Les milieux complexes sont une source d'incertitude importante notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de développer des modèles climatique ou météorologique. Le développement de la couche limite atmosphérique à l'intérieur d'une vallée encaissée, incluant des vents de vallée et de pente, n'est, par exemple, pas résolu, ce qui a un impact considérable sur la prévision de la convection, du transport de polluants, etc... La simulation des grandes échelles de la turbulence (SGE) est un outil qui a montré sa capacité à reproduire finement les structures turbulentes dans ce type de contextes au travers des approches idéalisées. L'extension de la SGE aux milieux naturels est réalisée dans cette thèse qui s'articule en trois parties. La première partie présente les équations et les notions nécessaires à la compréhension des problèmes de turbulence dans la couche limite atmosphérique. On s'attache à décrire le cadre des lois issues de la théorie des similitudes et le cadre de la turbulence optique. La seconde partie présente des résultats issus de deux simulations idéales dans lesquelles nous comparons les résultats issus de la simulation avec d'une part les lois issues de la théorie des similitudes et d'autre part les données radar disponible lors de la campagne IHOP. L'utilisation d'un maillage raffinée près du sol permet d'améliorer les profils verticaux des champs turbulents en améliorant la prédiction des gradients à l'interface sol/atmosphère. De plus, le profil de couche limite est bien reproduit par les profils du paramètre de structure des fluctuations de l'indice de réfraction de l'air simulé si on compare avec les résultats issus du radar. Globalement, la dynamique des champs turbulents résolus par le modèle reproduise une dynamique et des ordres de grandeurs corrects conformes à nos attentes. Une fois l'évaluation du modèle effectuée, une simulation a été mise en place autour de la campagne d'observation VOTALP située dans le sud de la Suisse. Cette simulation comprend 5 domaines emboités allant de 16 kms de résolution horizontales pour le plus grand domaine à 100m pour le plus petit domaine. L'important dispositif déployé durant la campagne VOTALP située dans une vallée dans le sud de la Suisse a permis de confronter les résultats issus de la modélisation à haute résolution avec ces données d'observation. Les résultats obtenus ont, entre autre, montré que la simulation à haute résolution est un outil adapté pour l'étude des phénomènes de basses couches et notamment la turbulence optique en milieu complexe. / Complex environments are an important source of uncertainty especially when it comes to developing climate models and weather. The development of the atmospheric boundary layer within a valley, including valley and slope winds is, for example, unresolved, which has a significant impact on the prediction of convection, of transport of pollutants, etc ... The large eddy simulation of turbulence (LES) is a tool that has demonstrated its ability to reproduce turbulent structures in such idealized contexts. The extension of the LES to natural environments is performed in this thesis divided into three parts. The first part presents the equations and the concepts necessary to understanding the problems of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. It attempts to describe the laws for the similarity theories and the context of optical turbulence. The second part presents the results of two ideals simulations and we compare the results of the simulation with one hand the laws of the similarity theories and in other hand with radar data available in the IHOP campaign. The use of a refined mesh near the floor improves vertical profiles of turbulent fields improving prediction gradients at the interface soil / atmosphere. In addition, the boundary layer profile seems to be well reproduced by Cn2 profiles when compared with the results from the radar. Overall, the dynamics of turbulent fields solved are in good agreement with our expectations. Once the model evaluation performed, a simulation was set up around the measurement campaign VOTALP located in the south of Switzerland. This simulation includes five nested domains ranging from 16 km horizontal resolution for the largest to 100m for the smallest area. The important device deployed during the campaign VOTALP located in a valley in southern Switzerland has to confront the results of modeling the high-resolution observational data. The results obtained, among others, showed that the high-resolution simulation is a suitable tool for the study of the phenomena of lower layers including optical turbulence in complex environments.

The present research examined emotions that automatically and implicitly trigger pictures of nature and the city, with the affective priming technique, and determined if the same phenomenon that has been studied in unimodal experiments was replicated in cross modality experiments. The sample included 57 psychology students from a Mexican public university who were exposed to images of natural and urban environments. They used words with positive and negative emotional connotations. The results are similar to other research studies, and indicate that there are two types of participants, and not all participants displayed positive emotions towards nature. The findings are discussed in terms of the cognitive mechanisms of the technique. / La presente investigación examinó las emociones que desencadenan imágenes de naturaleza y ciudad de forma automática e implícita con la técnica de facilitación afectiva y determinar si el mismo fenómeno que se ha estudiado en experimentos unimodales se repite en la modalidad cruzada. Participaron un total de 57 estudiantes de una universidad pública mexicana, donde se les expuso a imágenes de ambientes naturales y urbanos como facilitadores. Como objetivos se utilizaron palabras con connotación emocional positiva y negativa. Los resultados indican que al igual que en otras investigaciones, existen dos grupos de participantes, en donde no todos poseen emociones positivas hacia la naturaleza. Se discuten los resultados en términos de los mecanismos cognitivos que existen dentro de la técnica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Shirley.pdf: 3315817 bytes, checksum: 828eb15ad8caeaa3bcbd888f81f1f0dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Socio-cultural and environmental aspects in tourism activity at the municipality of São João do Tupé REDES do Tupé , was the fundamental focus of this research. There are six communities at the Sustainable Developmental Reserve of Tupé (Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupe) , but São João do Tupé was chosen because it has managed tourism activity and it represents a leisure place for the urban population of Manaus. Such landscape is endowed with lakes, falls, beach, tracks and exuberant vegetation. In order to stimulate the community to put into effect a sustainable tourism, residents were trained to deal with tourists as tourism guide, feeding, craftsmanship, etc. The training was done by academic field as well as by government support. However, few changes have occurred. In the wake of this factor this study planned to understand that realism starting from the knowledge dwellers should have on tourism and leisure and all tools built on this subject. It was utilized a psychosocial approach of the environment focusing mainly in the nature perceptions of the people who has worked or still are working in these activities. We used in this project a multi-method (Gunther, Pinheiro e Elali, 2011) as a research scheme with participant observations techniques and semi-structural interviews engaging nine residents that have been worked or still are working in the tourism-leisure activity. The results showed deficiency in the structure due to the lack of governmental support and no interest of the community, besides the magnificence of the place in offering all the attractions to enjoy the tourism of the nature. Even though the effort to qualify the residents it was also noted that the community did not embrace this activity, but hardly one family has dedicated to some sporadic actions. Tourism is sometimes exercised by few Tourism Agencies from Manaus without any connection with the residents other than the collaboration of Indian groups that offer their rituals and sell their cultural craftsmanship. The people in the group that was involved with tourism activities shows us they see tourism as a source of extra income and an opportunity to contact foreign people who bring them novelties and wonder with the local nature. In their ideas tourism represents an activity with people from other places far from Manaus or far from the region and, leisure as a specific trend to visitors in their weekend and enjoying beach. In this sense tourism with outsiders is welcome and seemed as an excellent deal for the community and for the conservation of the nature, but with indoors is something worst for everybody: while strangers are educated, natives are degraders of the environment and cause serious social problems to the dwellers of the community. / O foco central desta pesquisa foi investigar os aspectos socioculturais e ambientais presentes na atividade de turismo/lazer na localidade São João do Tupé REDES do Tupé. Dentre as seis localidades existentes na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé, a localidade São João do Tupé foi a escolhida por ter desenvolvido atividades de turismo e ser local de atração para o lazer dos moradores urbanos de Manaus. O local é agraciado pela natureza, com lago, cachoeira, trilhas, praia e uma vegetação exuberante. Para que a comunidade desenvolvesse o turismo sustentável os moradores foram inseridos em vários cursos de formação como guia de turismo, alimentação, artesanatos e outros. Esses cursos foram realizados tanto pela esfera acadêmica quanto pela governamental, porém poucas mudanças ocorreram. Diante dessa situação esse estudo propôs-se a compreender essa realidade, partindo do entendimento que os moradores possuem sobre turismo e lazer e todo o aparato natural e construído para esse fim. Foi utilizado o multimétodos (GÜNTHER, PINHEIRO e ELALI 2011), como método de pesquisa, com as técnicas de observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove moradores que já tinham trabalhado ou ainda estavam em atividade relacionada ao turismo e lazer. Os resultados mostraram uma deficiência na infraestrutura construída devido à falta de apoio governamental e interesse dos próprios moradores, apesar das belezas cênicas do lugar oferecer os atrativos para o turismo de natureza e lazer. Constatou-se ainda que apesar do investimento em formação dos moradores para uma atividade de turismo, a localidade não se apropriou dessa atividade profissional, havendo apenas um grupo familiar que se interessa e se dedica a algumas ações esporádicas. Ações de turismo são veiculadas de forma aleatórias por agências de turismo de Manaus que pouco solicita dos moradores a não ser a colaboração dos grupos indígenas nos seus rituais e artesanatos culturais. As pessoas do grupo que se envolviam com as atividades de turismo mostram um entendimento de turismo como uma fonte de renda extra e uma oportunidade de receber pessoas de outros lugares que trazem novidades para eles e se maravilham com a natureza local. Em suas ideias o turismo se trata de uma atividade com pessoas de outros lugares fora de Manaus ou fora da região, e lazer seria específico para os visitantes de fim de semana na praia. Nesse sentido, o turismo como os de fora é bem vindo e visto na localidade e para conservação da natureza, já o lazer com os daqui é algo ruim para todos, pois enquanto os de fora são educados, os daqui são degradam o ambiente natural e social causando problemas aos moradores.

Humanity is looking for solutions to the environmental degradation problem, which is generated by the economic and demographic growth, the indiscriminate use of resources, deforestation and pollution. The «sustainable development» concept, which considers social, economical and environmental aspects, was created twenty years ago, but it is still not producing the desired effects, and its application generates discussion, propositions and alternatives. As a geographer, I am interested especially in two aspects, which I consider, could lead the city development to sustainability: 1. adjust the development to the advantages and limitations of the natural media of the region where the city is located, and 2. that the urban activities do not transfer the costs and environmental problems to the surroundings of the city and to the future generations.In this paper I’ll try to put both postulations taking as an example the Yurimaguas city development. This city, located at a strategic point in the route between two oceans, has a past and a future linked to the conditions of the natural environment. The paper has an introduction where the theoretical aspects of both postulations are explained, then comes an analysis and discussion of the relationship between the natural environment and development of the Yurimaguas city, and finally some propositions are suggested to improve the quality of the city environment in order to lead it to a sustainable development. / La humanidad entera busca una solución a los problemas de la degradación del ambiente, generada por el crecimiento económico y demográfico, el uso indiscriminado de los recursos, la deforestación y la contaminación. El concepto de desarrollo sostenible —que toma en cuenta, además de los aspectos sociales y económicos del desarrollo humano, los aspectos ambientales—surgió ya hace veinte años y todavía no produce los efectos deseados y su aplicación suscita discusión, propuestas y alternativas. Como geógrafa, me interesan especialmente dos aspectos que considero podrían encaminar el desarrollo de la ciudad hacia la sostenibilidad: 1. que el desarrollo se ajuste a las ventajas y limitaciones del medio natural de la zona en la cual se asienta la ciudad, y 2. que las actividades urbanas no transfieren los costos y problemas ambientales al entorno y a las futuras generaciones.En esta investigación trataré ambos postulados tomando como ejemplo el desarrollo de la ciudad de Yurimaguas. Dicha ciudad, ubicada en un punto estratégico en la ruta entre dos océanos, tiene una historia y futuro ligados estrechamente a las condiciones del medio natural. El artículo consiste de una introducción en la cual se resaltan los aspectos teóricos de ambos postulados, luego se analiza y discute la relación entre el medio natural y el desarrollo de la ciudad de Yurimaguas, y finalmente se sugieren algunas propuestas para mejorar la calidad ambiental de la ciudad a fin de encaminarla hacia el desarrollo sostenible.

En la actualidad el turismo es considerado la mayor industria de servicios y uno de los principales ingresos económicos en muchos países. A lo largo de los años, han ido apareciendo nuevas tendencias turísticas que se diferencian por los distintos intereses de los viajeros. Una de estas tendencias es el enoturismo, el cual está enfocado en zonas de producción vitivinícola donde las bodegas dan a conocer sus productos. Una de las ciudades con más producción de vid en nuestro país es Lima y en ella podemos ubicar el distrito de Santa Cruz de Flores, que forma parte de la provincia de Cañete. Este distrito es conocido como la capital del vino por la gran producción que tiene de este producto, pero cuenta con una carente infraestructura para el enoturismo. Ante esta problemática se plantea hacer un Complejo Enoturístico en Santa Cruz de Flores el cual se enfoca en brindar un equipamiento turístico al distrito y de esta manera ayudar en la economía de los pobladores. El proyecto parte de una bodega vitivinícola y se complementa con un alojamiento y espacios públicos relacionados a la recreación, relajación y gastronomía. El proyecto se emplaza en un terreno natural que se encuentra rodeado de cerros y de campos agrícolas, lo que permite darle al usuario una experiencia más completa. Para el desarrollo del complejo se ha dado énfasis a cuatro criterios arquitectónicos que además fueron parte en la toma de partido: Adaptación al entorno, relación con la naturaleza, espacios intermedios y composición lineal. / Nowadays tourism is considered the largest service industry and one of the main economic income in many countries. Over the years, new tourist trends have been appearing that are differentiated by the different interests of travelers. One of these trends is wine tourism, which is focused on wine production areas where wineries make their products known. One of the cities with more vine production in our country is Lima and in it we can locate the district of Santa Cruz de Flores, which is part of the province of Cañete. This district is known as the capital of the wine for the great production it has of this product, but it has a lack of infrastructure for wine tourism. Given this problem, it is proposed to create a Wine Tourism Complex in Santa Cruz de Flores, which focuses on providing tourist equipment to the district and with these help the population's economy. The has a wine cellar and is complemented by a hotel and public spaces related to recreation, relaxation and gastronomy. The project is located in a natural terrain that is surrounded by hills and agricultural fields, which allows the user to have a more complete experience. For the development of the complex, emphasis has been given to four architectural criteria: Adaptation to the environment, Relationship with nature, Intermediate spaces and Linear composition. / Tesis

Africa is a heterogeneous environment that is affected by natural and anthropogenic processes. This thesis uses a review method to characterize the natural environment of the continent, present possible classifications of natural conditions and to describe the transformation of this environment. The main methodological aim of the thesis was to determine areas threatened by biodiversity loss due to anthropogenic pressures based on a new classification of the natural environment on a continental level. This was executed by methods of environmental stratification and subsequent environmental classification. Thus, this thesis presents a classification of the natural environment on the basis of homogenous units determined by bioclimatic variables and terrain, which are subsequently related to the biodiversity of birds, amphibians and mammals and to an anthropogenic influence represented by anthropogenic biomes. Finally, the share of protected areas is executed in relation to this anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment. Therefore, the thesis is quite a unique approach, as it takes into account a combination of both physical and socio-economic factors at a continental level. The final output consists of a map of the anthropogenic transformation of Africa's natural environment in the...

This thesis investigates the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for detecting images containing non-natural objects in natural environments and if the introduction of stereo data can improve the performance. The state-of-the-art GAN-based anomaly detection method presented by A. Berget al. in [5] (BergGAN) was the base of this thesis. By modifiying BergGAN to not only accept three channel input, but also four and six channel input, it was possible to investigate the effect of introducing stereo data in the method. The input to the four channel network was an RGB image and its corresponding disparity map, and the input to the six channel network was a stereo pair consistingof two RGB images. The three datasets used in the thesis were constructed froma dataset of aerial video sequences provided by SAAB Dynamics, where the scene was mostly wooded areas. The datasets were divided into training and validation data, where the latter was used for the performance evaluation of the respective network. The evaluation method suggested in [5] was used in the thesis, where each sample was scored on the likelihood of it containing anomalies, Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was then applied and the area under the ROC-curve was calculated. The results showed that BergGAN was successfully able to detect images containing non-natural objects in natural environments using the dataset provided by SAAB Dynamics. The adaption of BergGAN to also accept four and six input channels increased the performance of the method, showing that there is information in stereo data that is relevant for GAN-based anomaly detection. There was however no substantial performance difference between the network trained with two RGB images versus the one trained with an RGB image and its corresponding disparity map.

The present thesis introduces an analysis of a part of public corporate communication through which large international companies present a positive image of their brands, technologies, operations and, above all, their values vis-à-vis the issue of environmental protection. It would likely not provoke much dispute, shall it be stated that environmental protection has over the several past decades climbed to the top of the list of the world's priority agenda. Yet whether an ecological crisis is or is not a real threat, or whether the parties involved really do or do not take the proclaimed steps necessary for the improvement of the state of the natural environment, is not a matter of importance here. The important thing is that people (companies) are talking about the environment. In the context of a global ecological threat companies are on one hand pressured into accepting green responsibilities, on the other hand in building their green image they actively adopt certain aspects of green discourse and articulate their own environmental diagnoses and propose possible remedies. Using critical discourse analysis this thesis tries to uncover the ways of construction of corporate green responsibility discourse aiming to answer questions regarding the selection of discourse strategies and use of language,...

Naturreservat är en svensk skyddsform med syfte att bevara värdefull natur och sällsynta arter, upprätthålla biologisk mångfald och erbjuda rekreation för människor. Den pågående urbaniseringen genom förtätning och expansion leder till att mängden besökare i stadsnära naturreservat ökar, vilket medför att dess naturmiljö utsätts för ett ökat slitage, som i sin tur riskerar att hota syftet med skyddsformen. Ett stadsnära naturreservat som påverkas av urbanisering är Nackareservatet i Stockholms län.  Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur naturmiljön i stadsnära naturreservat påverkas av urbanisering samt hur dithörande negativa ekologiska effekter kan motverkas. Studien följer en kvalitativ explorativ design och datainsamlingen genomförs genom en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. Studien visar att urbanisering ökar belastningen på naturmiljön i stadsnära naturreservat, såsom Nackareservatet, genom att mängden besökare ökar. Detta leder till att mark och flora påverkas, vilket försämrar livsmiljöer för djur, växter och mikroflora. Dessutom syns beteendeförändringar och ökade stressnivåer hos djur. Interaktionen mellan människor och djur kan däremot förbättra rekreationsupplevelser och gynna vissa djurarter, men sammantaget kan det konstateras att urbanisering resulterar i minskad biodiversitet. Urbanisering genom exploatering i närheten av reservatet kan även påverka dess inre naturmiljö. I Nackareservatet syns detta genom försämrade ekologiska spridningssamband och livsutrymmen för djur, och det kan ha bidragit till torrare våtmarker.  För att ett stadsnära naturreservat som Nackareservatet ska kunna hantera de konsekvenser som följer av en fortsatt urbanisering krävs förbättring av informationsskyltar med föreskrifter, bättre markering av stigar, noggrannare uppföljning av effekterna från närliggande exploatering samt större hänsyn till de ekologiska spridningssambanden. Ett starkare juridiskt skydd kan behöva införas som avser att bevara reservatet och förhindra oönskad exploatering i närheten. Om vattennivåerna i reservatet ökar till följd av ökade regnmängder orsakade av klimatförändringar och ökad avrinning från exploaterade närområden, kan utredning behöva göras för hur detta ska hanteras. Huruvida dessa metoder är tillräckliga för att hantera konsekvenser som följer av en fortsatt urbanisering går att ifrågasätta. Därmed krävs fler studier som undersöker hur stadsnära naturreservat påverkas av urbanisering och hur dess negativa effekter kan motverkas. / Nature reserves are a Swedish form of protection aimed at preserving valuable nature and rare species, maintaining biological diversity, and providing recreation and nature experiences for people. The ongoing urbanization through densification and expansion increases visitors to urban-adjacent nature reserves, resulting in increased wear on their natural environment, which risks threatening the purpose of the protection. An urban-adjacent nature reserve affected by urbanization is Nackareservatet in Stockholm County.  The purpose of the study is to examine how the natural environment in urban adjacent nature reserves is affected by urbanization, as well as how associated negative ecological effects can be mitigated. The study follows a qualitative exploratory design, and data collection is conducted through a literature review and an interview study.   The study demonstrates that urbanization increases pressure on urban-adjacent nature reserves, such as Nackareservatet, due to a rise in visitor numbers. This impacts soil and flora, which deteriorates habitats for animals, plants, and microflora. Additionally, animals exhibit behavioral changes and increased stress levels. Interaction between humans and animals can, however, enhance recreational experiences and benefit certain animal species, but overall, urbanization results in reduced biodiversity. Urbanization through exploration near the nature reserve can also affect its internal natural environment. In Nackareservatet, this is seen through degraded ecological dispersal links and habitats for animals, and it may have contributed to drier wetlands.  To enable an urban-adjacent nature reserve like Nackareservatet to manage urbanization, improvements are required in informational signs with regulations, better trail markings, enhanced monitoring of the effects of nearby development, and greater consideration should be given to ecological dispersal links. Stronger legal protection may be necessary to preserve the reserve and prevent unwanted exploitation in the vicinity. If water levels in the reserve increase due to higher rainfall and increased runoff from exploited nearby areas, an investigation may be needed on how to manage this. Whether these methods are sufficient to manage the consequences of continued urbanization is questionable. Therefore, more studies are needed to investigate how urban-adjacent nature reserves are affected by urbanization and how its negative effects can be mitigated.

This study primarily focuses on children’s perceptions of the natural environment during a nature camp in Antwerp. The secondary focus concerns the children’s connection to this environment. A theoretical framework of six concepts, based on existing literature in this area was employed as an orientation throughout the research: a) the physical environment; b) actions and experiences; c) the affective dimension; d) the social aspect; e) the human-nature relationship; and f) conceptualization of nature. A dual-method qualitative approach was applied, combining children’s drawings of the natural environment at the camp setting with interviews. Through an abductive process of codebook thematic analysis, two main themes were identified. The first theme was named ‘doing’ i.e. play and the second theme was named ‘being’ i.e. immersion. The first theme indicates that the children perceive the natural environment mainly through doing, specifically as a space to play. Additionally, the second theme suggests that the children perceive the natural environment through being, that is by immersion. Yet, there is no distinct line between these two themes as play is children’s natural way of being. Ultimately, these themes are two sides of one narrative in which ‘doing/being’ is intrinsically entwined in a process of relational interaction and immersion in and with the natural environment.