Summaries in Afrikaans and English / The goal of this study is to understand the phenomenon of self mutilation by adolescents, with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, from an educational-psychological perspective. A literature study was undertaken to investigate the nature, classification, causes and treatment of self mutilation, as well as the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. The self mutilation of adolescents was placed within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory framework. The research results showed that selfmutilation, with adolescents with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, is a symptom of disharmonic intra- and interpsychic processes, as it is understood within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. Self mutilation is used as a coping mechanism to regulate unpleasant emotional experiences. The empirical study also showed that an impoverished educational climate contributes to the development of self mutilation by adolescents. / Die doel van hierdie studie is om die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente, by wie daar nie ontwikkelings- of geestesgestremdheid aanwesig is nie, vanuit 'n opvoedkundig-sielkundige perspektief te verstaan. Aan die hand van die literatuurstudie is die aard, klassifisering, oorsake en behandeling van selfmutilering, asook die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie verken. Die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie is as raamwerk gebruik waarbinne die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente ondersoek is. Die navorsingsresultate het aan die lig gebring dat selfmutilering, by adolessente by wie daar nie geestes- of ontwikkelingsgestremdheid teenwoordig is nie, 'n simptoom is van disharmoniese intra- en interpsigiese gebeure soos dit verstaan word binne die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie. Selfmutilering word gebruik as 'n verdedigingsmeganisme waarmee onaangename belewinge gereguleer word. Die empiriese studie het ook getoon dat 'n onbevredigende opvoedingsklimaat 'n groot bydrae lewer tot die ontwikkeling van selfmutilering by adolessente. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialiation in Guidance and Counseling)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / The goal of this study is to understand the phenomenon of self mutilation by adolescents, with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, from an educational-psychological perspective. A literature study was undertaken to investigate the nature, classification, causes and treatment of self mutilation, as well as the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. The self mutilation of adolescents was placed within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory framework. The research results showed that selfmutilation, with adolescents with whom there is no developmental or mental barrier, is a symptom of disharmonic intra- and interpsychic processes, as it is understood within the Educational Psychological Relations Theory. Self mutilation is used as a coping mechanism to regulate unpleasant emotional experiences. The empirical study also showed that an impoverished educational climate contributes to the development of self mutilation by adolescents. / Die doel van hierdie studie is om die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente, by wie daar nie ontwikkelings- of geestesgestremdheid aanwesig is nie, vanuit 'n opvoedkundig-sielkundige perspektief te verstaan. Aan die hand van die literatuurstudie is die aard, klassifisering, oorsake en behandeling van selfmutilering, asook die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie verken. Die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie is as raamwerk gebruik waarbinne die verskynsel van selfmutilering by adolessente ondersoek is. Die navorsingsresultate het aan die lig gebring dat selfmutilering, by adolessente by wie daar nie geestes- of ontwikkelingsgestremdheid teenwoordig is nie, 'n simptoom is van disharmoniese intra- en interpsigiese gebeure soos dit verstaan word binne die Opvoedkundig-Sielkundige Relasieteorie. Selfmutilering word gebruik as 'n verdedigingsmeganisme waarmee onaangename belewinge gereguleer word. Die empiriese studie het ook getoon dat 'n onbevredigende opvoedingsklimaat 'n groot bydrae lewer tot die ontwikkeling van selfmutilering by adolessente. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialiation in Guidance and Counseling)

Sammanfattning Bakgrund Fokus för studien är att uppmärksamma Socialstyrelsens vägledande information rörande könsstympning av flickor och kvinnor. Traditionen innebär total eller delvis borttagning av det kvinnliga yttre könsorganet, vilket innefattar avsiktliga skador som förändrar eller orsakar defekter på det kvinnliga könsorganet utan medicinska skäl eller grunder (WHO, 2008). Till följd av migration och befolkningsomflyttningar har traditionen kommit att uppmärksammas internationellt och även i Sverige. I Sverige har traditionen en tydlig relevans för socialt arbete eftersom könsstympning diskuteras och definieras som våld mot kvinnor/barn, förtryck, heder, brott mot mänskliga och barns rättigheter (Talle, 2008). Myndigheter i Sverige står inför en utmaning att informera, uppmärksamma, integrera och arbeta preventivt med denna målgrupp.   Syfte Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera hur socialstyrelsen via sin webbplattform förmedlar kunskap om könsstympning av flickor och kvinnor. Utifrån hemsidans tillgängliga texter granskas och analyseras vägledning och kunskapsstöd riktade till olika professioner, exempelvis socialtjänsten och hälso-och sjukvård. Vidare studeras hur kunskapsstöd vägleder professioner till att förstå och handla i frågor som rör könsstympning som ett arbete på samhälls-, grupp och individnivå. Utifrån det analyseras hur socialstyrelsen främja det sociala arbetet kring könsstympning.   Metod Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskning baserad på systematisk litteraturstudie och induktiv ansats. Litteraturstudien grundades på analys och granskning av socialstyrelsen kunskapsstöd. Genom en webbaserad innehållsanalys granskades 53 publicerade dokument som direkt eller indirekt berör könsstympning av flickor och kvinnor.     Resultat I resultatdelen identifieras tilltänkta mottagare av det publicerade materialet som illustreras i form av ett diagram. Den allmängiltiga informationen representerar hälften av urvalet. De två mer framträdande grupper identifieras som Hälso-och sjukvård och den berörda målgruppen. I mindre omfattning riktas material till socialtjänst och samhälls-/hälsokommunikatörer. Resultat påvisar att Hälso-sjukvården i sitt arbete med könsstympning, har i större omfattning tillgång till praktiskt och teoretisk vägledning i jämförelse med de andra representerade mottagargrupperna.   Slutsatser Studien visar att socialstyrelsen förmedlar ett arbete mot traditionen på individ-, grupp- och samhällsnivå. Information kring könsstympning av flickor och kvinnor stämmer i stort sett överens med tidigare forskning gällande ursprung, förekomst, utformning och konsekvenser. Studien visar att Socialstyrelsen är en källa för kunskap och information kring ämnet. Det föreligger dock skillnader i den praktiska vägledningen som skapar grund för handling. Vid det konkreta arbetet på individnivå framträder skillnader beroende på om frågan aktualiseras inom hälso- och sjukvård eller socialtjänst. / Abstract Background The focus of the study is to draw attention to the National Board of Health and Welfare directory information concerning female genital mutilation (FMG). The tradition involving the total or partial removal of the female external genitalia, including intentional damage which alter or cause defects on the female genitalia without medical reasons or reasons (WHO, 2008). As a result of migration and population movements, the tradition came to be recognized internationally and in Sweden. In Sweden, the tradition has a clear relevance to social work because FGM is discussed and defined as violence against women/children, oppression, honour, violation of human and children's rights (Talle, 2008). Authorities in Sweden is facing a challenge to inform, alert, integrate and work preventively with this audience. Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe and analyse how the National Board of Health and Welfare by its web platform conveys knowledge of FGM. Based on the websites available texts examined and analysed guidance and knowledge subsidies to various professions, such as social and health care. Further studies show knowledge and support guides professionals to understand and act on issues related to FGM as a work of social, group and at a individual level. Based on the analysis of how the National Board of Health and Welfare promotes the social work of FGM. Method The study is based on a qualitative research based on a systematic literature review and inductive approach. The literature review was based on analysis and review by the National Board of Health and Welfare knowledge support. Through a web-based content analysis examined 53 published documents that directly or indirectly affects FGM. Results In the results section identified the receiver to think of the published material illustrated in the form of a diagram. The universal information represents half of the sample. The two prominent groups identified as Health and the touch target. In smaller scale material is directed to social and community -/health communicators. Results demonstrate that the health-care system in his work on FGM, has been more widely access to practical and theoretical guidance in comparison to the other receiver groups represented. Conclusions The study shows that the National Board of Health and Welfare conveys a work against the tradition of individual, group and societal level. Information about FGM are broadly in line with previous research on the origin, presence, design and impact. The study shows that the National Board of Health and Welfare is a source of knowledge and information on the subject. However, there are differences in the practical guide to creating a basis for action. In the concrete work at the individual level, disparities, depending on whether the issue arises in healthcare or social services.

Mondialement, plus de 200 millions de femmes et de filles vivent avec une mutilation génitale féminine/excision (MGF/E) (OMS, 2016). Les mouvements d’immigration impliquent la présence d'un nombre grandissant de femmes et de filles de pays où les MGF/E sont pratiqués dans des pays où le personnel médical et infirmier se doit de se questionner sur la façon d’aborder ce sujet d'une manière sensible et respectueuse ainsi que d'élaborer et de mettre en place des actions et lignes directrices pour assurer un suivi. Le but du mémoire-practicum est de circonscrire les pratiques médicales et infirmières, en contexte obstétrical d’un CHU, dans une perspective d’identification et d’assurer un suivi auprès de femmes ayant vécu une MGF/E. Les éléments clés concernant l’identification de la présence d’une MGF/E et d’assurer un suivi de qualité proposés dans le modèle d’Evans et al. (2019) ont servi d’assise pour ce mémoire-practicum. Une recension des écrits sur la scène internationale (n=30) ainsi qu'une revue de dossiers médicaux (n=46) ont fait émerger la difficulté de documenter cette pratique. Plus spécifiquement, des limites dans les dossiers médicaux étaient évidentes quant aux mentions concernant l’identification de la présence d’une MGF/E chez une femme d’une part et pour assurer un suivi adapté aux besoins, en contexte obstétrical, d’autre part. Les résultats confirment un besoin de formation spécifique aux expériences vécues par les femmes ainsi que l’élaboration de protocoles de soins pour soutenir la pratique médicale et infirmière et permettre une collaboration intersectorielle, notamment auprès d’organismes communautaires (Evans et al., 2019). / Globally, more than 200 million women and girls are living with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) (WHO, 2016). Immigration movements involve the presence of increasing numbers of women and girls from countries where FGM/C is practiced in countries where medical and nursing personnel need to reflect upon how to address this topic in a sensitive and respectful manner as well as develop and implement actions and guidelines for follow-up. The purpose of this report is to describe medical and nursing practices in the obstetrical context of a university hospital to identify and provide a follow up to women who have undergone FGM/C. The key elements of identifying the presence of FGM/C and ensuring quality follow-up proposed in the Evans et al. (2019) model inspired the work throughout in this report. An international literature review (n=30) as well as a medical record review (n=46) highlighted the difficulty of documenting this practice. More specifically, limitations in the medical records were evident with respect to the identification of the presence of FGM/C on the one hand, as well as ensuring coherent and sensitive follow-up in an obstetrical context, on the other. The results confirm a need for more training specific to women's experiences as well as the development of care protocols to support medical and nursing practice (Evans et al., 2019). The contribution of intersectoral collaboration, namely community-based organizations was highlighted.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Community Medicine / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

<p>Studien handlar om självskadebeteende. Syftet med undersökningen var att få reda på vilka yttre faktorer som påverkade tre unga tjejer att börja skada sig själva. Forskningen på området anser att personer börjar skada sig själva pågrund av sexuella övergrepp i ung ålder, men det framgår tydligt i resultatet att sexuella övergrepp i detta fall inte påverkade tjejerna i studien. Till grund för tjejernas destruktiva beteende ligger traumatiska händelser i deras uppväxt både i lågstadieålder samt högstadieålder.</p><p>Metoden som användes i studien var semistrukturerade intervjuer eftersom intervjuaren då kan rikta sin fulla uppmärksamhet mot respondenten.</p><p>Resultatet är utformat på ett narrativt sätt vilket gjorde att resultatet kunde presenteras i berättelseform. I resultatet framkom vilka yttre påverkansfaktorer som påverkade tjejerna att börja skada sig, som till exempel föräldrars skilsmässa, eller plötslig död i deras nära omgivning.</p>

No description available.

The problem of vesico-vagina fistula still remains a ravaging scourge in resource-poor countries of which Nigeria is visibly prominent. A majority of the cases are attributed to prolonged complicated labour due to inaccessibility of adequate and immediate obstetric health care. Complicated labour arises as a result of narrow pelvis bones of victims due to suffering from poor nutrition. While the above factors are noted as the direct cause to the prevalent of VVF, there are other socio-cultural conditions which predispose victims to this disease. Notable among them are the following: poverty; marital age; illiteracy; hazardous traditional practices, such as female circumcision. VVF victims often live an unworthy life. Many of them have been abandoned or divorced by their husbands and become ostracised by families and societies because of their repulsive smell and inability to engage in sexual activity and bear children. VVF victims suffer both physical and social consequences, many of them find it difficult to engage in any economic activity, surviving the hardship is very complicated and pathetic; some victims turn to street begging, while others survive through hawking of “bagged” water and selling firewood. Most studies conducted on the problem of Vesico vaginal fistula are done from the medical perspectives, often neglecting the psycho-social consequences faced by the sufferers. This study, however, discusses the socio-cultural and the psychological consequences of the disease. Locally and internationally, attempts are being made to eradicate the problem of VVF, however, if the Nigerian government does not recognise the incidence of VVF as a major public health issue, it will continue to ravage lives of Nigerian women, hence increasing maternal mortality in the country. This study proffers recommendations to help eradicate or alleviate the problem in Nigeria.

Background: Female circumcision or female genital mutilation is a tradition that is carried out mainly in Africa. The intervention refers to that part of- or all of the girl’s external genital organs are removed.  Aim: The study's purpose was to highlight the consequences of female circumcision in the encounter with western health care. Method: A systematic literature reviews was performed as a method. Twelve articles were selected for the study and these were sought in Chinal, PubMed and PsycINFO. Analysis and interpretation was done according to qualitative content analysis, inspired by Lundman and Granheim. Eriksson, Birkler, Dahlberg and Segersten’s nursing theory was used as background in the discussion. Results: The analysis process resulted in six categories: laws and guidelines, offence, communication, knowledge, vulnerability and nursing. The results showed that offence occur extensively against genitally mutilated women and the exposure of these women. The results also showed a strong need for knowledge, laws and guidelines. Conclusions: Health care professionals need to have a basic knowledge of female circumcision and clear guidelines to ensure good care. The nurse should also keep themselves updated of new research and search for knowledge to improve their care.

Archived data was utilized for the present study which examined knowledge about non-suicidal self-injury, or NSSI, in individuals who engage in various degrees of the behavior and those who do not self-injure. Knowledge about NSSI was measured in three groups of respondents: those with no history of self-injurious behavior (no NSSI group), those with more limited experience with NSSI who reported 1-30 incidences of NSSI (limited NSSI group), and those with an extensive history (extensive NSSI group) who reported over 30 incidences of NSSI. To measure knowledge, participants were asked level of agreement with myths and facts about NSSI using Jeffery and Warm’s (2002) knowledge measure. It was hypothesized that the knowledge base would be higher in individuals with more extensive histories of NSSI. Further, individuals with limited histories of NSSI were predicted to have more knowledge than those who have never self-injured. Additionally, this study also hypothesized that the individual item response will vary; depending on extent of NSSI behavior. Group mean scores on the measure were analyzed for differences using a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) while controlling for the differing group demographic variables of age, sexual orientation, and education level. Results indicated that individuals who have more extensive histories of NSSI evidenced higher mean scores on the measure when controlling for age, sexual orientation and educational level. Individuals with limited histories of NSSI evidenced lower mean scores, and those with no history of NSSI evidenced the lowest scores. In regard to individual item response, items were correlated with seven levels of NSSI (no NSSI, one incident of NSSI, 2-4 incidences, 5-10 incidences, 11-20 incidences, 21-30 incidences and more than 30 incidences). It was found that accuracy was significantly correlated with degree of self-injurious behaviors, with the exception of one item. This item and three additional items also produced weak correlations with other items on the measure. Each item is discussed with regard to group item performance and possible deletions in order to strengthen the measure. Overall, the results of this investigation supported the reliability and validity of the Jeffery and Warm (2002) knowledge measure for use with individuals who self-injure. Results are discussed in relation to the need for accurate knowledge about NSSI, the importance of refining and strengthen the measure for this use, and additional research directions.