support for the fact that the linear program solved over these valid inequalities gives the optimal solution for all instances studied by Amaral (2009).

El plan de carga del buque debe adherirse a las instrucciones de estiba del operador del buque. Estas instrucciones especifican las características generales de cada contenedor que habrá de ccargarse. El plan de carga también debe agilizar las operaciones de transporte en la explanada de la terminal. Presentamos dos algoritmos para generar el plan de carga. El primero utiliza el método de descomposición Lagrangeana. El segundo utiliza la metaheurística tabú. Las companías navieras se enfrentan a un problema extremadamente complejo cuando intentan determinar la composición y ruteo óptimo de su flota. Presentamos un modelo y algoritmo para este problema. El modelo representa los costes operativos de una naviera. También permite la respresentación de buques con diferentes propiedades, puntos y costes de transbordo, retrasos en puerto, y la posibilidad de rechazar una solicitud de transporte. Un caso práctico explora la sensitividad de los resultados a cambios en el precio del combustible. / The vessel loading plan must comply with stowage instructions provided by the vessel operator, which specify characteristics of each container to be loaded. Additionally, the vessel loading plan should expedite transport operations in the yard. We present two vessel planning algorithms. In the first model, the vessel planning problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming (MIP) model and solved using Lagrangean relaxation and branch and bound. In the second model, a tabu metaheuristic is employed. Liner companies face a complex decision problem in determining the optimal fleet composition and routing. We present a model that captures the revenues and operating expenses of a liner company. The model allows for vessel types with different cost and operating properties; transhipment hubs; port delays; regional trade imbalances; and the possibility of rejecting transportation demand selectively. A case study explores the sensitivity of optimal fleet composition and routing to bunker costs.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_yp_me_guara.pdf: 1810118 bytes, checksum: 4638b9426aac62a064b565b38ffda481 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-27 / Neste trabalho propõe-se uma abordagem para o Problema de Balanceamento de Linhas de Montagem (do inglês, Assembly Line Balancing Problem - ALBP) para aumentar a eficiência de uma indústria montadora de veículos. O ALBP caracteriza-se como um problema de sequenciamento de tarefas em estações de trabalho classificado como um problema de Otimização Combinatória NP-difícil e, portanto, a solução exata do problema em ambientes reais geralmente implica em elevado custo computacional. Para resolver o ALBP, foram formulados um modelo matemático de otimização inteira mista para obtenção de soluções determinísticas e um modelo estocástico com recurso que considera a incerteza dos tempos de execução das tarefas pelos operadores. A motivação para o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho decorre da observação de interrupções constantes do fluxo de produção nesta indústria, atribuídas às mais diversas naturezas, e que causavam transtornos e elevados níveis de estresse aos trabalhadores. Ambos os modelos, determinístico e estocástico, aumentaram a capacidade de produção de 196 unidades/dia para 245 e 233 unidades/dia, respectivamente. O modelo estocástico aumentou o tempo de ciclo CT em 5,6% quando comparado ao modelo determinístico, embora diminua a capacidade efetiva em 4,8% Porém, não considerar a incerteza no tempo de execução das tarefas pode diminuir a quantidade produzida em até 10,6%. Contrariamente ao entendimento comum em linhas de montagem, este trabalho conclui que reduzir os tempos de ociosidade aos níveis mínimos é prejudicial à produtividade de linhas de montagem. Isto se deve ao fato de que uma parcela do tempo atribuído à ociosidade dos operadores, na verdade contêm um tempo adicional gerado pela incerteza do tempo de execução das tarefas. Os resultados sugerem que a abordagem do ALBP sob incerteza contribui para o aumento dos índices de capacidade operacional da empresa. Devido ao grande esforço computacional necessário para a solução dos modelos de otimização propostos (determinístico e estocástico), não se consegue resolver, em um tempo computacional razoável, exemplares de dimensões reais do problema. Em vista disto, o trabalho propõe também uma heurística para a solução do ALBP visando minimizar o tempo de ciclo. Experimentos computacionais sugerem que a heurística proposta obtém resultados razoáveis para grandes exemplares do problema em um tempo computacional pequeno / This work proposes solution approaches to the Assembly Line Balancing Problem (ALBP) to increase the efficiency of a vehicle assembler industry. The ALBP is characterized as a task sequencing in workstations which is classified as a NP-hard Combinatorial Optimization problem and, therefore, the exact solution of the problem in real environments usually implies a high computational cost. In order to solve the ALBP, a mathematical model of mixed integer optimization to obtain deterministic solutions and a stochastic model with resource that considers the uncertainty of the execution times of the tasks by the operators were formulated. The motivation for the development of this work stems from the constant interruptions of the production flow in this industry, attributed to the most diverse natures, which cause disorders and high levels of stress to the workers. The deterministic and stochastic models increased the production capacity from 196 units / day to 245 and 233 units / day, respectively. The stochastic model increased the cycle time by 5.6% when compared to the deterministic model, although it reduced the effective capacity by 4.8%, which is equivalent to 12 vehicles / day. However, not considering the uncertainty in task execution times can decrease the amount produced by up to 10.6% or 26 vehicles / day. Contrary to the most acceptable idea, this work concludes that reducing idle times to minimum levels is detrimental to assembly line productivity. This is due to the fact that a portion of the time attributed to the idleness of the operators actually contains an additional time generated by the uncertainty of the execution time of the tasks. The results suggest that the approach of the ALBP under uncertainty contributes to the increase of the indices of operational capacity of the company. Due to the great computational effort required to solve the proposed optimization models (deterministic and stochastic), it is not possible to solve real instances of the problem in a reasonable computational time. In view of this, this work also proposes a heuristic for the ALBP solution in order to minimize the cycle time. Computational experiments suggest that the proposed heuristic obtains reasonable results for large instances of the problem in a small computational time

Le Système Électrique est soumis ces dernières années à plusieurs évolutions, depuis la dérégulationdu marché d'énergie à l'intégration de plus en plus importante de Générateurs Dispersés (GED). Ainsi,dans le cadre du concept de Smart Grid, les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de lacommunication (NTIC) offrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la gestion et l'exploitation des réseauxde distribution.Dans ce contexte, de nouveaux outils sont étudiés. Encore appelés Fonctions Avancéesd’Automatisation (FAA), le but principal de ces outils est d’utiliser tous les composants du réseau dedistribution de manière coordonnée en vue de les rendre plus actifs, flexibles et d’augmenter leurefficacité opérationnelle. Dans notre cas, nous avons étudié les fonctions associées à la reconfigurationen régime normal, du réglage de la tension et l’hybridation de ces deux derniers, tout en tenant comptede la présence des GED. En partant du comportement physique inhérent aux composants du réseau,plusieurs modèles ont été proposés. Certains sont tirés de la théorie des graphes et d’autres sur l’outilpuissant de la reformulation mathématique pour « convexifier » nos modèles. Cette modélisationadoptée répond à la fois à la nécessité de prendre en compte tous les moyens de réglages qui peuventêtre discrets (prises des transformateurs avec régleurs en charge ou des gradins de condensateurs),binaires (état de connectivité des composants) et continues (puissance réactive de la DG) et par lechoix des outils et des algorithmes d'optimisation mixte. En effet, la complexité de ces problèmes sonttelles que nous avons exploré à la fois des algorithmes méta-heuristiques (ACF : Algorithme desColonies de Fourmis) que déterministes (Décomposition de Benders Généralisée, Algorithme duBranch and Cut). / The Electric Power System is undergoing a lot of evolutions in recent years, including the energymarket deregulation and the increasing integration of Dispersed Generators (DG). Therefore, withinthe framework of Smart Grid concept, the New Information and Communication Technologies (NICT)provide new perspectives to manage and operate distribution networks.In this context, new tools, called Advanced Distribution Automation functions (ADA, are beingstudied). The main objective of these tools is to use all the distribution network components in acoordinated manner to make them more active and flexible, in addition to increasing their operationalefficiency. In our case, we studied the functions associated with the reconfiguration problem, thevoltage control problem and the hybridization of these two, while taking into account the presence ofthe DG. Based on the inherent components of network physical models, several models have beenproposed. Some are derived from the graph theory and others use powerful mathematicalreformulation to make our models convex. The adopted models answer to the necessity of taking intoaccount all regulation means, which can be discrete (On Load Tap-Changer and capacitor banks),binary (components connectivity such as lines or transformers) and continuous (DG reactive power ),and by the choice of tools and algorithms of mixed optimization. Indeed, the complexity of theseproblems is such that we have explored both algorithms: meta-heuristic (ACA, Ant Colony Algorithm)and deterministic (Generalized Benders Decomposition, Branch and Cut Algorithm).

[pt] A relação entre as atividades logísticas desempenhadas nas empresas de telecomunicações e sua prestação de serviço parece, para o público em geral, estarem desassociadas. Entretanto, a necessidade de atendimento de áreas extensas associadas a redução custos, coloca essas atividades, ditas não-essenciais, no grupo de atividades estratégicas. Através da introdução do ambiente de telecomunicações brasileiro, da importância da logística para este serviço e do estudo de problemas de localização, a presente dissertação de mestrado desenvolve um modelo MIP - Mix Integer Programming – dinâmico para o problema de localização de hubs conhecido como: ULP - Uncapacitated Hub Location Problem, sendo este modelo utilizado na análise de um estudo de caso real de uma operadora de serviços de telecomunicações via satélite, onde foram obtidos insights quanto o nível de redução de custo através do redesenho da rede de distribuição e da escolha de novos pontos de armazenagem, sendo comprovados através um estudo estocástico com 500 cenários aleatórios. / [en] The relationship between logistics activities performed on telecommunications companies and their service delivery seems, to the public, is disassociated. However, the need to service large areas associated with reducing costs, puts these activities nonessential into to the group of strategic activities. Through the introduction of the Brazilian telecommunications environment, the importance of logistics for this service and the study location problems, this master thesis develops a dynamic MIP model - Mix Integer Programming - for the hub location problem known as ULP - Uncapacitated Hub Location Problem, and this model is used in the analysis of a real case study of an satellite telecommunications operator. which were obtained insights into the level of reducing cost by redesigning of distribution network and the choice of new warehouse points, being demonstrated by a stochastic study of 500 random scenarios.

Le cadre de cette thèse est l'optimisation des opérations aéroportuaires. Nous nous intéressons à trois problèmes de gestion des avions dans un aéroport : l'affectation aux points de stationnement, le routage au sol entre les pistes et les points de stationnement, et l'ordonnancement des décollages et des atterrissages.Ce travail a été réalisée en collaboration étroite avec la société Amadeus. Nos approches ont été testées et validées avec des données réelles provenant d'aéroports européens.Nous proposons une formulation en Programme Linéaire en Nombres Entiers (PLNE) du problème d'affectation aux points de stationnement. Nous montrons que trouver une affectation réalisable est un problème NP-Complet et nous proposons diverses améliorations visant à réduire le temps de résolution de notre modèle. Nous obtenons ainsi des solutions de meilleure qualité que celles de la littérature, tout en conservant un temps de calcul raisonnable.Le problème de routage au sol est modélisé en adaptant un PLNE de la littérature. Nous montrons que les indicateurs de l'industrie sont en contradiction avec l'objectif de réduction du temps de roulage, et donc des émissions de pollutions. Nous proposons de nouveaux indicateurs basés sur l'heure de décollage, et non sur l'heure de départ du point de stationnement.Enfin, nous nous intéressons à l'intégration de l'ordonnancement à la piste avec le routage au sol. Nous montrons qu'une meilleure intégration permet de réduire le temps de roulage et d'améliorer la gestion de la piste. Nous proposons une heuristique séquentielle basée sur une modélisation en PLNE innovante du problème d'ordonnancement à la piste. Nous montrons que cette heuristique fournit des solutions de bonne qualité en temps raisonnable, contrairement à l'approche exacte de la littérature. / In this thesis, we address the optimization of aircraft ground operations at airports, focusing on three main optimization problems: the stand allocation, the ground routing between stands and runways, and the sequencing of take-offs and landings.These works result from a close collaboration with Amadeus. Our approaches have been tested and validated with real data from European airports.The stand allocation problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Program (MIP). We show that finding an allocation plan respecting operational requirements is NP-Complete and we strengthen our model in several directions. We obtain better solutions than the literature withing reasonable computation times for an industrial application.The ground routing problem is modeled by a MIP formulation adapted from the literature. We show that the main indicators of the industry are in contradiction with the objective of reducing taxi times and therefore air pollution. We propose new indicators based on take-off times instead of push back times.Lastly, we focus on the integration of the runway sequencing with the ground routing. We highlight that a better integration allows to reduce taxi times while improving the management of the runway. We propose a sequential heuristic based on an innovative MIP formulation of the runway sequencing problem. This heuristic is shown to provide high quality solutions in reasonable computation times, unlike the exact approach from the literature.