The presence of both narcissism and social capital in the digital social networking site Facebook is altering the dynamic of relationship development. Therefore, the central research question directing this study is as follows: What role do narcissistic personality traits play in bridging social capital on Facebook? From this, two sub-questions are raised: 1) What are the motives for users to express narcissistic traits through Facebook? 2) How is narcissistic-motivated activity influencing social capital development through Facebook? Guiding this thesis are concepts of social tie relationships (as they apply to narcissism), and digital social networks. An exploratory study of in-depth interviews was utilized to conduct such research. A key objective in this thesis is understanding motive and purpose for generating social capital in an online environment. The findings from this study suggest Facebook is a facilitator for the expression of narcissistic traits. As a result, this is influencing the disconnected and questionable value of digital social capital.

Through theoretical research, the present work sought to analyze the subjective effects of the culture of narcissism in the relations of social inequality. From the Freudian concept of narcissism, it seeks to contribute with the expansion to comprehension of contemporary culture in dialogue with other knowledge areas. In particular, it focuses on the social humiliation while experience psychic suffering from failures at the relational and social field. From Joel Birman psychoanalytic thinking, the narcissism effects in contemporaneity are also discussed. The exacerbated emphasis on individuality and private relationships are manifested by indifference and denial of otherness. In addition, it is considered that the weakening of social ties in the narcissism culture occurs particularly intensely in the context of inequality and social hierarchies. In the hierarchy of social classes, economic power and access to consumer goods are references for the positioning of subjects, reiterating inequalities that foster invisibility, exclusion and humiliation, which is materialized in shared spaces. The discussion point out that social humiliation articulates with the economy of narcissism in two axes, in reference to the two subjective positions involved. On the one hand, the exaltation exacerbated of ' I ' generates the ground for the humiliation of the other one that is perceived as inferior, at the time that his devaluation strengthens narcissism by affirming and maintaining the superiority of oneself. Still, the narcissist investment of the humiliated subject is altered when he is struck by a blow that degrades him, representing a threat to his psychic integrity. The study seeks to contribute with contemporary psychoanalytic thinking as a theoretical device in the interface between psychoanalysis and society, with repercussions for clinical practice. Intends, furthermore, to collaborate with the comprehension of these situations through its visibility and denaturalization in the social field, in which are also posed the possibilities of solutions and transformation. / Através de pesquisa teórica, o presente trabalho buscou analisar efeitos subjetivos da cultura do narcisismo nas relações de desigualdade social. Partindo do conceito freudiano de narcisismo, busca contribuir com sua expansão para a compreensão da cultura contemporânea, em diálogo com outras áreas do conhecimento. Em particular, focaliza a humilhação social enquanto experiência de sofrimento psíquico resultante de falhas no campo relacional e social. A partir do pensamento psicanalítico de Joel Birman, são discutidos os efeitos do narcisismo na cultura contemporânea. Verifica-se uma ênfase exacerbada na individualidade e nas soluções privadas que se manifesta pela indiferença e negação da alteridade. Além disso, considera-se que o enfraquecimento dos laços sociais na cultura do narcisismo se dá de maneira particularmente acentuada no contexto de desigualdade e hierarquias sociais. Na hierarquia de classes sociais, o poder econômico e o acesso aos bens de consumo são referências para o posicionamento dos sujeitos, reiterando as desigualdades e estabelecendo modos de sociabilidade que fomentam a invisibilidade, a exclusão e a humilhação, as quais se materializam nos espaços compartilhados. Fragmentos de observações e depoimentos de sujeitos que se posicionam na condição de humilhado, registrados pelo psicólogo social José Gonçalves Moura Filho, foram utilizados para reiterar o profundo sofrimento vivenciado na realidade social brasileira. A discussão aponta que a humilhação social se articula com a economia do narcisismo em dois eixos, em referência às duas posições subjetivas envolvidas. Por um lado, a exaltação exacerbada do eu gera o terreno propício para a humilhação do outro percebido como inferior, ao tempo em que o seu rebaixamento fortalece o narcisismo pela afirmação e manutenção da superioridade de si. Por outro lado, o investimento narcísico do sujeito humilhado é alterado ao ser atingido por um golpe que o degrada, representando uma ameaça à sua integridade psíquica. O estudo busca contribuir com o pensamento psicanalítico contemporâneo como dispositivo teórico na interface entre psicanálise e sociedade, com repercussões para a prática clínica. Pretende, ainda, colaborar com a compreensão dessas situações através da sua visibilização e desnaturalização no campo social, no qual se colocam também as possibilidades de soluções e transformação.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:09:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_claudia_zuanela.pdf: 546525 bytes, checksum: e675a43a34c255dd5b473c22d0c98f1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / This theoretical research came from the interest in studying love passion, mainly in its páthic sense. Starting with its etymology from Classic Greek s word páthos which means passivity and suffering and is also the root of pathology, we used Freudian metapsychology to study some of love passion destinies related to its pathologycal aspects, beginning with the idea that in it, the object in put on the subject´s ideal ego. This gives passion a particular psychic dynamic. We concluded that may there be three kind of love passion: one that gives place to love (endearment), one that finishes with no great damages by self-combustion (catchment) and pathological passion, which destiny is to be prisoner of fixation, excess, pain. We tarried on the third kind of love passion, researching some of its consequences: pathological narcissism, melancholy, lack of otherness, alienation, fetishism. / Esta pesquisa teórica surgiu do interesse em estudar a paixão, especialmente no seu sentido pático. Partimos da sua etimologia originada do termo páthos da Grécia Clássica que tem o sentido de passividade e sofrimento e é igualmente o radical de patologia. Utilizamos a metapsicologia freudiana para estudar alguns dos destinos marcados pelos aspectos patológicos da paixão, começando com a ideia de que no apaixonamento o objeto é colocado no lugar do ego ideal do sujeito, lhe caracterizando uma dinâmica psíquica particular. Concluímos que pode haver três tipos de paixão: aquela que dá lugar ao amor (enamoramento), aquela que termina sem maiores danos, por autocombustão (arrebatamento) e a paixão patológica, cujo destino é ficar aprisionado à fixidez, ao excesso, ao sofrimento. Nos detivemos nesse terceiro tipo de paixão, pesquisando alguns dos seus desdobramentos: o narcisismo patológico, a melancolia, a negação da alteridade, a alienação e o fetichismo.

This thesis demonstrates how the film High Fidelity successfully adapts the book through both point of view and the sound track to reveal Rob's narcissism and his growth as a character.

Tax evasion is a serious issue that influences governmental revenues, IRS enforcement strategies, and tax policy decisions. While audits are the most effective method of enforcing compliance, they are expensive to conduct and the IRS is only able to audit a fraction of the returns filed each year. This suggests that audits alone are not sufficient to curb the billions of dollars of tax evaded by taxpayers each year and that a better understanding of factors influencing compliance decisions is needed to enable policymakers to craft tax policies that maximize voluntary compliance. Prior research tends to model compliance as economic, environmental, or personal decisions; however, this study models it as a multifaceted decision where these three perspective individually and interactively influence compliance. It is the first to decompose perceived detection risk into two dimensions (selection risk and enforcement risk) and investigates how these two dimensions of risk, decision domains (refund or tax due positions), and three personal factors (mental accounting, narcissism, and proactivity) influence taxpayers’ compliance decisions. I conducted a 2x2 fully crossed experiment involving 331 self-employed taxpayers. These taxpayers have opportunities to evade that employed taxpayers do not. For example, they can earn cash income that is not reported to the IRS by third parties. For self-employed taxpayers (especially those wanting to evade), perceived selection and enforcement risks may be distinctly different depending on a taxpayer’s situation, what they believe they can control, and what risk they are willing to accept. For example, selection risk may be perceived as the greatest risk for those with unreported items on their return, while enforcement risk may be more prominent for those perceiving certain levels of selection risk. Thus, I believe self-employed taxpayers are the most appropriate population to sample from and are likely have reasonable variation in the three personal factors of interest. I find that taxpayers do differentiate between selection and enforcement risks but the difference only manifests for taxpayers in certain decision domains. Taxpayers in a refund position (i.e. conservative mindset) had a greater sensitivity to the form of payment (cash vs. check) and appeared to use this information to make inferences about enforcement risk which was significantly different from their perceptions of selection risk. Conversely, tax due taxpayers (i.e. aggressive mindset) appeared to overlook the form of payment and did not assess these two risks as significantly different. Evaluating the full sample suggests that both selection risk and enforcement risk have a positive influence on compliance. Further, these risks interact to influence compliance. Specifically, compliance is greatest when taxpayers perceive a high likelihood of being selected for an audit and enforcement risk only matters when selection risk is low. This finding is interesting and suggests that avoiding interaction with the IRS is a primary objective of taxpayers. In line with my findings of taxpayers perceiving different risks in refund and tax due positions, the influence of risk perceptions on compliance differed for taxpayers in these positions. Refund taxpayers were influenced by both selection and enforcement risk, similar to the full model; however, tax due taxpayers were only influenced by selection risk and appeared to completely overlook enforcement risk when making their reporting decision. Lastly, the study shows that personal characteristics can also influence compliance in the presence of economic and environmental determinants, but some characteristics only manifest in specific decision domains. Of the three personal characteristics investigated, only mental accounting orientation was a significant predictor for the full sample. When the sample was split by decision domain, only proactivity was a predictor of compliance for refund taxpayers, while only mental accounting orientation was a predictor of compliance for due taxpayers. While I did not find results for narcissism and compliance, my subsequent analysis suggests that individual dimensions of narcissism may be better predictors of compliance than the full measure. Specifically, the exploitation dimension was a significant predictor of compliance for those in a tax due position. This study make several contributions to the accounting and tax literatures. First, this study provides support for a two-construct conceptualization for perceived detection risk that includes both selection and enforcement risks. Second, it answers calls to investigate more comprehensive compliance models and finds economic, environmental, and personal characteristics individually and interactively influence compliance. Third, this study investigates three personal factors that have not been investigated in the tax compliance literature. Finally, this study answers calls for research on self-employed taxpayers and suggests that the IRS will be more successful in increasing compliance by playing on taxpayers’ aversion to being selected for an examination than communicating information on the IRS’ ability to detect noncompliance during an examination.

Plusieurs études ont déjà relevé la place singulière qu’occupe le personnage dans la dramaturgie de Larry Tremblay. Les œuvres de cet auteur québécois regorgent effectivement d’individus tourmentés par l’environnement dans lequel ils évoluent. Durant les 20 dernières années, la thématique des médias a particulièrement été l’objet de l’attention de l’auteur. En créant des pièces ayant comme centre l’univers médiatique, Larry Tremblay entreprend de poser un regard critique sur cet aspect important touchant la société actuelle. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, l’objectif est donc d’étudier plus spécifiquement les différents personnages du dramaturge lorsque ceux-ci sont placés dans des contextes où ils sont envahis par les médias. Il s’agira de montrer comment le dramaturge expose les effets néfastes du pouvoir des médias en abordant la question du regard, de la banalité, du vide, du narcissisme ainsi que de la désillusion marquant l’époque contemporaine. L’analyse des œuvres Ogre (1995), Téléroman (1997) et Grande écoute (2015) permettra de montrer que c’est par l’intermédiaire de personnages dont l’identité se morcelle et se transforme, que Larry Tremblay expose les conséquences les plus importantes qu’entraine la société médiatique sur l’individu. L’objet de ce mémoire est de saisir l’évolution de la pensée de l’auteur à l’égard des médias et de comprendre comment ses personnages ont évolué au fil du temps parallèlement au domaine médiatique. / Many studies have already examined the singular place occupied by the character in Larry Tremblay’s dramaturgy. This Quebec author’s works are filled with many individuals who are deeply affected by the environment they live in. For the past 20 years, the playwright’s particular interest in the theme of media has been observed. By creating plays in which the media are at the forefront, Larry Tremblay takes a critical look at an important aspect of current society. In the context of this thesis, the objective is therefore to study more specifically Tremblay’s characters who are in environments pervaded by the media. In order to show how the author exposes the negative impacts of the power of the media, we will address the question of the gaze, the banality, the void, the narcissism, as well as that of the disillusion that touches our time. The analysis of Ogre (1995), Téléroman (1997) and Grande écoute (2015) will demonstrate that it is through characters whose identity is crumbling and changing that Larry Tremblay denounces the most disastrous consequences stemming from the media for individuals. The purpose of this thesis is to grasp the evolution of the author’s thought regarding media and to understand how his characters have evolved over time alongside the media.

Existe, en la literatura académica del área de gestión, una controversia acerca de cómo los rasgos o características de autopercepción / autoestima elevada (inclusive con tendencias narcisistas) de los altos directivos afecta positiva o negativamente en las organizaciones. Por tanto, cabe hacerse la pregunta: ¿cuáles son los efectos de la autopercepción del CEO en las organizaciones? El presente Substantial Research Paper (SRP) tiene como objetivo principal analizar cuáles son los efectos de la autopercepción del CEO en las organizaciones. Para lo cual, esta investigación se realizó bajo la selección de artículos académicos que poseen alto factor de impacto (FI) y están publicados en revistas indexadas. Como consecuencia del análisis de los artículos, se ha desarrollado una breve descripción de los conceptos relacionados a la percepción de los CEO, así como las principales teorías relacionadas como marco de referencia del conocimiento. Asimismo, se describe cómo han evolucionado los indicadores de medición del narcisismo en el management. Finalmente, se exponen los efectos positivos y negativos que generan contar con un CEO con autopercepción elevada o tendencia narcisista en las organizaciones, en la búsqueda de exponer la controversia identificada sobre la existencia de posiciones encontradas por diferentes autores en esta materia. / There is a controversy in the academic literature of the Management area about how the traits or characteristics of self-perception / high self-esteem (even with narcissistic tendencies) of senior managers positively or negatively affect organizations. Therefore, it is worth asking the question: What are the effects of the CEO’s self-perception in organizations? The present Substantial Research Paper (SRP) has as its main objective to analyze what are the effects of the CEO's self-perception in organizations. For which, this research was carried out under the selection of academic articles that have a high impact factor (FI) and are published in indexed journals. As a result of the analysis of the articles, a brief description of the concepts related to the perception of CEOs has been developed, as well as the main theories related as a frame of reference for knowledge. Likewise, it describes how the indicators for measuring narcissism in Management have evolved. Finally, the positive and negative effects generated by having a CEO with high self-perception or a narcissistic tendency in organizations are exposed, in the search to expose the controversy identified about the existence of positions found by different authors in this matter. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

[pt] Os estados-limite têm feito parte da literatura psicanalítica desde os primórdios da psicanálise. A partir da última metade do século passado, entretanto, o interesse pelo assunto aumentou consideravelmente e a produção de artigos e matérias vem tomando um vulto cada vez maior. Não obstante, a polêmica em torno do tema parece também crescer na mesma proporção. Este trabalho apresenta um pequeno histórico do termo estados- limite e algumas controvérsias nos diferentes meios psicanalíticos, principalmente no que diz respeito às relações entre a clínica dos estados-limite e a das personalidades narcísicas. São tratadas também questões ligadas à constituição da subjetividade e à sua incidência na clínica dos estados-limite. Finalmente, são revistas algumas patologias limítrofes e alguns aspectos clínicos importantes, como as implicações transferenciais e contratransferenciais dos estados-limite. A preferência pelo termo estados-limite tem por objetivo ampliar o escopo que outros termos, tais como casos-limite, ou distúrbios limítrofes, possam sugerir. Enquanto que estes últimos possuem conotações marcantemente patológicas, pertencendo, portanto a uma clínica psicanalítica específica, o termo estados-limite permite também designar situações com características semelhantes, porém episódicas e suscetíveis de ocorrer em qualquer tipo de clínica psicanalítica, inclusive a da neurose. / [en] Borderline conditions have been part of psychoanalytical literature since the early stages of psychoanalysis. However, since the second half of the last century, interest in this subject has grown considerably and there has been a steady increase in the number of articles and essays published. Nevertheless, polemic around this theme seems also to grow in the same proportion. This work covers a brief history of the term borderline and some of the controversies in the different psychoanalytical environments, principally as to the relationship between the borderline treatment and that of narcissistic personalities. Issues regarding the constitution of subjectivity and its incidence in the borderline therapy are also dealt with. Finally, some forms of borderline pathology and important clinical aspects, such as transference and counter transference implications, are reviewed. The preference for the term borderline conditions aims to broaden the scope that other terms, such as borderline cases or borderline disturbances may suggest. While these latter possess strong pathological connotations, belonging, therefore, to a specific psychoanalytical treatment, the term borderline conditions allows for the designation of situations with similar characteristics, although episodic and liable to occur in any type of psychoanalytical treatment, including the neurotic.

La littérature analytique tend à situer l'enjeu du désir de la femme comme celui d'être désirée, c'est-à-dire à réduire l'expression de son désir à celui d'un consentement au désir de l'Autre. Mais que se trame-t-il du désir chez la femme, au-delà du consentement à « se faire objet » ? Il n'est là nullement question de dégager un désir féminin pur, mais bien de repérer les spécificités de la mise en jeu du désir chez la femme dans la relation sexuelle, c'est-à-dire d'explorer les enjeux et les angoisses spécifiques à l'expression de son désir, au regard de son inscription particulière dans la castration et de la place que lui assigne la relation sexuelle. La dimension du désir féminin ne semble pas pouvoir être abordée indépendamment de la façon dont chaque femme se confronte à la possible mise en énigme de la féminité, telle que celle-ci émerge, ou non, à travers le ravage de la relation à la mère. Le déploiement d'une réflexion sur les avatars de la construction de la féminité – dont l'étude du ravage se prolonge par l'exploration des vicissitudes du rapport de la femme à l'image et au corps – constitue donc le préalable nécessaire à l'abord de la problématique du désir. S'ouvrirait ainsi le repérage de trois logiques soutenant le mode particulier avec lequel la femme « se fait objet » : la logique du tout ou rien, relative à un traitement de l'énigme de la féminité saturée par un idéal et un appel au savoir ; la logique du court-circuit, révélant la non-advenue de la féminité comme énigme, féminité de l'ordre du trou noir ; la logique du pas-tout, signant l'acceptation de cette énigme et la latitude que génère cette négociation quant à l'angoisse. / The psychoanalytic literature tends to locate women's desire stake as to be desired, that is reducing her desire's expression to a consent of the Other's desire. But what weaves beyond the consent of « making oneself an object » ? There's not about distinguish a pure feminine desire, but to identify the specificities of a women desire playing in sexual relationship ; that is, to explore the specific stakes and angst of desire's expression, regarding her special registration in castration and the place that the sexual relatioshipn assigns her. The feminine desire's dimension can not be tackled regardless of the way each women confront herself to the mystery of femininity – as it emerges or not through the ravage of the mother's relation. The deployment of a thought based on the transformations of feminine construction forms the condition necessary to approach the problematic focusing on desire – the study on ravage explores the tribulations of women's relation to image en body. It is then possible to distinguish three logics by which women « make themselves an object » : the everything or nothing logic, the mystery of femininity is here saturated by an ideal and a call of knowledge ; the short-circuit logic , femininity is here approached on the bases of a black hole ; the not-all logic, based on the acceptation of this mystery and the latitude that this negotiation generates.

The dissertation thesis focuses on the topic of individualism and non-clinical narcissism. The issue is seen first in the broad context of social sciences and also the results of empirical researches published hitherto are summarized in the first part. Subsequently, based on three questionnaire surveys (two of them have representative character), is researched the incidence of individualism and non-clinical narcissism in the Czech population as well as the interaction between these two phenomena. For the purposes of measuring of their incidence we adopted the scale of individualism and collectivism (INDCOL) and constructed our own valid instrument for measuring non-clinical narcissism. In the text there is also described the process of construction and application of these two instruments. The thesis pursues also wider consequences of non-clinical narcissism, emphasizing one's self-conception, sexual life, partner and other interpersonal relationships, professional life and occurrence of social-pathological behaviour.