This dissertation is a study of the comic intermezzo’s literary origins and musical practice in the years before Pergolesi’s La serva padrona (1733). It begins with a chronological examination of Italian comic plays and operas written between 1660 and 1723. During these years comic playwrights adopted a style of writing speech from the improvised theatre which makes use of what Richard Andrews (1993) refers to as “elastic gags.” This style of comedy flourished under Medici patronage in Florence in the last decades of the seventeenth century and then spread to Venice, Rome and Naples during the first years of the intermezzo’s development. It is a style of comedy shared with the plays of Molière, and other contemporaneous French authors. This dissertation examines several scenes based on French works which have previously not been identified as having earlier sources. The decision to adapt these earlier sources for the intermezzo did not occur in a vacuum. The practice of comedy in the intermezzo was conditioned by the artistic, social and political climate of Italy. This study investigates the relationship between intermezzos and the milieus which produced them. The success of some intermezzos, like Il marito giocatore (1719), resulted from a combination of their artistic merit and their broad social appeal, while others, like Albino e Plautilla (1723), were musically adept but remained obscure because their humour was specific to the world they satirized. Both intermezzos are indebted to earlier French sources. Many others which are metatheatrical in nature draw on contemporary debates about opera. A final section examines selected arias from the intermezzo repertory using incongruity theory. Comic theory makes clear that the intermezzo’s musical language was not a new development. Just as librettists drew on earlier written traditions to form the literary text of the intermezzo, composers drew on existing musical practices to create humour. The intermezzo was therefore not naively comic—a portrait of the genre which is all too common—but rather a repertory which was thoroughly enmeshed within contemporary artistic practice and a wider social and cultural world.

Through the history of mankind comedy has been, and still is, a form of entertainment. Comedy also has a critical function when the comedians use irony or satire to critize for example politicians, institutions or human behaviour. By dealing with difficult subjects such as disease, death, prejudice, and by ridiculing human fears, comedy plays a liberating role. Consequently, comedy is very important to us; laughter is important.           This essay is a comparative study between The Miser by Molière and the French television comedy H created by Abd-el-Kader Aoun, Xavier Matthieu and Éric Judor. The series was broadcasted for the frist time in France between the years 1998 and 2002. It is still broadcasted in many frenchspeaking countrys. H takes place in a hospital and the title stands for the French words Hôpital, Histoire and Humour. The study examines if the classical comedy is still viable today, and if the different types of comedy that Molière used in his grand plays are still used in a modern television comedy. The following types of comedy are used for the analysis: character comedy, situational comedy and play on words. Finally, H et The Miser is compared with the Classicism, the farce and Commedia dell’arte.           The analysis confirmed our hypothesis that the same type of comedy that Molière used is still in use today. We have shown that character comedy is fundamental for the two analysed comedies. Both The Miser and the television comedy H contains comical and ridiculous characters who are obsessed by their fixed ideas. Misunderstandings are an important element in intrigues and both The Miser and H use misunderstandings to create intrigues. Situational comedy, that for exemple can turn on the contriver himself by repetition, and play on words are also employed by the creators of both comedies. We have also found resemblances between the two comedies and the Classicism, the farce and Commedia dell’arte.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caron_ec_me_assis.pdf: 397770 bytes, checksum: ad2a9ab1395df97255150f920ef2bc49 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O doente Molière (2000), de Rubem Fonseca (1925 - ), est un roman racontant les événements qui ont marqué la vie et surtout la mort du dramaturge français Molière (1622-1673). Le récit est fait par son ami le Marquis, qui préfère se maintenir anonyme: il se voit torturé par sa conscience, pour s’être longtemps tu à propos de la possibilité d’empoisonnement de l’auteur de Le malade imaginaire (1673), et décide maintenant d’éclairer le prétendu meurtre. Si l’on observe les recours employés dans l’écriture de ce roman, on constate la présence de plusieurs éléments qui nous permettent de l’envisager comme ce que Linda Hutcheon nomme le roman historique post-moderne (1991), parmi lesqueles on peut citer les suivants: la présence de l’hybridité générique, puisqu’il s’agit d’un roman qui mélange le théâtre, les récits policier et historique; la métafiction – car le narrateur fait constamment allusion au processus de production de l’oeuvre et raconte un événement basé sur l’histoire; la parodie des genres – il y a une subversion générique nette, ainsi que la présence de l’intertextualité avec plusieurs auteurs, notamment avec les oeuvres de Molière, puisque le roman suppose Le malade imaginaire comme sa source de motivation, outre d’autres pièces importantes dans la carrière du dramaturge. Et il y a encore plusieurs citations des Essais de Michel de Montaigne (1580) qui méritent aussi notre attention. / O doente Molière (2000), de Rubem Fonseca (1925 - ), é um romance que narra os acontecimentos que marcaram a vida e que circundaram a morte do dramaturgo francês Molière (1622-1673). A narrativa é feita por seu amigo marquês, que prefere se manter anônimo: ele se sente torturado por sua consciência, por se ter calado durante muito tempo a respeito da possibilidade de envenenamento do autor de Le malade imaginaire (1673), e decide agora esclarecer o pretenso assassinato. Observando os recursos utilizados na escritura deste romance, constatamos vários elementos que nos permitem vê-lo como o que Linda Hutcheon chama de romance histórico pós-moderno (1991), sendo que alguns deles são os seguintes: há presença de hibridismo genérico, já que se trata de um romance que mescla teatro, narrativa policial e histórica; a metaficção – dado que o narrador alude constantemente ao processo de produção da obra e conta um acontecimento baseado na história; a paródia dos gêneros – há uma nítida subversão genérica, assim como a presença do procedimento intertextual, principalmente com as obras do dramaturgo Molière, já que o romance tem como substrato motivador Le malade imaginaire, além de outras peças importantes da carreira do dramaturgo. Além disso, merecem também a nossa atenção as citações provenientes dos Essais de Michel de Montaigne (1580).

Orientador: Maria Lídia Lichtscheidl Maretti / Banca: Margarida da Silveira Corsi / Banca: Ana Maria Carlos / Resumo: O doente Molière (2000), de Rubem Fonseca (1925 - ), é um romance que narra os acontecimentos que marcaram a vida e que circundaram a morte do dramaturgo francês Molière (1622-1673). A narrativa é feita por seu amigo marquês, que prefere se manter anônimo: ele se sente torturado por sua consciência, por se ter calado durante muito tempo a respeito da possibilidade de envenenamento do autor de Le malade imaginaire (1673), e decide agora esclarecer o pretenso assassinato. Observando os recursos utilizados na escritura deste romance, constatamos vários elementos que nos permitem vê-lo como o que Linda Hutcheon chama de romance histórico pós-moderno (1991), sendo que alguns deles são os seguintes: há presença de hibridismo genérico, já que se trata de um romance que mescla teatro, narrativa policial e histórica; a metaficção - dado que o narrador alude constantemente ao processo de produção da obra e conta um acontecimento baseado na história; a paródia dos gêneros - há uma nítida subversão genérica, assim como a presença do procedimento intertextual, principalmente com as obras do dramaturgo Molière, já que o romance tem como substrato motivador Le malade imaginaire, além de outras peças importantes da carreira do dramaturgo. Além disso, merecem também a nossa atenção as citações provenientes dos Essais de Michel de Montaigne (1580). / Résumé: O doente Molière (2000), de Rubem Fonseca (1925 - ), est un roman racontant les événements qui ont marqué la vie et surtout la mort du dramaturge français Molière (1622-1673). Le récit est fait par son ami le Marquis, qui préfère se maintenir anonyme: il se voit torturé par sa conscience, pour s'être longtemps tu à propos de la possibilité d'empoisonnement de l'auteur de Le malade imaginaire (1673), et décide maintenant d'éclairer le prétendu meurtre. Si l'on observe les recours employés dans l'écriture de ce roman, on constate la présence de plusieurs éléments qui nous permettent de l'envisager comme ce que Linda Hutcheon nomme le roman historique post-moderne (1991), parmi lesqueles on peut citer les suivants: la présence de l'hybridité générique, puisqu'il s'agit d'un roman qui mélange le théâtre, les récits policier et historique; la métafiction - car le narrateur fait constamment allusion au processus de production de l'oeuvre et raconte un événement basé sur l'histoire; la parodie des genres - il y a une subversion générique nette, ainsi que la présence de l'intertextualité avec plusieurs auteurs, notamment avec les oeuvres de Molière, puisque le roman suppose Le malade imaginaire comme sa source de motivation, outre d'autres pièces importantes dans la carrière du dramaturge. Et il y a encore plusieurs citations des Essais de Michel de Montaigne (1580) qui méritent aussi notre attention. / Mestre

Le libertinage semble avoir toujours été méconnu, caricaturé et considéré comme un mouvement sans envergure philosophique. Cependant, si la notion de libertinage s’est construite sur la vision négative de ses détracteurs, elle a néanmoins des fondements idéologiques, philosophiques et stylistiques solides mais souvent incompris, car les libertins ont toujours refusé toute forme de dogmatisme. Ils ne proposent donc pas un système philosophique mais un mode de pensée dans lequel le lecteur doit pouvoir élaborer sa propre vision du monde ainsi qu’un modèle idéal de vie et de sagesse. Cette continuité a été mise au jour par la critique actuelle chez les libertins du dix-Septième siècle, que l’on nomme « érudits » depuis la thèse de René Pintard en 1943. Cependant, la périodisation scinde le mouvement libertin en deux et nie la possibilité d’une continuité entre les auteurs libertins du dix-Septième siècle et ceux du dix-Huitième siècle considérés comme mineurs. A traves l’étude de quatre œuvres libertines des dix-Septième et dix-Huitième siècles (Les États et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil de Cyrano de Bergerac, Dom Juan de Molière, Thérèse philosophe de Boyer d’Argens et les trois versions de Justine de Sade) et leur confrontation aux textes théoriques et critiques qui définissent les enjeux du libertinage, cette continuité est mise en avant et étudiée dans cinq directions fondamentales : le refus des croyances, la valorisation d’une démarche scientifique, la relativisation des valeurs, l’existence d’une herméneutique matérialiste et la constitution d’un idéal politique, social et philosophique. / It seems that libertinism has always been misread, distorted and regarded as a movement with a limited scale. However, even if the establishment of the notion of libertinism was based on the negative vision spread by its detractors, it was actually a strong ideology, philosophy and style that was often misunderstood because the libertins always denied all kind of dogma. Therefore, they do not propose a philosophical model but a way of thinking in which the reader has to figure one’s own vision of the world as well as an ideal model of life and wisdom. This continuity was revealed by the contemporary criticism of the libertins from the seventeenth century, that we name “Scholars” since the thesis developed by René Pintard in 1943. But the chronology divides the movement in two periods and denies the possibility of a continuity between the libertine authors from the seventeenth century and those from the eighteenth century, regarded as minors authors. Through the study of four libertine pieces from the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries (Les États et Empires de la Lune et du Soleil by Cyrano de Bergerac, Dom Juan by Molière, Thérèse philosophe by Boyer d’Argens and the three versions of Justine by Sade) and through their comparison with the stakes of libertinism defined by the theoretical texts and criticism, this continuity is highlighted and studied in five fundamental ways : refusal of beliefs, the promotion of a scientific approach, putting common values in perspective, the existence of a materialistic hermeneutics and the constitution of a political, social and philosophical ideal.

L’écoute aux portes est un élément du théâtre français qui n’a pas souvent retenu l’attention de la critique, qui tend à le concidérer comme un simple subterfuge utile au développement et à la résolution de l’intrigue. Ce mémoire cherchera donc à combler ce manque d’attention, en portant sur l’intérêt scénique particulier que représente l’écoute aux portes dans Tartuffe de Molière, Le Jeu de l’amour et du hasard ainsi que Les Fausses Confidences de Marivaux et On ne badine pas avec l’amour de Musset. Après avoir défini ce que l’on entend par le terme « écoute aux portes », nous nous demanderons qui écoute, dans quels lieux, ce qui motive les curieux et si l’on peut voir dans l’écoute aux portes autre chose plus qu’un simple subterfuge, qu’une simple excuse qui permet aux « oreilles indiscrètes » de partager ce qui normalement leur serait resté inconnu.