Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Weiter steigende Raten des Konsums psychotroper Substanzen und klinisch bedeutsamer Substanzstörungen vor allem bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, veränderte Gebrauchs- und Problemkonstellationen der Konsumentengruppen und die Einführung neuer Therapien und Versorgungsmodelle (Prävention, Frühintervention, Therapie und Rehabilitation) erfordern insbesondere angesichts der begrenzten Finanz- und Versorgungsressourcen neue Bedarfs- und Allokationsmodelle. Diese sollen praxisnah und effizient zu entscheiden helfen wann, bei welchen Rahmenbedingungen, welche Interventionsart und -strategie die individuell erfolgversprechendste ist. Diese Fragen werden in einem Forschungsprojekt des Suchtforschungsverbundes ASAT bearbeitet, das in einer umschriebenen Region mittels schrittweiser, epidemiologisch basierter Bedarfsund Bedürfnisanalysen die Ableitung und Priorisierung von institutionellen und therapeutischen Zuordnungsstrategien untersucht. Methodik: Basierend auf einem prospektiv-epidemiologischen Design wurden (1) bei einer repräsentativen regionalen Bevölkerungsstichprobe (EDSP-Studie) Inzidenzmuster, Spontanverlauf, Risikofaktoren und Konsequenzen des Substanzgebrauchs, -missbrauchs und der -abhängigkeit sowie Inanspruchnahmeverhalten, gedeckter und ungedeckter Bedarf beurteilt. (2) Ergänzt wird diese Erhebung durch eine Gesamterfassung und Evaluation des regionalen Suchthilfesystems. (3) Über statistische Analysen von Verläufen und Suchthilfeangeboten in der Region sollen "natürliche" Allokationsprozesse dargestellt und "outcome"-orientiert bewertet werden. (4) Anhand der dabei sichtbaren Mängel und Defizite können dann zusammen mit den Einrichtungen verbesserte Allokationsrichtlinien für einzelne sowie Gruppen von Patienten abgeleitet werden. Die Ergebnisse sollen in das regionale Suchhilfesystem übertragen werden. Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Erste Ergebnisse des Projekts bestätigen die Möglichkeit, Risikogruppen über spezifische Verlaufsanalysen zu identifizieren (z.B. regelmäßige Cannabiskonsumenten, Mehrfachkonsumenten, mehr weibliche Konsumenten mit einem höherem Abhängigkeitsrisiko). Die Inanspruchnahmemuster deuten in Teilbereichen (Frühintervention) auf ein hohes Ausmaß ungedeckten Bedarfs hin und scheinen neue Allokationsentwürfe zu erfordern. Den Einrichtungsträgern und regional Verantwortlichen der Suchthilfe können nach Auswertung weiterer Daten umfassende Bedarfsabschätzungen und verschiedene alternative Allokationsmodelle basierend auf der Perspektive von KlientInnen/ PatientInnen bereitgestellt werden. / Background and Aims: Increasing rates of substance use and substance use disorders especially in adolescents and young adults, changing patterns of use and associated problems and the introduction of new therapies and programs of care (prevention, early intervention, therapy, rehabilitation) require new need and allocation models especially because of restricted financial and care resources. These models should provide a rational basis for the improvement of allocation processes as well as setting priorities in the provision and restructuring of community and patientoriented interventions. In the present paper, we will present a project of the ASAT research network program which aims at a multi-staged, integrated epidemiology-based need and program evaluation in an area to determine institutional and therapeutical allocation processes. Methods: Based on a prospective epidemiological design, (1) prevalence and incidence, risk factors and course of substance use, abuse and dependence are investigated in a representative sample of the community-based EDSP study. Additionally, helpseeking behaviors, met and unmet need are assessed. (2) The investigation is supplemented by a survey of all substance use services in the area. (3) Course of substance use and service provision of substance use services in the area will be analyzed and reviewed to identify natural allocation processes and to determine the outcome. (4) With the knowledge of deficits and unmet need, improved allocation guidelines for specific groups of clients and patients will be developed. The results will be transferred into the regional health care system. Results and discussion: First results show that the identification of new risk groups with the help of course typologies is possible. The patterns of help-seeking point to a high rate of unmet need, especially with regard to the targeted early intervention, and a need of alternative allocation models. After the assessment and the overall data analyses, need evaluations and several alternative allocation models based on the clients'/patients' perspective will be provided.

I den här essän har jag utgått från ett dilemma från verkligheten. Som jag uppfattar som svårt. Det handlar om barn i gråzonen med extra behov av stöd. De här barnen ser jag som en pedagogisk utmaning och de utmanar min kompetens dagligen. Jag kommer även se på de pedagogiska svårigheterna det är att på ett bra sätt inkludera dem i verksamheten. Hur bemöter vi barn som är introverta eller de som har ett utåtagerande beteende i förskolan? Jag har vänt blicken mot mig själv och analyserar mitt förhållningssätt och hur jag bemöter barn med utmanande beteende. Jag har reflekterat över mina känslor av att inte räcka till och tillkortakommanden när det kommer till barn som utmanar. Jag har i den här essän försökt belysa det komplexa i situationen där olika faktorer som, kompetens, tid, reflektion, gruppstorlek och synsätt på barnen kan påverka dem negativt i framtiden. Jag har även försökt att analysera hur jag kan arbeta i framtiden för att inkludera de här barnen på ett bra sätt. / In this essay, I have assumed a dilemma that I find difficult based on my own reality. Its about children in the grey zone with the need for additional support. I see these children as an educational challenge and they challenge my skills on a daily basis. I will also look at the educational difficulties of including them in the preschool in a good way. How do we respond to children who are introverted or those who have an outward hyperactive behavior in preschool? I have taken an introspective approach and analyzed how I treat children with challenging behavior. I have reflected on my feelings of not being sufficient and my shortcomings when it comes to children who challenge. In this essay I have tried to highlight the complexity of the situation where various factors such as, competence, time, reflection, group size and approach to children for which may affect them negatively in the future. But I have also tried to analyze how I can think and act in the future to include these children in the best way.

The purpose of this research was to study job satisfaction among public school library media specialists based on the psychological needs of social needs, security needs, esteem needs, autonomy needs, and self actualization needs, according to Maslow's Hierarchy. Subjects were requested to respond to a questionnaire of 30 items pertaining to job satisfaction. Each item required two responses: first, as to the level of importance the item held; and secondly, the satisfaction currently received from that particular item.

Background: Ballad Health participates in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services’ (CMS) Accountable Health Communities (AHC) model. The AHC model is evaluating if universal screening, referral, and navigation services for health-related social needs (HRSN) can improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary utilization and costs of health care services. To ensure the evaluation of the model has sufficient statistical power, navigation services are expected to be provided to a minimum number of individuals. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Ballad Health’s AHC navigation services that could be modified to improve opt-in rates. Methods: The primary outcome measure was identified as whether a beneficiary contacted via telephone opted-in or –out of the navigation program. Andersen’s Behavioral Model for Health Service Use was used as the conceptual framework for selecting covariates of interest. Enabling factors were of primary interest because alternate interventions may be designed around them. Data was pulled for the time period of November 17, 2018 through February 14, 2019. Where possible, covariates were associated with data from CMS’ AHC Data Template v3.1 to accommodate replication for all AHC bridge organizations, though additional internally-collected data, which may not be available for all bridge organizations, were needed for some variables. Chi-squared tests were performed for each covariate. Results: No statistical differences were found for the primary covariates of interest. Opt-in rates by Navigator were lowest for Navigator 5 and highest for Navigator 4 (67.53% and 88.24%). Opt-in rates by weekday of decision were lowest on Thursdays and highest on Wednesdays (64.91% and 77.42%). Opt-in rates based on time of day were lowest between 8:00am and 9:59am, and highest between 12:00pm and 1:59pm (62.50% and 100%). Opt-in rates were lowest when the decision was made six days after the screening and highest when made the same day (53.57% and 83.33%). Opt-in rates were lowest when there were five weekdays between screening and navigation decision, and highest when there were three weekdays between the screening and decision (60% and 90%). Other non-process covariates of interest that were statistically significant for opt-in rates were the presence of either food, safety, or utility needs. Conclusions: Several groups had higher opt-in rates that were not statistically significant; small sample sizes may have impacted the significance of these differences. For example, opt-in rates were higher when made the same day as the screening than when made one day after (83.33% and 74.79%). However, only 18 beneficiary decisions were made on the same day, while 119 were made one day after. Increasing the number of same-day phone call attempts may be a method to improve opt-in rates. Importantly, date and time data for contact attempts before a beneficiary decides to opt-in or opt-out were unavailable as of the time of the analysis. These data are captured and will be added to the analysis when available, which could provide more insight into whether a beneficiary is more likely to opt-in or opt-out.

This study examines what significance social media (Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram) may have in regard to clients need recognition and information search, in B2B investment decision making of desktop 3D printers. The study was made on 121 respondents from the 3D printer reseller company 3DVerkstan’s customer base. Need recognition and information search are the two first steps of five, in the consumer behavioral Engel Blackwell Miniard (EBM) model of decision making. To get a better perspective of what role social media have in B2B marketing, a broad investigation of the 3D print owners need recognition and information search has been conducted through a survey built from the EBM-model, and the clients media consumption. A wide range of communication channels has been examined in order to draw conclusions from what role social media play as whole. As social media is an unexplored field for B2B marketing, an interview with the CMO of Telia Sonera Sweden, Magnus Andersson was held to get insights of how they currently use social media in B2B as a best-in-class case. This study aims to give foundational directives for social media’s significance for B2B companies in the technology. The findings in this study indicates that social media has a great potential exposure to influence and inspire need recognition. Especially for Facebook, decent potential exposure for LinkedIn and Instagram. Not very good for Twitter. Although, almost none were first exposed to 3D printing on social media. Social media was not searched for information, and the few that did searched for reviews. The respondents primarily searched on online sources only. Most respondents conducted one search step where they focused on finding a source with compiled information to conveniently grasp the 3D printer market. Either on Youtube to look for unbiased 3D print reviews. Or through a convenient recommendation from friends and resellers of the most suitable 3D printer in relation to their objective. Technical specification, price, customer reviews, service & support and user case quality caught their attention after finding their preferred source of information retrieval. Convenient personalized packaging in review form with the above stated attributes could be used to inspire customers on social media. Directed towards the use motives; prototyping, hobby/home use or custom production.

Aim: To explore how older people (>65 years), who have been granted home care services for the first time, experienced their contact with the municipal need assessor and the process of the need assessment. Method/data: Semi-structured interviews (n=7) have been conducted with first-time users of social care for older people (>65 years) living in one district in the City of Stockholm. The interviews were thematically analysed based on the theoretical approach by Braun & Clarke (2006).Findings: Applying for home care services affects several dimensions of thoughts and emotions related to the process of ageing. Compromised ability/health/independence and the accessibility of informal care influenced the respondent’s tendency to apply. Thoughts and emotions related to identity, autonomy and managing tasks on their own was significant. Both positive and negative emotions related to the contact with the municipal need assessor was found.Conclusions: Municipal home care services include several aspects beyond the practical matters. The contact with the municipal need assessor was not the main topic discussed, instead focus was put on the thought process/introspective process leading up to an application. In addition, applying for home care services is sometimes experienced as “the last resort” when other possibilities are exhausted.

Syftet med föreliggande kvantitativa tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka medierande effekter av självbestämmande respektive kontrollerad motivation kopplat till förhållandet mellan behovstillfredsställelse och träning på gym. Detta baserat på tidigare forskning och med analytisk utgångspunkt i självbestämmandeteorin. I studien deltog 107 personer, varav 47 män och 60 kvinnor, i åldrarna 18-59 år (M=29.2, SD=8.4). Resultatet i studien påvisade att självbestämmande motivation medierar förhållandet mellan behovstillfredsställelse och träning på gym, medan kontrollerad motivation inte gör det. Detta resultat överensstämmer med vad tidigare forskning visat och understryker vikten av självbestämmande motivation ytterligare. Författarna till studien efterlyser mer kvalitativ forskning på ämnet som kan utvinna empiri uttryckt i ord snarare än siffror. / The purpose of this study was to investigate mediating effects by self-determined motivation and controlled motivation on the relationship between need satisfaction and gym training. All based on previous research and with the Self-Determination Theory as an analytical standpoint. 107 people participated in the study, of which 47 were men and 60 were women, in ages between 18-59 (​M=​ 29.2, ​SD​=8.4). The result shows that self-determined motivation mediated the relationship between need satisfaction and gym training, while controlled motivation does not. This result correspond with what previous research has shown and emphasizes the importance of self-determined motivation further. The authors of this study calls for qualitative research on this field that can extract empirical data expressed in words rather than numbers.

This study comprised an information audit of certain micro enterprises of Umkhanyakude District Municipality in northern KwaZulu-Natal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the information needs, information resources available and the information gaps that exist in these enterprises. The Umkhanyakude District Municipality consists of five local municipalities, but this study focused mainly on two, Jozini and Mtubatuba, because of their large number of local economic activities compared with the other local municipalities. The study primarily used questionnaires to collect data. These questionnaires were administered in the two municipalities identified. The results of the study revealed that technical information relating to business and financial management were the highest ranking information needs indicated by the sampled enterprises. Legal and business management information was the second most-needed information for these enterprises. The study also revealed a correlation between the academic level of the entrepreneurs, the type of business that the entrepreneurs operate and the kind of information they needed. The information resources that these enterprises had and used included newspapers, business magazines, market research documents and government documents. Based on the responses of the respondents, a gap was identified. This includes the lack of relevant sources of information that meet the respondents' information needs. This study also revealed that there are a number of institutions that provide information for these enterprises, such as community libraries, government information centres, bookshops, government offices and so on. Although these information resource institutions exist within the district municipality, these enterprises also have other information needs. This therefore led the researcher to conclude that these information resource structures are not providing their services according to the needs of the community at large. Based on the identified gaps the researcher recommends a participatory proactive approach. This approach uses participatory development communication platforms for the district municipality, the information resource institutions and local enterprises. The district municipality needs to have a platform which will identify information needs, gaps and pportunities for local enterprises. The information resource institutions need to provide platforms where they can assess the information needs of their customers and also have a customer management feedback system where they can assess whether they are responding to the customer needs. Finally, the micro enterprises need to use existing platforms to make the municipality and information resource institutions aware of their information needs. These platforms could include local and presidential izimbizo where the government comes to the people to address their concerns and issues. The approach recommended by this study is part of a development communication approach where participatory two-way communication platforms are used to bring about development. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Information Science / unrestricted

Between 4000-10 000 ads each day every day. That is how many ads we as customers are exposed to individually, each and every day. To reach a higher efficiency in marketing, marketing managers and store owners nowadays aiming to increase the customer satisfaction by striving to understand the customer behavior and their decisioning-making. For the aim of this thesis, we investigated if coloring cues in the retail environment had an impact on customers’ behavior in a specific retail store environment. This experiment was taken place in a small town within Sweden, named Karlstad. The retail store belongs to the electronic sector and the participants included in the experiment were randomly visiting customers of this electronical retail store. In the experiment we used IoT devices from Texas Instruments, a sensor device, called CC2650, enabled us to collect data from interactions by customers and products. In our experiment we compared three periods of data with the help from the analysis method of one-way ANOVA. The result was showing that there is a significant variance between at least two of our three periods of measurements, and by the results of this thesis we could reject the Null Hypothesis (H0). As the H0, were telling that there would not be any differences between any of the three measured periods of time. Further, with insights from our one-way ANOVA, we could determine with help from a complementary analysis method, the Tukey’s HSD, we could point out which periods that were significant different from one another. This made us come into conclusions that there is a possibility to predict the customer behavior and the customer’s Need for Touch (NFT), a part of the nudging theory, and can give the marketing managers and store owners in retail an increase of understanding of the customer’s behavior. Future research could look into how customer’s behavior can change within different type of retail stores, and also if coloring cues in retail stores within bigger cities will have another impact on customer’s behavior.

TITLE: Influence of Social Benefits of Material Need on the Motivation of Employment Office Clients to Integrate into the Working Process AUTHOR: Bc. Anna Kudláková, DiS. DEPARTMENT: Management and Supervision in Social and Health Care Organizations SUPERVIZOR: Prof. JUDr. Igor Tomeš, CSc. The goal of the dissertation is to describe the topic of unemployment in the Czech Republic not only in terms as well as historical development, social, economic, and social conditions of unemployed. The primary aim of this dissertation is to determine the impact of social benefits, depending on client's attempt to work on his or her inclusion into the work process. The dissertation seeks to determine whether passive labour market policies are effective, especially the social benefits for the unemployed. The paper also tries to explain the main causes of long-term unemployment and it is impact on individuals. The dissertation also seeks to find out whether the system of assistance in material need has a positive impact on clients of labour office or whether is discouraging to the potential efforts of eventual integration into the labour market. The dissertation also answers to the question if the system of assistance in material need is one of the conditions of the emergence of the poverty cycle. Key words:...