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Kvinnors behov av stöd vid missfall : en litteraturstudieHjalmarsson, Angelina, Jönsson, Emelie January 2012 (has links)
Bakgrund: Missfall är en vanlig komplikation till graviditet. Upplevelsen är individuell och kan innebära ett behov av stöd. Det finns olika typer av stöd, emotionellt och kognitivt stöd. I Sverige är det vanligt att kvinnor som fått missfall blir inlagda på en gynekologisk avdelning vilket gör att sjuksköterskan möter dessa kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors behov av stöd från sjuksköterskan vid missfall. Metod: En litteraturstudie innehållande tio kvalitativa och kvantitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar gjordes. Artiklar söktes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsychInfo, därefter kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades de. Resultat: Ur analysen framkom det att kvinnor som vårdats för missfall hade behov av både emotionellt och kognitivt stöd. Några kvinnor fick behovet av stöd tillgodosett, andra var missnöjda med stödet. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskan bör se till att kvinnan känner sig sedd och förstådd i sin situation och vara medveten om att kvinnor upplever missfallet på olika sätt Därför kan stödet som kvinnorna behöver och efterfrågar vara olika. Sjuksköterskan bör bemöta med empati, detta för att kvinnan ska känna sig optimalt stöttad och återhämta sig bättre. / Background: Miscarriage is a common complication of pregnancy. The experience is individual and may imply a need for support. There are different types of support, emotional and cognitive support. In Sweden it is common that women who have had a miscarriage are admitted to a gynaecological ward which means that the nurse meets these women. Aim: The aim was to describe women's need of support from the nurse at miscarriage. Method: A literature review was made and was based on ten qualitative and quantitative original scientific articles. Articles were searched in the databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsychInfo. The articles were reviewed for quality and analyzed. Results: From the analysis it was found that women who received treatment for miscarriage had need of both emotional and cognitive support. Some women were satisfied with the support that was given to them others were dissatisfied with the support. Conclusion: Nurses should ensure that women feel seen and understood in their situation, and be aware that women experience miscarriage differently. Therefore, the support that women need and demand may vary. The nurse should respond with empathy, in order that the woman will feel optimally supported and recover better.
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Anhörigas behov av stöd, när de vårdar vuxna närstående med cancer : en litteraturstudieAlvarez, Lorena, Bergström, Susanna January 2013 (has links)
Cancer was the second most common cause of death in Sweden in 2011. As the number of beds in hospitals decreases, numerous severely ill patients receive care at home. This results in family members performing important parts of the caring process. The aim of this study was to describe the caregivers' support needs from healthcare professionals when caring for an adult relative with cancer. A literature review was performed, in which results from empirical studies were reviewed and summarized. The result shows that caregivers need information about the disease and education regarding nursing skills. They also have social needs, such as to participate in decision making concerning treatment alternatives, to be kindly met by healthcare professionals, and to have opportunities for respite. The number of caregivers who suffer from anxiety and depression might indicate the presence of unsatisfied needs, which healthcare professionals could identify early in the care process. By putting focus on the caregivers' needs, healthcare professionals can help them achieve an increased feeling of competence in performing the caring role and possibly promote their sense of health and well-being. / Cancersjukdomar var år 2011 den andra mest förekommande dödsorsaken i Sverige. På grund av minskande antal vårdplatser blir alltfler svårt sjuka vårdade i hemmet, vilket innebär att en stor del av omvårdnaden utförs av anhöriga. Syftet med studien var att beskriva anhörigas behov av stöd från sjukvårdspersonalen vid vård av vuxna närstående med cancer. En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes där resultat från empiriska studier granskades och sammanställdes. Resultatet visar att anhöriga är i behov av information om sjukdomen och praktisk handledning i omvårdnad. Anhöriga upplever även sociala behov av att få möjlighet till att medverka i beslutfattande gällande behandlingsalternativ, få ett bra bemötande från sjukvårdspersonalen samt få möjlighet till avlastning. En stor mängd anhöriga till närstående som lever med cancer lider av ångest och depression, vilket möjligtvis innebär att det finns otillfredsställda behov som skulle kunna identifieras tidigt i omsorgsprocessen. Med en uppmärksamhet gentemot behoven kan sjukvårdspersonalen bidra till en känsla av ökad kapacitet till vård hos anhöriga och då eventuellt främja deras upplevelse av hälsa och välbefinnande.
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The Effects of Juror Need for Cognition: Perceptions of Trustworthiness in Expert Witness TestimonyArmstrong, Matthew Nicholas 01 January 2012 (has links)
The current study looks to examine the possible effects expert witness trustworthiness and testimony quality depending upon participant need for cognition. The study involves 139 participants taken from Amazon's Mechanical Turk and an undergraduate research pool where they were asked to take part in a web-based survey. Participants read a capital sentencing summary and were randomly selected into one of four expert witness conditions that vary in trustworthiness and quality. Participants took the short form Need for Cognition scale and filled out a questionnaire about their perceptions of the expert's trustworthiness and testimony quality. Results indicated a marginal main effect of the trustworthiness condition as well as a marginal three-way interaction. Additionally, significant main effects for the sample and death qualification status of participants were found. Results are discussed in the context of the current study and past research and possible limitations and extensions of the current study are considered.
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Scared Textless: The Influence of Sensation Seeking Tendencies and Need for Cognition on Texting while Driving Fear AppealsBoenker, Madeline Lee 2011 August 1900 (has links)
Texting is ubiquitous; the International Association for the Wireless Telecommunications Industry reported that 4.1 billion text messages were sent per day in the first half of 2009. In isolation, texting does not injure individuals; however, when combined with driving, lives have changed for the worse. The National Safety Council estimates that 1.6 million crashes per year can be attributed to distracted drivers either talking on cell phones or texting while driving and nearly 28 percent of all crashes in the United States can be ascribed to these behaviors. An increasing number of texting while driving fear appeal campaigns are being utilized in the media. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to create and test theoretically-based messages aimed at discouraging texting while driving.
Formative research along with the Extended Parallel Process Model was used for guidance in the creation of the fear appeal messages. No low threat message was used for the main study after repeated message validations failed. For the study, three high threat messages varied only by a single paragraph which targeted beliefs about benefits, mastery, and ubiquity of texting while driving. 155 undergraduates at Texas A & M University completed a pretest, read the high threat message, and answered a posttest. Need for cognition and sensation seeking tendencies were measured in order to understand the effects such personality traits have on message perceptions. Five major outcomes were revealed even though numerous hypotheses were unsupported. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and sensation seeking tendencies on message realism. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on message realism. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on message accuracy. There was a significant interaction between perceived threat and need for cognition on attitudes. There was a significant positive correlation between perceived threat and perceived message sensation value.
This project provides support that sensation seeking tendencies and need for cognition do interacted with perceived threat on perceptions of message effectiveness and that perceived message sensation value was positively related to perceived threat. Results also revealed the prevalence of texting while driving behavior and relationships between personality traits and texting while driving. Sensation seeking tendencies were positively correlated with initiating text messages while driving. Need for cognition was negatively correlated with reading and replying to text messages while driving.
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Chronicling the Shifts: Using the Body Lens to Analyze Policy for High Need Women OffendersDurrell, Jennifer E A 17 May 2011 (has links)
This thesis uses an exploratory case study design to chronicle the shifts, recognition, and implementation of programs, tools and policies designed for high need federally sentenced women in Canada that were created after 1990, in accordance with or opposed to the gender specific principles outlined in the Creating Choices (1990) report. The body lens is used as an analytic tool to deconstruct eleven of the most pertinent documents regarding policy and strategy for high need women offenders that were implemented by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) personnel and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) over the past twenty years. Coding of a wide range of documents reveals that despite appearing to be rhetorically progressive, CSC’s attempt at creating a women-centered mental health strategy uses contradictory disciplinary techniques that control and restrain the bodies of federally sentenced women in hopes of normalizing the behaviours of high need women. The policies imposed by CSC for high need women offenders fail to make any substantial changes in women’s prison reform and resulted in a different form of regulation and control. High need women offenders are imprisoned in their own bodies.
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Att vara ett steg före eller efter : Äldre anhörigvårdares erfarenheter av kunskapsbehov / To be one step before or to lag behind : Elderly Family Caregivers’ experiences of Need for knowledgeJohansson, Mona January 2010 (has links)
I Sverige har antalet äldre ökat de senaste årtiondena. Ju äldre människor blir desto vanligare blir förekomsten av sjukdomar och funktionshinder. Vårdplatserna inom både slutenvård och särskilt boende har blivit färre och uppskattningsvis vårdas 250 000 personer i hemvård idag. Denna utveckling innebär att den närstående, som är anhörigvårdare i hemmet har en betydelsefull roll. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva anhörigvårdarens erfarenheter av kunskapsbehov för att ge omsorg och vård till sin make/maka med långvarig sjukdom och/eller funktionshinder i hemmet. Studien baseras på intervjuer, som gjordes med anhörigvårdare dels genom en fokusgrupp med fyra deltagare, dels genom fyra individuella intervjuer, det vill säga sammanlagt åtta informanter. Intervjumaterialet har bearbetats med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studien pågick under åren 2009-2010. I resultatet framkom fem huvudkategorier: Behov av kunskap om: sjukdomen och dess konsekvenser, hur man behärskar komplexa situationer, regelverk och stödfunktioner, praktisk personlig vård samt kunskap om anhörigvårdarens egen hälsa. Studien visar också vilka metoder anhörigvårdaren använder för att skaffa sig kunskap. Anhörigvårdaren efterfrågar framförallt individuell praktisk handledning samt kunskap som ger handlingsberedskap för att förstå behov av helhetsvård och hantera nya situationer. I diskussionen har jag valt att belysa vilken slags kunskap anhörigvårdaren behöver för att ge vård och omsorg till sin make/maka. Jag diskuterar även anhörigvårdarens syn på sin utsatthet och ensamhet, hur tillvaron kan hanteras samt vilka möjligheter till återhämtning som finns. / In Sweden the number of elderly people has continually increased during the last decades. The older the person grows the more frequent the rate of illness and functional disability. The number of beds in both hospital care and municipality care has been reduced and about 250 000 persons receive domestic care today. This means that relatives who are caregivers play an important role in today’s society. The aim of this study is to describe the caregiver’s experiences and the need for knowledge in order to give care at home to a spouse suffering from a long-term illness and/or a disability. Interviews with family caregivers were made partly through a focus group with four participants and partly through four individual interviews - in all eight informants. The interviews have been processed according to content analysis. The study was undertaken in the period 2009-2010. The result can be divided into five main categories. 1. Need for knowledge concerning the sick spouse’s illness and its consequences. 2. Need for knowledge in handling complicated situations. 3. Need for knowledge about regulations and care given by the municipality. 4. Need for knowledge in practical individual care. 5. Need for knowledge concerning the caregiver’s own health. The study also shows the methods used by the caregiver to acquire knowledge. Above all, the caregiver requests individual practical guidance and knowledge in order to understand and cope with new situations. In the discussion I have chosen to illustrate what kind of knowledge the caregiver needs in order to care for his/her spouse. I also discuss the caregiver’s view on his/her vulnerability and loneliness, how one can cope with one’s life situation and what possibilities there are for recovery.
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An exploratory research : Fear and the need of security interplay as a business mechanismBeltrán Alanis, Martha Alicia, Cruz Sánchez, Javier Arnulfo January 2011 (has links)
Background: Humanity builds and writes its history. Overtime the need of feeling secure has been present originated from an emotion, a condition and reaction: the fear of threats or danger. The impact of human fear over the humanity behaviour leads for searching ways of reducing such fear. Consequently, security companies have a potential opportunity for fulfilling this human need reducing the phenomenon of fear. Some organisations and companies discovered that human fear can be used as tool for influencing the individual behaviour and for consumption purposes. Aim: Developing a research and discussing some of the issues that concerns today‟s societies and business organisations as well as the managerial consequences arising by exploring the global fear and necessity of security trends as a critical issue for the decades to come. Therefore, the purpose of this study explores the extent to which companies can use human fear that an individual perceives as a potential strategy within the security industry to increase and expand their market. Definitions: When companies use fear in advertising influence human behaviour known in marketing as fear appeal. In this research, mass media does not use fear as a conscious way to manipulate or persuade human behaviour. However, the usage of fear messages in mass media has an impact on human fear perception. Then, there is evidence of a positive relationship between marketing fear appeal and mass media spreading information of threats, violence and crime. Both create fear on humans‟ perception but marketing in a direct conscious way and mass media in an indirect unconscious way, what we have identified and called „unacquainted-indirect fear appeal‟. Results: The findings in this exploratory thesis show a functional relationship between the phenomenon of fear and the phenomenon of the need of security which are persistent variables overtime. Therefore, it is possible for security companies to take advantage of this trend and to develop a potential strategy to increase and expand their market while taking into account that fear appeal needs a very specific treatment and testing along this process due to the several results that can be achieved from such a strategy. The results can vary depending on the circumstances of the individual and the environment not always controllable by the companies within business in a constant changing world.
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Kan föreställningen av att vara osårbar öka risken för att bli manipulerad?Gustafsson, Malin, Therese, Lange January 2011 (has links)
Tidigare forskning har visat att individer tenderar se sig själva mindre sårbara än genomsnittet, vilket gör att man utsätter sig själv för ett stort risktagande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om de individer som ser sig mindre sårbara än andra är de som påverkas av reklam och manipulation. I undersökningen deltog 183 studenter, 122 kvinnor och 61 män. Tre olika mätinstrument kombinerades i en enkät. En reklamannons med tillhörande frågor, utarbetad i samarbete med en reklambyrå, ett instrument som mätte en individs Need for Cognition samt ett tredje för att mäta hur sårbar personen såg sig i jämförelse med genomsnittet. Våra hypoteser fick inte stöd men vi lyckades påvisa att det förekom en illusion av osårbarhet och en tredjepersoneffekt bland deltagarna. Förhoppningen är att framtida forskning lyckas ta fram ett mer effektivt mätinstrument som kan visa att illusionen av osårbarhet kan öka en individs manipulationsrisk.
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Informationsplikten i försäkringsavtalslagen : Uppfylls syftet med informationen?Nilsson, Jennie January 2011 (has links)
This thesis treats the information the insurance company is going to give the policyholders just before the insurance is to be concluded and soon thereafter. The purpose for the essay is to investigate whether the mentioned information can be considered to meet the purpose referred to its establishment. The investigation will also show if the penalty for not upholding this obligation is reasonable in relation to the aim the duty to inform the policyholders is meant to uphold. Information to be provided before the contract is concluded should facilitate the choice of insurance. The information to be given to the policyholders as soon as possible after the contract is concluded should be given as a form of confirmation and information on conditions that has not been stated before. The purposes that have been mentioned is for both the information to consumers and companies. The conclusion that can be made after the analysis is that the information is of great importance for the policyholder, both for consumers and companies. Some penalties can be regarded as a tad harsh against the insurance company, according to the author. If just policyholders have an interest to use the information their position would get better. The general purpose of the information has therefore been achieved. / Uppsatsen behandlar för- och efterköpsinformation som ska ges vid tecknande av konsument- och företagsförsäkring. Uppsatsens syfte har varit att utreda huruvida nämnda information kan anses uppfylla de ändamål som ställts vid dess tillkomst. Vidare utreds huruvida påföljderna vid försummelse av informationsplikten kan anses rimliga ställt mot de ändamål som informationen ska fylla. Förköpsinformationen ska lämnas innan försäkringen tecknas och på grundval av given information ska valet av försäkring underlättas för försäkringstagaren. Efterköpsinformationen är den information som snarast efter avtalsslut ska ges till försäkringstagaren som en form av bekräftelse. Efterköpsinformationen ska även innehålla upplysningar gällande vissa andra villkor om det inte tidigare har gjorts. Avseende konsumentförsäkring aktualiseras en civilrättslig påföljd om försäkringsbolaget underlåtit att ge efterköpsinformation, som innebär att försäkringsbolaget inte får åberopa avtalsvillkor som inte särskilt framhållits. Vid underlåtelse att ge förköpsinformation till konsument kan en marknadsrättslig påföljd bli aktuell, vilket innebär att försäkringsbolaget åläggs att utge information. Samma marknadsrättsliga påföljd aktualiseras för underlåtelse att ge både för- och efterköpsinformation avseende företagsförsäkring. Av den analys som gjorts är en slutsats att för- och efterköpsinformationen kan antas vara av stor betydelse för nämnda försäkringstagare. Avgörande för att syftena med informationen, både för och efterköpsinformation, ska uppfyllas är att ett intresse finns hos försäkringstagaren att ta del av dem, som bör motiveras av olika skäl. Författarens åsikt är att den civilrättsliga påföljden ger ett starkt skydd för konsumenten som inte kan anses rimligt mot informationens syfte. Dock kan anses den marknadsrättsliga påföljden utgöra ett för svagt skydd för försäkringstagarna.
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"När det som inte fick hända, händer" : Om suicidefterlevandes behov av stöd / "When the unthinkable happens" : Assesing the needs of suicide survivorsThorberg, Sandra January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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