Este trabalho teve por objetivo aprofundar a reflexão e a compreensão sobre a lógica da relação sociedade-natureza nas culturas tradicionais, bem como sobre as contradições existentes nas políticas públicas territoriais de conservação da natureza, no que se refere à valorização do modo de vida tradicional. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da análise dessas políticas e do estudo de um bairro rural tradicional caipira, o bairro dos Paulo, localizado no município de Ibiúna - São Paulo, na área de abrangência do Parque Estadual do Jurupará. O estudo de caso apresentou os elementos empíricos necessários para aprofundar a compreensão da problemática tratada pela pesquisa, ou seja, a maneira pela qual se processaram os conflitos sociais, em um contexto histórico, entre dois tipos de racionalidade e de modo de vida: um rural tradicional e, outro, contemporâneo, urbano-industrial. O desenvolvimento da pesquisa em campo se deu segundo o método da pesquisa participante, adotando-se a entrevista semiestruturada como instrumento de coleta de dados. A análise dos documentos legais e das entrevistas foi realizada com base no método de análise textual discursiva. Foi efetuado ainda o estudo comparativo do uso do solo, das glebas pertencentes à família dos Paulo, em diferentes momentos históricos: 1962, 1978 e 2009, a partir de dados secundários e de fotografias aéreas. Trata-se de um estudo geográfico de abordagem cultural crítica, em que foram definidas três categorias centrais de análise foram definidas: o território, o modo de vida tradicional e as políticas públicas territoriais de conservação da natureza. Categorias estas que, articuladas, possibilitaram identificar as formas de adaptação e a alta capacidade de resistência da cultura caipira frente aos impactos a que foi submetida, particularmente, com as transformações advindas do progresso brasileiro e, posteriormente, com a investida do Estado em criar uma Reserva Florestal, posteriormente transformada em um Parque Estadual em território caipira. A pesquisa demonstrou que os territórios tradicionais se configuram a partir de uma conduta ética diferenciada na relação sociedade-natureza. O modo de vida tradicional reflete saberes e valores que configuram um tipo específico de território, onde sua permanência no tempo, ao longo de sucessivas gerações, bem como a conservação da natureza são condições para a reprodução material e social das chamadas populações tradicionais. Na sua construção histórica, enquanto patrimônio territorial, delineia-se um tipo de gestão e de planejamento específicos, onde princípios, normas, critérios, formas de comando e hierarquias existem calcados em uma forte condição de autonomia, características estas incompatíveis com as diretrizes legais estabelecidas nos territórios de conservação da natureza. Território e modo de vida foram categorias a partir das quais se pôde, ainda, neste estudo, delinear dez premissas para a atuação do Estado junto aos territórios tradicionais caipiras, segundo seus próprios padrões de desenvolvimento, sem o que se entende que não há como falar em reconhecimento e respeito ao modo de vida tradicional. A coerência destas premissas foi discutida tendo-se por referência modelos teóricos de desenvolvimento econômico, considerados compatíveis com as características do território tradicional. / The present paper has the objective of deepening the reflection and comprehension on the logic of the relationship nature-society in traditional cultures, together with the understanding the contradictions of the territorial public policies related to environmental conservation, and to its esteem of the traditional way of life. The research was performed analysing policies and the traditional rural neighbourhood inhabitants, Paulos neighbourhood, located in the city of Ibiúna- São Paulo, in the area within the State Park of Jurupará. The case study managed to present the empirical elements required to expand the debate comprehension proposed by the research, meaning, the way social conflicts are treated in historical context, amid two types of rationality: the rural traditional and the contemporary, urban industrial. The field research was developed in the basis of participant observation method, adopting semi-structured interviews as instrument for data collection. The analysis of legal documents and interviews was performed in the textual and discourse analysis method. Following up a comparative study of soil usage was made in the land owned by Paulos family, in different historical periods: 1962, 1978, 2009 through secondary data and photographed areas. Overall, it is a geographic study with critical cultural approach, where three central categories of analyses are defined: the territory, the traditional way of life and the territorial public policies related to environmental conservation. This categories hinged upon each other, make possible the identification of adaptation formats and high persistence cultural capacity of the inhabitants, even when faced with the impacts they were submitted, specially by the transformations set up by the brazilian progress and, afterwards by the State intention to create a Reserve, later converted into State Park. The research demonstrated that traditional territories are based on a different code of ethical conduct on the relationship between society-nature. The traditional way of life reflects knowledge and value which translate to a specific type of territory. A territory where its time persistence, through successive generations, as well as through environmental conservation are conditions for the material and social reproduction of the, so called, traditional populations. In its historical construction, as territorial heritage, there is a specific type of outline for planning and management, where principles, norms, criteria, forms of command and hierarch are built upon a strong sense of autonomy, features incompatible with the legal regulations established for the environmental conservation territories. Territory and way of life are categories from which, in this study, ten premises for State action were proposed together with the territory inhabitants and according to their own pattern of development. Premises understood as essential elements for recognition and respect of the traditional way of life. The coherence of this premises were debated as reference to economic development theoretical models compatible with the traditional territory characteristics.

[pt] A Revolução Industrial, a que se seguiu o paradigma desenvolvimentista do Século XX, legou cidades e indústrias interdependentes e determinantes entre si. Paradoxalmente, percebe-se a coexistência conflituosa entre áreas urbanas fabris e habitadas, que parece inconciliável. Muitos dos conflitos advêm de impactos de vizinhança, cuja regulação ainda não se encontra formulada e pacífica. A presente pesquisa investiga os elementos que favorecem ou prejudicam essa convivência, e propõe método de suporte à decisão voltado à gestão de impactos de vizinhança, não regulados por leis e padrões. O método baseia-se em pesquisa qualitativa de percepção de materialidade/importância dos impactos, com grupo focal, ponderada pela avaliação escalar da sua magnitude, conforme a distância entre indústria e zonas urbanas com usos distintos – em especial o residencial – em uma matriz/diagrama de apoio à decisão. Pode ser aplicado como instrumento de gestão de conflitos, no planejamento locacional de empreendimentos de alto potencial de impactos de vizinhança e no Planejamento Participativo. O caso estudado, objeto empírico da presente pesquisa, é a ThyssenKrupp Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico (TKCSA), em Santa Cruz – bairro de 398 mil habitantes da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Siderúrgica integrada, a TKCSA iniciou suas operações em 2010. O Distrito Industrial que a recebeu, criado décadas antes, já havia atraí-do às vizinhanças vilas operárias e assentamentos informais. Em diferentes momentos, desajustes operacionais e falhas de comunicação levaram a conflitos e crises. O teste de aplicação do método desenvolvido indicou sua utilidade para a finalidade a que se propõe. / [en] Cities and Industries are interdependent and determinant among themselves. However, since the first cycle of industrialization in England at the end of the 19th Century, the conflicting coexistence between manufacturing and inhabited areas seems irreconcilable. Modernist planning proposed Industrial Districts designed under a Keynesian perspective. In contemporary times, industrial zones has followed a globalizing logic. Transnational corporations determine on a planetary scale where to locate their production platforms, in favor of profits maximization. This movement is ruled – but also facilitated – by the State in a balance between national interest and a business-friendly ambient (Harvey, 1989). Industries and other sectors of the cities need to be close. The question is: how close? Is there a desired distance that guarantees to the City and its inhabitants the highest positive externalities of industrialization, reducing, however, negative impacts and discomforts? Does environmental technology have a real capacity to positively interfere? Which elements should base environmental and neighborhood impact assessments so that: (i) emergent conflicts can be solved; or (ii) due and fair measures can be establish to overcome or compensate for the negative impacts; and (iii) early precise assessments precede new ventures? This research aims at proposing a decision-aiding method for the management of neighborhood impacts (not regulated by laws or standards), identifying aspects to facilitate coexistence between industries and neighbors.

Abstract The thesis investigates how the European Union promotes stability and security in the Mediterranean region. The aim is to analyse the European Union’s security ambitions with Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, the Barcelona Process. An analytical framework with five sectors (military, political, economic, environmental and societal), based on the Copenhagen School’s theories about security sectors and securitization, is used for the analysis. Within the framework threats, objectives and methods are categorized into each security sector. Then it is possible to distinguish if any sector is more prioritised by the EU. Qualitative text analysis is used to examine relevant EU-documents. The result of the analysis shows that the European Union prioritizes the economical and societal sector in promoting peace and security within the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Through economical integration and cultural dialogue, the EU tries to enhance security and stability. The EU emphasises the importance of global governance and international law for a stable peace. The study concludes that the widened concept of security, within the Copenhagen School, can help to explain the European Union’s work inside the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership.

This study examines the European Unions (EU) promoting of regional cooperation, included in its programme, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). The thesis is based upon the agreed activities in the EU/Ukraine relation concerning regional cooperation. The aim for this thesis is to visualise the policy outcome of the ENP concerning the EU/Ukraine relation and regional cooperation. The following questions are posed: What are the goals for the EU; what are the achievements and planned actions and what instruments are used by the EU in the ENP concerning the EU/Ukraine relation and regional cooperation? The theoretical approach assumes that the Union is a power in international relations. It’s well suited promoting its policies in an asymmetric power environment, where the EU is the supremacy. This study is conducted with a qualitative research method, based on text analysis on the European Unions official documents. The result shows that the goals for the Union are the protection of its prosperity and its energy supply. Ukraine shall assist the EU, reaching these goals. In exchange, is the EU promising integration to the Unions internal market for Ukraine. But the EU has problems when this contravenes to Russia’s interests. This confirms the theory.

L’exportation des normes de l’UE vers les pays voisins dans le domaine de la régulation des marchés gaziers et de leurs infrastructures est devenue le leitmotiv de la politique énergétique européenne extérieure. Cette thèse analyse les défis énergétiques auxquels est confrontée l’UE ; elle évalue également la politique européenne en matière de sécurité énergétique vis-à-vis de l’Azerbaïdjan et de l’Algérie ainsi que l’influence transformatrice de l’Union dans ces pays. L’analyse cherche à comprendre si, et dans quelle mesure, l’UE peut exporter ses normes vers les deux fournisseurs gaziers dans le cadre de sa gouvernance énergétique extérieure. La démarche méthodologique met en évidence les limites des explications dominantes de convergence fondées sur l’institutionnalisme rationnel et constructiviste et se propose de les enrichir en s’appuyant sur les cadres analytiques des études de diffusion et du « decentring ». Sur la base d’ouvrages spécialisés, de documents officiels et de 85 entretiens avec des acteurs publics de l’UE, d’Azerbaïdjan et d’Algérie et avec des acteurs privés à Bruxelles, Bakou et Alger, l’analyse cherche à expliquer la plus ou moins grande convergence des normes de l’UE. L’analyse s’attache à la coopération énergétique avec l’UE, les secteurs énergétiques et les projets d’infrastructures des deux pays au travers de six études de cas. La thèse se propose d’élargir la portée des études existantes en intégrant les influences de la situation géopolitique et du marché qui pèsent souvent de manière plus importante que les contraintes européennes et soutient dès lors que la gouvernance énergétique extérieure est seulement durable, si elle est « décentrée ». / The export of EU norms to regulate gas markets and transnational infrastructure has become the leitmotif of EU external energy policy in the neighbourhood. This thesis unpacks the underlying energy policy challenge of the EU, before analysing its approach to ensure energy security towards Azerbaijan and Algeria and examining the Union’s transformative influence. The major question of the research is: How and to which extent can the EU export its energy norms and policies towards both strategic neighbouring suppliers of natural gas, which represent least likely cases of EU external energy governance? The analytical framework sheds light on the limits of major rationalist and constructivist institutionalist explanations in accounting for convergence with EU energy norms and addresses them by drawing on insights from diffusion studies and the decentring framework. Relying on qualitative document and data analysis as well as extensive fieldwork and 85 interviews carried out with EU, Azerbaijani and Algerian officials as well as representatives of energy companies in Brussels, Baku, and Algiers, the research accounts for a varying degree of convergence as the result of an unstable and conflictual process. Examining energy cooperation with the EU, domestic energy sectors and major infrastructure projects within six case studies, the analysis sheds light on EU norm export from a bottom-up perspective of neighbouring public actors. The thesis broadens the scope of existing studies by factoring in geopolitical and market-based constraints and influences, which often outweigh EU coercion and depicts that EU external energy governance can only be sustainable, if it is ‘decentred’.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / In this thesis, we describe linear codes over prime fields obtained from incidence designs of iterated line graphs of complete graphs Li(Kn) where i = 1, 2. In the binary case, results are extended to codes from neighbourhood designs of the line graphs Li+1(Kn) using certain elementary relations. Codes from incidence designs of complete graphs, Kn, and neighbourhood designs of their line graphs, L1(Kn) (the so-called triangular graphs), have been considered elsewhere by others. We consider codes from incidence designs of L1(Kn) and L2(Kn), and neighbourhood designs of L2(Kn) and L3(Kn). In each case, basic parameters of the codes are determined. Further, we introduce a family of vertex-transitive graphs Γn that are embeddable into the strong product L1(Kn)⊠  K2, of triangular graphs and K2, a class which at first sight may seem unnatural but, on closer look, is a repository of graphs rich with combinatorial structures. For instance, unlike most regular graphs considered here and elsewhere that only come with incidence and neighbourhood designs, Γn also has what we have termed as 6-cycle designs. These are designs in which the point set contains vertices of the graph and every block contains vertices of a 6-cycle in the graph. Also, binary codes from incidence matrices of these graphs have other minimum words in addition to incidence vectors of the blocks. In addition, these graphs have induced subgraphs isomorphic to the family Hn of complete porcupines (see Definition 4.11). We describe codes from incidence matrices of Γn and Hn and determine their parameters. / South Africa

Study 1 - Individual - The purpose was to determine whether a 12-week behavioural risk reduction intervention caused self-reported MVPA to increase and to identify associated Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) constructs. Three hundred twenty-four physically inactive (<150 minutes/week moderate-vigorous PA) participants were included. Intervention participants were significantly more likely to meet PA guidelines at 12-weeks (OR=3.54, 95% CI 2.22-5.63, p<.001), which was significantly correlated with increases in TPB constructs. // Study 2 - Family - Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 participants to elicit perceptions of factors that influence PA. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, coded and analyzed. Spouses were more likely to engage in PA with their spouse after the CHD event; however this may be limited by their partners’ capabilities. The data suggests awareness of an increased susceptibility to CHD is not stimulating participants to increase their own PA to prevent future risk, particularly among offspring, but they may take other actions. The shared family environment can promote PA, although intensity may be limited. // Study 3 - Neighbourhood - Self-reported PA from a prospective behavioural risk reduction intervention was explored in the context of objectively measured Walk Scores and neighbourhood walkability in Ottawa, Canada. Participants in the intervention arm had significantly higher odds of meeting PA guidelines at 12-weeks compared to the standard care control group. This was not influenced by Walk Scores or walkability. This individual-level intervention was effective in assisting participants to overcome potential structural barriers presented by their neighbourhood to meet PA guidelines at 12-weeks.

The aim of this proposal is socialogical analysis, interpretation, construction and urbanistic recommendation related to an impact of social changes in specific neighborhood on life standarts and real estates‘ costs in the area. Social changes could be negative, such as social degradation of certain area, worsening of quality of the environment, worsening relationships and also social deviation (for example criminality). Positive changes represents mostly gentrification, which includes positive changes of social and tangible environment. These are followed by price encrease of life standarts which is displacing old settlers. In our experience these areas of life standarts and real estates prices are linked and it is possible to use synergistic influence of changes to adjust tangible and social environment.

No description available.

I denna studie har jag administrerat ett ordinlärningstest och ett vokabulärtest för barn som har en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Ordinlärningstestet är baserat på en svensk anpassning av Storkel, Armbrüster &amp; Hogan (2006) engelska ordinlärningsparadigm. Syftet var att undersöka effekterna av fonotaktisk sannolikhet och grannordstäthet på ordinlärning. Storkel et al. (2006) genomförde paradigmet ursprungligen på en grupp med vuxna och i tidigare studier då paradigmet använts på barn har det anpassats på olika sätt. Anpassningarna i denna studie har varit ökade upprepningar av orden under testningen samt att barnen har fått peka på bilder istället för att säga orden som svarsalternativ då många av deltagarna har begränsade möjligheter att utrycka sig med ord.   Resultaten av vokabulärtestet och ordinlärningstestet har jämförts med typiskt utvecklade barn. Utifrån vokabulärtestets resultat så har testgruppen för barn med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning presterat lägre än barn med typisk utveckling. För framtida studier skulle ett vokabulärtest kunna utformas med mer anpassade och tydliga bilder för barn med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning.   Resultaten för ordinlärningstestet med pekningar som svarsalternativ har inte kunnat ge ett fullständigt resultat utan det har endast kunnat ske visuella inspektioner av den insamlade datan. Utifrån den visuella inspektionen kunde man inte antyda något tecken på ökat lärande eller effekter av fonotaktisk sannolikhet eller grannordstäthet. Vid jämförandet med typiskt utvecklade barn antyder det att dessa barn når ett högre resultat än testgruppen med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Däremot har det skett intressanta beteendeobservationer under ordinlärningstestet. Det skedde spontana verbala repetitioner av orden under testningen. Antal gånger orden repeterades ökade för varje testomgång och det fanns också trender för kombinationerna hög fonotaktisk sannolikhet &amp; hög grannordstäthet och låg fonotaktisk sannolikhet &amp; låg grannordstäthet. För framtida forskning kan dessa resultat och hur testen administreras vara intressant för hur nya studier skulle kunna designas. / In this study, I have administered a word-learning test and a vocabulary test for children with intellectual disabilities. The word-learning test in this study is based on a swedish adaptation of Storkel, Armbrüster &amp; Hogan (2006) english word-learning paradigm. The purpose was to investigate the effects of phonological probability and neighborhood density on word-learning. Storkel et al. (2006) originally implemented the paradigm on a group of adults and in previous studies when the paradigm was used on children it has been adapted in different ways. The adaptations in this study have been increased repetitions of the words during the testing and that the children have been allowed to point at pictures instead of saying the words as a response alternative, because many of the participants have limited opportunities to express themselves with words.   The results of the vocabulary test and the word-learning test have been compared with typically developed children. Based on the results of the vocabulary test, the test group for children with intellectual disabilities performed lower than children with typical development. For future studies, a vocabulary test could be designed with more customized images for children with intellectual disabilities.   The results for the word-learning test with pointing as a response alternative have not been able to give a complete result, only visual inspections of the collected data have been possible. Based on the visual inspections, there was no indication of increased learning or effects of phonological probability or neighborhood density. However, interesting behavioural observations has been observed during the word-learning test. Spontaneous verbal repetitions of the words were observed during testing. The number of times the words were repeated increased for each test session and there were also trends for an effect for the combinations high phonological probability &amp; high neighborhood density and low phonological probability &amp; low neighborhood density. For future research, these results and how the tests were administered may be interesting and helpful in how new studies could be designed.