But La diminution du transport actif scolaire est une problématique préoccupante dont les déterminants sont encore mal connus. Nous nous sommes donc penchée sur la question suivante : Quelle est la contribution de l’environnement bâti pour le choix d’un mode de transport actif pour les déplacements scolaires des enfants demeurant à proximité de leur école ? Méthodologie Pour répondre à cette question, nous nous sommes basée sur le cadre conceptuel de Tracy McMillan. Nous avons caractérisé le voisinage de trois écoles en milieu urbain et de trois écoles en milieu suburbain de la région de Montréal. Également, nous avons analysé les données du Groupe de recherche Ville et mobilité concernant les comportements des enfants ainsi que les comportements et perceptions des parents. Résultats Quatre des cas à l’étude se démarquent en raison de leur forte proportion de transport actif scolaire, soit les trois milieux urbains et un milieu suburbain. Les points communs de ces quatre cas sont la perméabilité du réseau viaire pour les piétons et les cyclistes et la perception favorable des parents vis-à-vis le transport actif scolaire. Conclusion Les environnements suburbains génèrent des comportements de transport actif uniquement chez les enfants alors que les environnements urbains génèrent systématiquement des comportements de transport actif chez les adultes et les enfants. Ce faisant, nous pouvons penser que les caractéristiques de l’environnement bâti des milieux urbains influencent les perceptions et les comportements des parents en faveur du transport actif scolaire. / Purpose The proportion of children actively commuting to school has decreased significantly but few studies have investigated factors that might affect school mobility. This research examines the influence of a wide range of factors (such as urban form characteristics, parent’s travel behaviours and parental perceptions) on school travel behaviour for children who live near school. Methods The Tracy McMillan’s conceptual framework of an elementary-aged child’s trip to school was used. We objectively measured environmental attributes of three urban neighbourhoods and three suburban neighbourhoods in Montreal metropolitan area. Data of the Groupe de recherche Ville et mobilité regarding children trips to school, parental perceptions and parents’ travel behaviours were analysed. Results A high proportion of children are actively commuting to school in the three urban neighbourhoods and in one suburban neighbourhood. Connectivity for pedestrians and cyclists and positive parental perception of school active transportation are positively associated with high proportion of walking and biking to school in these four neighbourhoods. Conclusion Suburban neighbourhoods support active transportation only for children whereas urban neighbourhoods support active transportation for children and parents. Attributes of built environment in urban neighbourhoods seem to have a positive effect on parental perceptions and behaviours regarding walking and biking for school trips.

When residential segregation is mentioned in news coverage and when it is talked about in everyday discourse in Sweden, it is very often associated with immigration and minority groups living in the poorer areas of the city. A common assumption is that “immigrants” actively withdraw from society and that they choose to live together rather than integrating with the majority population. This study, however, argues that discussions about segregation cannot be limited to the areas where minorities and poorer-income groups live, but must understand segregation as a process occurring in the whole system of urban neighbourhoods. In order to reach a more complete understanding of the ways in which segregation processes are at work in contemporary Swedish cities, knowledge is needed about the inhabitants with greater resources and power to choose their dwellings and residential areas. The neighbourhood choices of more privileged groups, and the socio-spatial reproduction of the areas of the upper-middle class, are investigated by applying a qualitative ethnographic framework. The thesis studies two neighbourhoods located in the post-industrial city of Malmö: Victoria Park, a US-inspired “lifestyle community” which is the first of its kind in Sweden, and Bellevue, older but still one of the most exclusive and high-status neighbourhoods in the city. In order to understand self-segregation among privileged groups, the study especially scrutinises the concepts of class and security as well as the impacts of neoliberalisation on the Swedish housing market. The main argument of the study is that the self-segregation by members of the upper-middle class demonstrates a rift which runs through the urban fabric of Malmö, splintering the city up into perceived separate worlds. The existence of physical, symbolic and social boundaries in Victoria Park and Bellevue reproduces these neighbourhoods as exclusive, private and tranquil spaces of the upper-middle class. By locating themselves in the calm and safe part of the city, the upper-middle class can buy security as a commodity, rather than relying on the welfare state to provide it for them.

Quand nous nous penchons sur la ville en tant que lieu d'expérimentations, il faut saisir son évolution tout au long des années, l'histoire de ses quartiers en tenant compte les caractéristiques de l'espace urbain ainsi que les conditions sociales et culturelles de ses habitants. Il est possible d’étudier la ville dans la diversité de ses emplois et de ses utilisateurs, bien comme étudier les conflits et négociations qui sont à l'origine de cette pluralité. Le noyau de notre recherche a été le conflit entre deux groupes d'utilisateurs, des habitants et des commerçants, du quartier Cidade Baixa à Porto Alegre – RS. Telle situation a déployé des efforts de la municipalité pour améliorer la convivialité entre eux, car mettre en accord leurs intérêts, tout à fait différents, posait des problèmes. Notre idée a été d'identifier et de comprendre les caractéristiques de ces deux groupes en ce qui concernait la valeur et le signifié donnés au quartier. À partir de ces observations, nous avons discuté la valeur perçue par les deux groupes en tant que habitants du quartier Cidade Baixa. Dans cette étape, notre but était d'identifier et de comprendre les rapports entre l'ensemble de valeurs personnelles et les valeurs perçues par l'un et l'autre par rapport aux caractéristiques du quartier. Les concepts issus du markéting et de la psychologie environnementale ont été utilisés dans cette recherche, ainsi que celui du territoire et ses dérivations. La premier étape de l'étude a permis de comprendre le contexte du quartier Cidade Baixa, ses utilisateurs et de sélectionner les groupes d'utilisateurs pour l'analyse. Dans la seconde, nous avons réuni et nous avons analysé des données sur la perçue du quartier et sur des valeurs personnelles des deux groupes. En fin de compte, la dernière étape a réuni des données sur la valeur perçue par les groupes d'utilisateurs. Elle s'est penchée aussi sur l'analyse et la discussion des données des étapes antérieures. Nous croyons avoir contribué à la compréhension et à la comparaison des valeurs perçues par des groupes d'utilisateurs du quartier Cidade Baixa, aux différentes façons d'analyser et réunir des données et au concept de valeur perçue dans le cadre du territoire “quartier”. / This research aim was to contribute to the knowledge about the perception of value on the territory in the neighborhood level. When investigating the city as a place of experiences, it is required an appreciation of its evolution over time and stories of its neighborhoods’ both from the urban environment point of view as in the social and cultural conditions of the population who lives on it. The city can be studied in its diversity of usages and users, as well as in the conflict and negotiations’ coexistence resulting from this plurality. The research focuses was the conflict between two groups of users, residents and traders from the Cidade Baixa neighborhood in Porto Alegre – RS, which resulted in efforts from the municipal public power to improve the conviviality between them, due the difficulty of reconcile the distinct interests which overlap. The purpose was to indentify and comprehend the characteristics from the two users groups in the way which they assign value and meaning to neighborhood they make use from. Based on that, I discuss the perception of value from both groups when committed in the neighborhood Cidade Baixa. The goal was to identify and understand the relation between the composition of personal values and values from both groups of users in relation to the neighborhood’s characteristics. The concept used originates especially from areas of environment – behavior and marketing. The research made use of the concept of territory and its derivations. The investigation was divided in three big stages, the first one had the purpose of understand the Cidade Baixa neighborhood’s and users context, as well as perform the selection of the users groups to be analyzed; in the second stage, data about perception of neighborhood and individual values from both studied groups were collected and analyzed; in the last stage, data about value perception from the groups of users were collected and analyzed, applying the data from the previous stages in the discussion and analysis. The main research’s contributions are related to the understanding and comparison of perception of value from the users groups in the neighborhood’s scope, the comparison from different analysis techniques and collected data, as well as the conceptual contributions about the concept of perceived values in the territory context: the neighborhood.

Les travaux de recherche présentés et discutés dans cette thèse s’intéressent aux grandes collections d’images numériques. Plus particulièrement, nous cherchons à donner à un utilisateur la possibilité d’explorer ces collections d’images, soit dans le but d’en extraire de l’information et de la connaissance, soit de permettre une certaine sérendipité dans l’exploration. Ainsi, cette problématique est abordée du point de vue de l’analyse et l’exploration interactive des données. Nous tirons profit du paradigme de navigation par similarité et visons à respecter simultanément les trois contraintes suivantes : (i) traiter de grandes collections d’images, (ii) traiter des collections dont le nombre d’images ne cesse de croître au cours du temps et (iii) donner des moyens d’explorer interactivement des collections d’images. Pour ce faire, nous proposons d’effectuer une étude conjointe de l’indexation et de la visualisation de grandes collections d’images qui s’agrandissent au cours du temps. / The research work that is presented and discussed in this thesis focuses on large and evergrowing image collections. More specifically, we aim at providing one the possibility to explore such image collections, either to extract some kind of information and knowledge, or to wander in the collections. This thesis addresses this issue from the perspective of Interactive Data Exploration and Analytics. We take advantage of the similarity-based image collection browsing paradigm and aim at meeting simultaneously the three following constraints: (i) handling large image collections, up to millions of images, (ii) handling dynamic image collections, to deal with ever-growing image collections, and (iii) providing interactive means to explore image collections. To do so, we jointly study the indexing and the interactive visualisation of large and ever-growing image collections.

O trabalho versa sobre a clareza das finalidades e dos papéis dos instrumentos de análise de impacto, a fim de ampliar e consolidar a implementação do Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança - EIV, como um componente importante na aplicação de políticas urbanas. Práticas profissionais mais consolidadas na administração pública, no caso em análise vinculadas à política ambiental, como a aplicação dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental - EIA, afetam, direta ou indiretamente, a delimitação de campos de aplicação atribuíveis a esses dois tipos de estudo de impacto. A pesquisa começa com a identificação da gênese do EIV e do EIA e procura, através de uma visão histórica, o reconhecimento dos principais conceitos e das definições legais de âmbito federal, utilizando referências nacionais com algumas citações de experiências internacionais. A seguir, é realizada uma análise de cunho conceitual, tendo como método a interpretação da formação de conceitos e das definições operacionais e diretivas de aplicação do EIA e do EIV, reportando-os a uma tipologia das principais vertentes do planejamento urbano. O estudo de caso é realizado pela análise das legislações municipais das cidades de São Paulo e de Porto Alegre, a fim de identificar a implementação dos dois instrumentos de impacto. / The work aims at the clarification of impact assessment tools intents and roles in order to extend and consolidate the Neighbourhood Impact Assessment (NIA) implementation as a meaningful resource in public policies administration. Better consolidated professional practices used in public administration and in our case related to environmental policies such as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) affect directly or indirectly the definition of usage fields for both types of impact assessments. Our research starts by identifying the origins of NIA and EIA and through a historical point of view tries to establish the main concepts and legal definitions in the federal realm using national references and also some international sources. Next a concept based analysis on the interpretation of concepts formation and operational and directive definitions of NIA and EIA is carried out based on the typology of the main strands of urban planning. The case study to identify the practice of both assessment tools is conducted analyzing local government laws from the cities of Porto Alegre and São Paulo.

Quand nous nous penchons sur la ville en tant que lieu d'expérimentations, il faut saisir son évolution tout au long des années, l'histoire de ses quartiers en tenant compte les caractéristiques de l'espace urbain ainsi que les conditions sociales et culturelles de ses habitants. Il est possible d’étudier la ville dans la diversité de ses emplois et de ses utilisateurs, bien comme étudier les conflits et négociations qui sont à l'origine de cette pluralité. Le noyau de notre recherche a été le conflit entre deux groupes d'utilisateurs, des habitants et des commerçants, du quartier Cidade Baixa à Porto Alegre – RS. Telle situation a déployé des efforts de la municipalité pour améliorer la convivialité entre eux, car mettre en accord leurs intérêts, tout à fait différents, posait des problèmes. Notre idée a été d'identifier et de comprendre les caractéristiques de ces deux groupes en ce qui concernait la valeur et le signifié donnés au quartier. À partir de ces observations, nous avons discuté la valeur perçue par les deux groupes en tant que habitants du quartier Cidade Baixa. Dans cette étape, notre but était d'identifier et de comprendre les rapports entre l'ensemble de valeurs personnelles et les valeurs perçues par l'un et l'autre par rapport aux caractéristiques du quartier. Les concepts issus du markéting et de la psychologie environnementale ont été utilisés dans cette recherche, ainsi que celui du territoire et ses dérivations. La premier étape de l'étude a permis de comprendre le contexte du quartier Cidade Baixa, ses utilisateurs et de sélectionner les groupes d'utilisateurs pour l'analyse. Dans la seconde, nous avons réuni et nous avons analysé des données sur la perçue du quartier et sur des valeurs personnelles des deux groupes. En fin de compte, la dernière étape a réuni des données sur la valeur perçue par les groupes d'utilisateurs. Elle s'est penchée aussi sur l'analyse et la discussion des données des étapes antérieures. Nous croyons avoir contribué à la compréhension et à la comparaison des valeurs perçues par des groupes d'utilisateurs du quartier Cidade Baixa, aux différentes façons d'analyser et réunir des données et au concept de valeur perçue dans le cadre du territoire “quartier”. / This research aim was to contribute to the knowledge about the perception of value on the territory in the neighborhood level. When investigating the city as a place of experiences, it is required an appreciation of its evolution over time and stories of its neighborhoods’ both from the urban environment point of view as in the social and cultural conditions of the population who lives on it. The city can be studied in its diversity of usages and users, as well as in the conflict and negotiations’ coexistence resulting from this plurality. The research focuses was the conflict between two groups of users, residents and traders from the Cidade Baixa neighborhood in Porto Alegre – RS, which resulted in efforts from the municipal public power to improve the conviviality between them, due the difficulty of reconcile the distinct interests which overlap. The purpose was to indentify and comprehend the characteristics from the two users groups in the way which they assign value and meaning to neighborhood they make use from. Based on that, I discuss the perception of value from both groups when committed in the neighborhood Cidade Baixa. The goal was to identify and understand the relation between the composition of personal values and values from both groups of users in relation to the neighborhood’s characteristics. The concept used originates especially from areas of environment – behavior and marketing. The research made use of the concept of territory and its derivations. The investigation was divided in three big stages, the first one had the purpose of understand the Cidade Baixa neighborhood’s and users context, as well as perform the selection of the users groups to be analyzed; in the second stage, data about perception of neighborhood and individual values from both studied groups were collected and analyzed; in the last stage, data about value perception from the groups of users were collected and analyzed, applying the data from the previous stages in the discussion and analysis. The main research’s contributions are related to the understanding and comparison of perception of value from the users groups in the neighborhood’s scope, the comparison from different analysis techniques and collected data, as well as the conceptual contributions about the concept of perceived values in the territory context: the neighborhood.

O trabalho versa sobre a clareza das finalidades e dos papéis dos instrumentos de análise de impacto, a fim de ampliar e consolidar a implementação do Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança - EIV, como um componente importante na aplicação de políticas urbanas. Práticas profissionais mais consolidadas na administração pública, no caso em análise vinculadas à política ambiental, como a aplicação dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental - EIA, afetam, direta ou indiretamente, a delimitação de campos de aplicação atribuíveis a esses dois tipos de estudo de impacto. A pesquisa começa com a identificação da gênese do EIV e do EIA e procura, através de uma visão histórica, o reconhecimento dos principais conceitos e das definições legais de âmbito federal, utilizando referências nacionais com algumas citações de experiências internacionais. A seguir, é realizada uma análise de cunho conceitual, tendo como método a interpretação da formação de conceitos e das definições operacionais e diretivas de aplicação do EIA e do EIV, reportando-os a uma tipologia das principais vertentes do planejamento urbano. O estudo de caso é realizado pela análise das legislações municipais das cidades de São Paulo e de Porto Alegre, a fim de identificar a implementação dos dois instrumentos de impacto. / The work aims at the clarification of impact assessment tools intents and roles in order to extend and consolidate the Neighbourhood Impact Assessment (NIA) implementation as a meaningful resource in public policies administration. Better consolidated professional practices used in public administration and in our case related to environmental policies such as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) affect directly or indirectly the definition of usage fields for both types of impact assessments. Our research starts by identifying the origins of NIA and EIA and through a historical point of view tries to establish the main concepts and legal definitions in the federal realm using national references and also some international sources. Next a concept based analysis on the interpretation of concepts formation and operational and directive definitions of NIA and EIA is carried out based on the typology of the main strands of urban planning. The case study to identify the practice of both assessment tools is conducted analyzing local government laws from the cities of Porto Alegre and São Paulo.

Au moment d'écrire ma Thèse plus de 900 exoplanètes été annoncées et plus de 2700 planètes détectées par le télescope spatial Kepler sont en attente d'être confirmées. La haute précision des spectres et des courbes de lumière obtenue dans les relevés Doppler et transit, permet l'étude détaillée des paramètres des étoiles hôtes, et ouvre la possibilité d'enquêter sur les corrélations étoile planètes. En outre, la détermination des paramètres stellaires avec précision est un besoin critique pour déterminer les paramètres planétaires, à savoir, la masse, le rayon et la densité.Dans le cas des naines FGK, la détermination des paramètres stellaires est bien établie et peut être utilisée avec confiance pour étudier la relation planète-étoile ainsi que pour obtenir les paramètres planétaires avec une grande precision. Cependant, ce n'est pas le cas pour les naines M, les étoiles les plus communes de la Galaxie. Par rapport à leurs cousines plus chaudes, les naines M sont plus petites, plus froides, et plus faiblement lumineuses, et donc plus difficile à étudier. Le plus grand défi qui concerne les naines M est lié à la présence de milliards de lignes moléculaires qui gomme le continuum et rend l'analyse spectrale classique presque impossible. Trouver des fac ̧ons nouvelles et novatrices pour surmonter cet obstacle et obtenir une mesure des paramètres stellaires est l'objectif principal de cette Thèse .Pour l'atteindre, j'ai concentré mes recherches sur deux approches méthodologiques, photométrique et spectroscopiques. Mon premier travail avait pour objectif d'établir l'étalonnage de métallicité pho- tométrique précis. Par manque de binaires FGK+M avec de bonnes données photométriques je ne pouvais pas atteindre cet objectif. Il m'a cependant était possible, avec les données disponibles, de comparer les étalonnages photométriques déjà établies et légèrement améliorer le meilleur d'entre eux, comme décrit au Chapitre 3.Puis, je me suis concentré sur les approches spectroscopiques pour obtenir des paramètres stel- laires plus précis pour les naines M. À cette fin, j'ai utilisé des spectres HARPS de haute résolution et développé une méthode pour mesurer les lignes spectrales sans tenir compte du continuum . En utilisant cette méthode, je créé un nouvel étalonnage visible avec une précision de 0.08 dex pour [Fe/H] et 80 K pourTeff .Ce travail est détaillé dans le Chapitre 4.Finalement , j'ai également participé à l'amélioration des paramètres de l'étoile GJ3470 et de sa planète, où mon expertise dans les paramètres stellaires de naines M avait un rôle important. Les détails concernant cette enquête sont présentés dans le Chapitre 5 / At the time of writing of this Thesis more than 900 planets have been announced and about 2700 planets from the Kepler space telescope are waiting to be confirmed. The very precise spectra and light curves obtained in Doppler and transit surveys, allows the in-depth study of the parameters of the host stars, and opens the possibility to investigate the star-plant correlations. Also, determining the stellar parameters with precision is critical for more precise determinations of the planetary parameters, namely, mass, radius, and density.In the case of the FGK dwarfs, the determination of stellar parameters is well established and can be used with confidence to study the star-planet relation as well as to obtain precise planetary parameters. However, this is not the case for M dwarfs, the most common stars in the Galaxy. Compared to their hotter cousins, M dwarfs are smaller, colder, and fainter, and therefore harder to study. The biggest challenge regarding M dwarfs is related to the presence of billions of molecular lines that depress the continuum making a classical spectral analysis almost impossible. Finding new and innovative ways to overcome this obstacle in order to obtain precise stellar parameters is the goal of this Thesis.To achieve this goal I focused my research into two main avenues: photometric and spectroscopic methods. My initial work had the objective of establishing a precise photometric metallicity calibration, but I could not reach this goal, as I did not have enough FGK+M binaries with good photometric data. However, it was possible, with the available data, to compare the already established photometric calibrations and slightly improve the best one, as described in Chapter 3.Then, I focused on spectroscopic approaches with the aim of obtaining precise M dwarf parame- ters. To this end I used HARPS high-resolution spectra and developed a method to measure the spectral lines disregarding the continuum completely. Using this method I established a new visible calibration with a precision of 0.08 dex for [Fe/H] and 80 K for Te f f . This work is detailed in Chapter 4.Finally, I also participated in the refinement of the parameters of the star GJ3470 and its planet, where my expertise in stellar parameters of M dwarfs had an important role. The details regarding this investigation are shown in Chapter 5. / No momento em que escrevo esta Tese, o número de planetas anunciados já ultrapassou os 900 e os cerca de 2700 candidatos detectados pelo telescópio espacial Kepler esperam por confirmação. Os espectros e as curvas de luz obtidos nos programas de procura de planetas permitem, também, o estudo em profundidade dos parâmetros das estrelas com planetas e abrem a possibilidade de investigar a relação estrela-planeta. Neste contexto, a determinação com precisão dos parâmetros estelares é crítica na determinação precisa dos parâmetros planetários, nomeadamente, a massa, o raio e a densidade.No caso das anãs FGK, os métodos de determinação dos parâmetros estelares estão bem estabelecidos e podem ser usados com confiança no estudo da relação estrela-planeta, assim como na obtenção de parâmetros planetários precisos. No entanto, não é esse o caso para as anãs M, as estrelas mais comuns da nossa Galáxia. Ao contrário das suas primas, as estrelas M são mais pequenas, frias e ténues e, assim sendo, mais difíceis de estudar. O grande entrave no estudo das estrelas M está relacionado com a presença de biliões de linhas moleculares que deprimem o contínuo espectral, fazendo com que uma análise espectral clássica se torne quase impossível. A procura de métodos inovadores que possibilitem ultrapassar este obstáculo, tendo em vista a obtenção de parâmetros precisos, é o objectivo desta Tese.Tendo em conta esse objetivo, foquei os meus esforços em duas linhas principais de pesquisa, baseadas em métodos fotométricos e métodos espectroscópicos. O meu trabalho inicial tinha como objetivo o estabelecimento de uma calibração fotométrica para a metalicidade, mas não me foi possível atingir esse objetivo, pois não tinha sistemas binários FGK+M suficientes com bons dados fotométricos. No entanto, foi possível, com os dados disponíveis, comparar as calibrações fotométricas existentes e refinar ligeiramente a melhor delas, como descrito no Capítulo 3.Após este trabalho passei a concentrar-me em técnicas espectroscópicas de obtenção de parâmetros estelares em estrelas M. Tendo em mente esse objetivo, usei espectros HARPS de alta resolução para desenvolver um novo método de medição de linhas espectrais independente do contínuo espectral. Seguidamente, usei este método no desenvolvimento de uma nova calibração de metalicidade e temperatura efectiva em estrelas M na região do visível, através da qual consegui atingir uma precisão de 0.08 dex para a [Fe/H] e de 80 K para a temperatura. Este trabalho está descrito no Capítulo 4.Ao mesmo tempo colaborei na determinação com precisão dos parâmetros da estrela GJ3470 e do seu planeta, onde a minha proficiência na determinação de parâmetros estelares em anãs M teve um papel importante. Os detalhes relacionados com este trabalho de investigação estão descritos no Capítulo 5.

O trabalho versa sobre a clareza das finalidades e dos papéis dos instrumentos de análise de impacto, a fim de ampliar e consolidar a implementação do Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança - EIV, como um componente importante na aplicação de políticas urbanas. Práticas profissionais mais consolidadas na administração pública, no caso em análise vinculadas à política ambiental, como a aplicação dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental - EIA, afetam, direta ou indiretamente, a delimitação de campos de aplicação atribuíveis a esses dois tipos de estudo de impacto. A pesquisa começa com a identificação da gênese do EIV e do EIA e procura, através de uma visão histórica, o reconhecimento dos principais conceitos e das definições legais de âmbito federal, utilizando referências nacionais com algumas citações de experiências internacionais. A seguir, é realizada uma análise de cunho conceitual, tendo como método a interpretação da formação de conceitos e das definições operacionais e diretivas de aplicação do EIA e do EIV, reportando-os a uma tipologia das principais vertentes do planejamento urbano. O estudo de caso é realizado pela análise das legislações municipais das cidades de São Paulo e de Porto Alegre, a fim de identificar a implementação dos dois instrumentos de impacto. / The work aims at the clarification of impact assessment tools intents and roles in order to extend and consolidate the Neighbourhood Impact Assessment (NIA) implementation as a meaningful resource in public policies administration. Better consolidated professional practices used in public administration and in our case related to environmental policies such as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) affect directly or indirectly the definition of usage fields for both types of impact assessments. Our research starts by identifying the origins of NIA and EIA and through a historical point of view tries to establish the main concepts and legal definitions in the federal realm using national references and also some international sources. Next a concept based analysis on the interpretation of concepts formation and operational and directive definitions of NIA and EIA is carried out based on the typology of the main strands of urban planning. The case study to identify the practice of both assessment tools is conducted analyzing local government laws from the cities of Porto Alegre and São Paulo.

Quand nous nous penchons sur la ville en tant que lieu d'expérimentations, il faut saisir son évolution tout au long des années, l'histoire de ses quartiers en tenant compte les caractéristiques de l'espace urbain ainsi que les conditions sociales et culturelles de ses habitants. Il est possible d’étudier la ville dans la diversité de ses emplois et de ses utilisateurs, bien comme étudier les conflits et négociations qui sont à l'origine de cette pluralité. Le noyau de notre recherche a été le conflit entre deux groupes d'utilisateurs, des habitants et des commerçants, du quartier Cidade Baixa à Porto Alegre – RS. Telle situation a déployé des efforts de la municipalité pour améliorer la convivialité entre eux, car mettre en accord leurs intérêts, tout à fait différents, posait des problèmes. Notre idée a été d'identifier et de comprendre les caractéristiques de ces deux groupes en ce qui concernait la valeur et le signifié donnés au quartier. À partir de ces observations, nous avons discuté la valeur perçue par les deux groupes en tant que habitants du quartier Cidade Baixa. Dans cette étape, notre but était d'identifier et de comprendre les rapports entre l'ensemble de valeurs personnelles et les valeurs perçues par l'un et l'autre par rapport aux caractéristiques du quartier. Les concepts issus du markéting et de la psychologie environnementale ont été utilisés dans cette recherche, ainsi que celui du territoire et ses dérivations. La premier étape de l'étude a permis de comprendre le contexte du quartier Cidade Baixa, ses utilisateurs et de sélectionner les groupes d'utilisateurs pour l'analyse. Dans la seconde, nous avons réuni et nous avons analysé des données sur la perçue du quartier et sur des valeurs personnelles des deux groupes. En fin de compte, la dernière étape a réuni des données sur la valeur perçue par les groupes d'utilisateurs. Elle s'est penchée aussi sur l'analyse et la discussion des données des étapes antérieures. Nous croyons avoir contribué à la compréhension et à la comparaison des valeurs perçues par des groupes d'utilisateurs du quartier Cidade Baixa, aux différentes façons d'analyser et réunir des données et au concept de valeur perçue dans le cadre du territoire “quartier”. / This research aim was to contribute to the knowledge about the perception of value on the territory in the neighborhood level. When investigating the city as a place of experiences, it is required an appreciation of its evolution over time and stories of its neighborhoods’ both from the urban environment point of view as in the social and cultural conditions of the population who lives on it. The city can be studied in its diversity of usages and users, as well as in the conflict and negotiations’ coexistence resulting from this plurality. The research focuses was the conflict between two groups of users, residents and traders from the Cidade Baixa neighborhood in Porto Alegre – RS, which resulted in efforts from the municipal public power to improve the conviviality between them, due the difficulty of reconcile the distinct interests which overlap. The purpose was to indentify and comprehend the characteristics from the two users groups in the way which they assign value and meaning to neighborhood they make use from. Based on that, I discuss the perception of value from both groups when committed in the neighborhood Cidade Baixa. The goal was to identify and understand the relation between the composition of personal values and values from both groups of users in relation to the neighborhood’s characteristics. The concept used originates especially from areas of environment – behavior and marketing. The research made use of the concept of territory and its derivations. The investigation was divided in three big stages, the first one had the purpose of understand the Cidade Baixa neighborhood’s and users context, as well as perform the selection of the users groups to be analyzed; in the second stage, data about perception of neighborhood and individual values from both studied groups were collected and analyzed; in the last stage, data about value perception from the groups of users were collected and analyzed, applying the data from the previous stages in the discussion and analysis. The main research’s contributions are related to the understanding and comparison of perception of value from the users groups in the neighborhood’s scope, the comparison from different analysis techniques and collected data, as well as the conceptual contributions about the concept of perceived values in the territory context: the neighborhood.