La reconstruction post-catastrophe est apparue relativement récemment dans la littérature scientifique des risques. On a longtemps fait, en France et dans les pays développés, comme si les sommes d’argent drainées par le processus d’indemnisation et par la solidarité étaient suffisantes pour reconstruire efficacement. Pourtant, la récurrence des catastrophes, parfois sur les mêmes territoires, interroge l’efficacité des logiques préventives. Notre approche de la reconstruction est systémique et vise l’analyse des interactions entre risques, sociétés et territoires. L’étude des phases du processus de reconstruction par le biais d’un retour d’expérience à moyen et long terme permet d’en dégager des règles, et de définir de « bonnes et mauvaises pratiques » au regard des objectifs de la réduction des risques et du développement durable. Le manque d’anticipation, les nombreuses incertitudes qui pèsent sur les acteurs et l’urgence dans laquelle sont prises les décisions conduisent dans de nombreux cas à une persistance des risques et au creusement des écarts sociaux. Lorsqu’une éthique préventive est intégrée dans le processus, elle reste ponctuelle et marginale, la règle étant la reproduction des systèmes socio-spatiaux préexistants. Le processus de reconstruction n’a pas pour point de départ un « état zéro », il est soumis à des contraintes territoriales et politiques, et doit permettre d’apporter une réponse adaptée aux besoins des communautés sinistrées. Ainsi, pour faire de la reconstruction post-catastrophe une opportunité préventive, un effort d'anticipation est nécessaire – bien que nécessairement limité – il doit être accompagné d’une planification ex post. / The post-disaster reconstruction has emerged relatively recently in the hazards’ scientific literature. It has long been, in France and in developed countries, as if the amounts of money drained by the compensation process and solidarity were sufficient to recover efficiently. However the recurrence of disasters, sometimes in the same territories, questioned the effectiveness of preventive logic. Our approach of the reconstruction is systemic and aims at analyzing the interactions between risk, societies and territories. The study of the reconstruction process periods through a medium and long-term feedback allows to define the operating rules, and to define "good and bad practices" regarding the objectives of risk reduction and sustainable development. The lack of anticipation, the several uncertainties and the emergency in which the decisions are taken are leading, in many cases, to risk persistence and to increase the social gaps. When preventive ethics is integrated into the process remains punctual and marginal, the rule being the reproduction of existing socio-spatial systems. The reconstruction process does not start from a "zero state", it is subject to territorial and political constraints, and must lead to make an appropriate response to the needs of affected communities. Thus, in order to make the post-disaster reconstruction a preventive opportunity, an anticipatory effort is needed - though necessarily limited - it must be accompanied by an ex post planning.

As climate change becomes more destructive to our planet, some governments have taken action towards a more sustainable future. One being the UK, where a Climate Emergency was declared in 2019, which affects public corporations and news outlets. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how do news reports portray natural disasters from an eco-linguistic perspective. This qualitative study focuses on analysing data regarding the 2019-2020 wildfires in Australia through the linguistic choices made in the texts by incorporating a combination of corpus linguistics, eco-linguistics and media discourse. The corpus under investigation consists of 41,055 words collected from 4 different UK-based news outlets. In order to analyse the data, I chose three search words (fire, climate and animal) to further investigate by using both corpus- and eco-linguistics. The results showcase a consistent pattern within the selected search words: fire and climate are portrayed as threats whereas animals are portrayed as victims. Yet, the most remarkable finding is regarding climate, as it is viewed as a cause rather than an effect caused by human actions. This study is a step towards a better understanding of climate change in news reporting; providing an insight on what the discourse is lacking but should be included.

Natural disasters and conflicts are not gender neutral. They have a different impact on women, girls, boys and men, deepening and intensifying already existing, socially constructed, cultural norms and gender roles. However, crisis represents a “turning point” that shakes balances and traditions, unbalancing the fixed social structure, leaving room for women to exit the crisis empowered, rather than wounded. A systemic integration of a gender-sensitive approach into humanitarian and disaster reliefs operations wound tackle pre-existing inequalities, ensuring an effective quality response and recover from disasters.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge of the complexity of a crisis team consisting of multiple government. Furthermore, the consequences of the complexity on the sensemaking and sensegiving processes, regarding the crisis team in a natural disaster. Method: To be able to answer the questions regarding this study, the empirical data has been collected through six (6) interviews. The researchers for this study have applied a case study on the floodings of Mälaren December 2019. Therefore, the interviews have been done with the persons within this crisis team. Empiricism and Analysis: The theoretical framework that has been applied for the analysis of this study consists of three main topics, complexity, sensemaking and sensegiving. Conclusions: The final conclusions of this study identify that there are multiple factors of complexity that affect the sensemaking and sensegiving process. These complexity factors are: routines, preexperiences, excellence in specific field, terminology, missions, mandate and hierarchy. These complexity factors create frictions and possibilities for the crisis team in regard of the consequences of the complexity factors on the sensemaking and sensegiving processes. / Syfte: Syftet med studien är att skapa en ökad förståelse för komplexitetens påverkan på den meningsskapande och meningsgivande processen. Samt hur detta påverkar en krisgrupp bestående av flertalet myndigheter i en hantering av en naturkatastrof. Metod: För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har det empiriska materialet samlats in genom en kvalitativ metod, i form av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. Då forskarna för denna studie har tillämpat en fallstudie grundar sig studien på översvämningskriserna i december 2019. Därmed genomfördes intervjuerna på respondenter som representerade olika myndigheter som samverkat i detta fall. Empiri och analys: Det underlag som använts till studiens analys är den teoretiska referensramen som omfattar litteratur om komplexitet, meningsskapande och meningsgivande. Slutsatser: De slutsatser som identifierades var att komplexa faktorer hade en påverkan på meningsskapande och meningsgivande processerna. Dessa huvudsakliga faktorer identifierades som: rutiner, tidigare erfarenheter, spetskompetenser, terminologier, uppdrag, mandat och hierarki. Dessa komplexa faktorer gör att meningsskapande och meningsgivande processerna skapar friktioner och möjligheter för krisgruppen.

No description available.

In the aftermath of natural disasters, providing temporary housing to displaced people is essential to alleviate human suffering. However, in some cases, the chosen post-disaster temporary housing strategy may not be suitable for the local conditions, which can worsen the negative impacts, particularly when decision-makers need to change their original plan due to the uncertainty of post-disaster conditions. As most temporary housing design strategies have their weaknesses, the best approach is the one that matches the specific circumstances of each scenario. This thesis proposes design strategies, including prefabricated and modular units, foldable units, upgradable units, grid and linear expansion, and passive energy units, to determine the most appropriate policy to minimize conflicts between local requirements and temporary housing characteristics while maximizing the comfort and sustainability of temporary housing design. The strategies were analyzed based on their strength and weaknesses by following the previous research, and their implementation possibilities on recently occurred natural disasters, e.g., Turkey's earthquake in 2023, were also evaluated. It was found that all strategies except for grid and linear expansion might be suitable for the studied natural disaster.

No description available.

Natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, tsunamis, and earthquakes frequently happen across the world. Many of these natural disasters bring destruction to homes, loss of loved ones, and emotional or physical trauma. For children who are still developing coping skills, these natural disasters can bring them emotional distress because they are unable to processes their experiences in a healthy way. In a review of literature on the topic of bibliotherapy and reflective writing to help children learn coping skills, I discovered a need for these processes to be introduced in normal settings, such as school and home, to help children who have experienced natural disasters develop coping skills. My goal in conducting this research was to create a resource that includes a variety of children's literature on the topic of a natural disaster and that demonstrates a coping skill for that trauma. Guiding questions and reflective writing prompts were also added to this resource for the users to guide children in identifying and learning the demonstrated, healthy coping skills. I selected twenty-one quality and award-winning books that address natural disaster for review. Nineteen of them demonstrated a healthy coping skill within the book. Using the information from the book, I created guiding questions and reflective writing prompts to help guide the children in connecting with and learning how to use the coping skill demonstrated. Future developments from my research may include a website with the resource information or a hard copy that can be sent to areas of high-need or high-risk for natural disaster. My goal is that my resource will foster healthy coping skills for children in the school setting, home, or alongside professional help.

No description available.

No description available.