Diploma-work themed {\clqq}Český Rudolec in the 20th century`` is basically dedicated to the commune of Český Rudolec, its neigbourhoods and events, that influenced its life. Diploma-work starts with brief historical overview of development of Český Rudolec from it´s beginnings till the start of 20th century. The era of years 1900 {--} 1918 and the age of the {\clqq}first Czechoslovak republic`` follows. Focus of this diploma-work rests on description of event in 30s and 40s of the 20th century. Main attention is paid to events of 1938 and consecutive germanic occupation of Czech border regions, furthermore to the year 1945, end of the war, along with serious theme of displacement of residents with German nationality and consecutive re-settlement of commune. Next chapter is dedicated to years 1948 {--} 1989 and to development after year 1989. Following chapters of diploma-work are dedicated to important personalities of cummune and its region, to fates of Jewish residents, sights, especially to the castle, and to schools in Český Rudolec. There are appendixes at the end of diploma-work, containing mainly contemporary photos and postcards for illustration and futher refinements of the diploma-work. This diploma-work results from study of national and regional literature and conterporary sources (archive materials, communal chronicle, memories of eyewitnesses).

A circulação de pessoas pelo mundo é facilitada, na contemporaneidade, pelos avanços tecnológicos, porém, ao mesmo tempo, sofre restrições por questões econômicas. Entende-se que a restrição ao ingresso do estrangeiro não mais pode acontecer por decisão totalmente livre do Estado receptor; isso porque as normas internacionais de direitos humanos limitam essa liberdade, ao impedir que ele decida sobre o ingresso de forma desprovida de amarras. Três teorias explicam a relação do Estado com o direito de ingresso. A teoria vitoriana, desenvolvida por Francisco de Vitória, defende que há liberdade total de circulação de pessoas pelo mundo, havendo espaço para restrição tão somente quando a circulação, comprovadamente, causar dano ao Estado receptor do migrante. A teoria do livre arbítrio absoluto do Estado, por sua vez, entende que não existe direito de ingresso e a decisão do Estado não é passível de discussão, pois faz parte do exercício da sua soberania. Atenta às mudanças ocorridas no mundo, inclusive no que tange à soberania, a teoria do controle das decisões estatais, desenvolvida nesta tese, propugna que a decisão tem de ser fundamentada e não pode ignorar os avanços dos direitos humanos e que, portanto, o Estado deve usar a lógica das escolhas trágicas para decidir sobre o ingresso, não havendo mais espaço para uma decisão sem limites. A atuação livre do Estado sofre uma releitura para que suas decisões passem por controle e suas ações sejam interpretadas sob a égide dos direitos humanos. Também experimenta restrições a liberdade dada ao Estado de determinar quem há de se ter por seu nacional, não mais adstrita à sua vontade. São emblemáticos o caso Nottebohm, no qual a Corte Internacional de Justiça impôs limites à concessão de nacionalidade, determinando que ela deve ser contínua, e o caso dos decretos de nacionalidade da Tunísia e do Marrocos, em que a Corte Permanente de Justiça Internacional também se manifestou sobre o tema. Este estudo faz uma análise de como a questão da entrada de estrangeiros é tratada em alguns países do mundo e de como o tema é vislumbrado no Brasil. O trabalho utiliza como fontes de pesquisa a revisão da literatura nacional e estrangeira, a legislação pertinente ao tema, como o Estatuto dos Estrangeiros, a Constituição Federal brasileira, bem como decisões e pareceres consultivos internacionais, além do uso da técnica do direito comparado, exame do direito comparado. / If, on the one hand, technology makes travelling easier, on the other, economic matters restrict peoples movement around the world. This thesis defends that restrictions on foreign entry cannot be let to the States sole discretion anymore. The reason for this is that international Human rights rules limit that discretion, attaching strings to the State action. Three theories explain how the States face the right of entry. First, the Vitorian theory, developed by Francisco de Vitória, defends peoples total freedom of movement around the world, while restrictions to this right would be possible only if enough evidence is shown that the migrant could cause damages to the receiving State. Second, the State Total Discretion theory holds that there is no such thing as a right of entry, and the States decision cannot be questioned, because it is the expression of its sovereignty. Last, responsive to the world changes, including on sovereignty, the theory of the Control of the States Decisions, here developed, argues that the State decision has to be justified on solid grounds, and cannot ignore the development of Human rights. Therefore, the State must use the tragic choices rational in order to decide about ones right of entry, with no room for total discretion. According to this thesis, States decisions have to be controlled and its actions must be interpreted under the Human rights aegis. Moreover, this thesis argues that there cannot be total discretion on States decision of classifying someone as a national or a foreigner. Supporting this idea are the emblematic cases of Nottebohm, on which the International Court of Justice imposed limits to the granting of nationality, upholding that this granting has to be continuous, and the case of nationality decrees of Tunisia and Morocco, on which the Permanent Court of International Justice has spoken on the subject. This study examines how the issue of foreign entry is treated in some Countries, specially in Brazil. To do so, this thesis uses as source the Brazilian and overseas literature contained on books, scientific articles and Law.

The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on election results in the municipal elections in the Czech Republic in 2014 Abstract This thesis is focus on the sociodemographic structure of the voters and its influence in municipal elections in the Czech Republic in 2014. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze and evaluate electoral behavior of the population in local politics. The aim is also to define which characteristics are the most important for their decision. The thesis is focused on the parties which are the current members of Czech Parliament. Then the parties were divided into three groups of the political spectrum (left, right and center). The thesis will gradually focus on the subdiscipline of electoral geography (its definition and the development), on the municipal elections and on the development of the Parliamentary parties in the three theoretical chapters. The analysis will examine the relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and the election results. The relationships will be examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Multiple Regression. Spatial issue will then explore IDW method. Keywords: electoral geography, election, election results, municipality, age, nationality, level of education, religion, unemployment

The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to a deeper understanding of how the national community is reproduced and delineated in relation to class, gender and racialisation. It uses a qualitative methodology and interviews with people chosen to represent an economic margin, and is theoretically informed by Pierre Bourdieu, Beverly Skeggs and others. In interviewees’ accounts about work life and societal change, traces are found regarding how the national community is delineated, and how value for the community is claimed or denied. The main findings are that a national community is connected through the idea of value for the community, and that the dominating ideas concerning this value change over time in accordance with economic, political and discursive processes. Recognition is a condition for access to the labour market and for the right to contribute to the future of the community. The values and the community are not homogenous; there is room for competing values and thus competing ways of recognition. Those with less recognised resources get their value for the community questioned in relation to current hegemonic values. Adaptability to the needs of the labour market in terms of expectations of geographic flexibility and the right attitude are common demands that implicitly presumes economic and social resources. Misrecognition of resources and value also relate to the social process of racialisation. Whiteness can be regarded as the result of recognised national inclusion in a country such as Sweden where the ideal of light skin and blue eyes have gained hegemonic position through history. Class relations as well as male domination over women works through the same mechanisms of misrecognition and excluded experiences.

Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie were the most successful British women writers of their time. Christie and Blyton were contemporaries, living and writing in the United Kingdom during the first half of the twentieth century. This study takes into consideration these similarities in its examination of the depiction of dominant discourses in relation to emergent, alternative and oppositional discourses in their writing. This thesis suggests that while Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie offer alternatives to the dominant patriarchal discourses of the British Empire in the first half of the twentieth century, they show allegiance, too, to the dominant discourses of their time. Specific consideration is given to the portrayal of discourses concerned with gender, feminism, classism, British colonialism, racism, and xenophobia in their writing. The work of Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie was extremely popular in their time and still is today. Their important contribution to popular literature in England in the early twentieth century justifies a study of a selection of their work in relation to detective fiction and children’s literature as well as to studies of social history that include the investigation of how dominant discourse is both endorsed and challenged. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / English / unrestricted

The present work undertakes a comprehensive evaluation of Prague's interwar architecture made by German-speaking architects. It works with a methodological framework built on three overlapping and intertwining layers. The first layer introduces the socio-political- historical-cultural conditions of the origin of architecture in Prague. It presents Prague as the main centre of the Czechoslovak Republic, specifies the role of the Prague City Hall, approaches the Jewish question, discusses Prague bilingualism and details the main platforms for German-speaking architects. The second layer divides the heterogeneous group of German-speaking architects according to their cultural circles and demonstrates the specifics of each cultural circle based on several case studies. Architects Rudolf Hildebrand, Adolf Foehr and Fritz Lehmann were chosen for the German cultural circle. In the circuit on the borderline between the Czech and German cultural environments, the architects are always presented in pairs: Erwin Katona - Berthold Schwarz, Ernst Mühlstein / Viktor Fürth - Otto and Karl Kohn and Rudolf Wels - Martin Reiner. The third layer of the work discusses Prague's German architecture in a broader perspective and places it within the European framework of German architecture. This framework is based on the...

Reality TV is a well-appreciated concept in the world of entertainment. The purpose of this study is to approach the viewing of reality television, with the intention to explore if men and women react to and interpret gender roles differently in a chosen reality TV show. Further social factors, such as nationality, age, sexuality and education will simultaneously play a crucial part in the analysis. The Swedish adaption of the well-known format The Bachelor was chosen for this case study to examine if the situations in the show would provoke different reactions and interpretations among the respondents. The thesis delivers two qualitative methodological approaches to capture the reactions and interpretations among the test persons. A focus group discussion with eight Finnish men and women was conducted along with eight individual interviews with Swedish men and women, with the intention of gaining insightful and valuable knowledge regarding how men and women interpret what they see. The study’s findings suggest that there are both differences and similarities among men and women in their reactions and interpretations of gender roles in the chosen show, and that further social factors aid and affect in constructing the different interpretations.

This dissertation is focused on the transfer of citizens of German nationality after the Second World War from the borderlands of the North Moravian Velké Losiny village as well as on the impact of this transfer on the current community in Velké Losiny. The goal of this dissertation is to learn whether the transfer of the former German community from Velké Losiny and the resettlement with new residents influences the newly created community and how. A comparative study was created to support this goal and compare the originally populated Bludov village and the newly populated Velké Losiny village. Their development was analysed in seven periods (to 1918; 1918-1938; 1938-1945; 1945-1948; 1948-1960; 1960-1989; 1989 until today) and in eleven categories (population, nationality, regional origin, political orientation, administration, settlement type, living conditions and architecture, popular culture, languages of daily communication, relationship towards their home). These categories were selected on the basis of studies and research undertaken in the North Moravian, South Moravian and Bohemian borderlands describing the influence of the resettlement of the German population. Data used to describe the development of these villages has been collected from chronicles and other annals deposited in the...

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Bakgrund; Mångfald har under en lång tid varit ett högaktuellt begrepp inom näringslivet. Senaste åren har mångfalden i näringslivet fått mer uppmärksamhet, inte minst i bolagsstyrelser. En växande global marknad har lett till att mångfalden uppmärksammas alltmer. Förespråkarna för mångfald menar att det bidrar till bättre bolagsprestationer medan kritikerna menar att mångfald kan leda till försämrad kommunikation och försämrad konkurrensförmåga. Idag är Sverige ett heterogent land, kan heterogeniteten återfinnas i svenska styrelser och kan olika ägartyper förklara mångfalden i styrelsen.  Syfte; Uppsatsens syfte är att förklara om och i så fall hur olika ägartyper kan påverkamångfalden i bolagsstyrelser på den svenska börsmarknaden. Metod; Uppsatsen har en deduktiv forskningsansats, där en modell är grunden som förklarar hur mångfalden utgår ifrån agentteorin, resursberoendeteorin, upper echelon teorin, legitimitetsteorin och gruppkonfliktteorin. Kvantitativa forskningsmetoden bygger på svenskstyrelse-, ägar- och finansiell data från 2021.  Slutsatser; Uppsatsen kan konstatera att ägartyper inte kan förklara mångfalden i styrelsen. Uppsatsen ser istället homosocial reproduktion och upper echelon teorin som en möjlig förklaring till att styrelser ser ut som de gör. Styrelser i Sverige är homogena och det krävs stora förändringar för att de skall spegla svenska samhället på bättre sätt. / Bakground; Diversity has for a long time been a topic of discussion. In recent years, diversity in the business community has received more attention, not least in company boards. A growing global market has led to increasing attention to diversity. Proponents of diversity believe that it contributes to better corporate performance, while critics believe that diversity can lead to impaired communication and impaired competitiveness. Today, Sweden is a heterogeneous country, the question is if heterogeneity can be found in Swedish boards and if different types of ownership can explain the diversity of the board. Purpose; The purpose of the thesis is to explain if and how different types of owners can explain the diversity of board of directors in the Swedish stock market. Method; The thesis has a deductive research approach, where a theoretical model is the basis that explains how diversity is based on agent theory, resource dependency theory, upper echelon theory, legitimacy theory and group conflict theory. The quantitative research method is based on Swedish board-, ownership- and financial data from 2021. Conclusion; The thesis can state that ownership types can not explain the diversity of the board. The thesis instead sees homosocial reproduction and the upper echelon theory as a possible recruitment to make boards look the way they do. Boards in Sweden are homogeneous and major changes are required for them to reflect Swedish society in a better way.