Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att granska påståenden om djurs rättigheter och tolkningen av rättvisa för ickemänskliga djur utifrån Martha C. Nussbaums förmågemodell, och undersöka om den är förenlig med en fortsatt djurhållning. För att besvara min frågeställning har jag studerat Nussbaums förslag om hur människan kan och bör främja förmågor när det kommer till andra arter, samt direkta liksom indirekta kommentarer inom ämnet från utilitaristen Peter Singer och abolitionisten Gary L. Francione. Nussbaum är trevande i sitt försvar av rättigheter för ickemänskliga djur och motsätter sig inte dödandet av dem – även om detta konstateras som en form av skada, görs viss skillnad mellan olika arter och dödandet av dem värderas olika både utifrån art och syfte. Denna tanke återfinns inom utilitarismen, där det främsta målet är att minska lidande men dödandet av andra arter kan rättfärdigas av ändamål såsom kulinarisk njutning och ekonomisk vinning. Inom det abolitionistiska synsättet krävs nolltolerans när det gäller nyttjandet och dödandet av ickemänskliga djur, grundat i att det saknas en moralisk grund för människan att döda kännande varelser när andra valmöjligheter finns. Min slutsats blev att oavsett vilken teori vi ansluter oss till har vi i egenskap av människor en maktposition i relationen till ickemänskliga djur, vilket medför en skyldighet att inte utsätta andra arter för lidande eller ta deras liv ifrån dem då det inte är en fråga om en absolut nödvändighet.

The purpose of this essay is to critically examine the current legal status of animals in the United States and offer possible alternatives to the current legal rights for animals. This essay examines the failures of the legal system in protecting animals that have abilities very similar to our own. With an examination of these types of animals, this essay will explain why some animals merit the status of legal personhood to protect them from being carelessly used by others. Ultimately, this essay is an attempt to open the field of legal protection for many animals starting with a few through legal personhood.

Orientador: Dalva Maria Bianchini Bonotto / Banca: Rosa Maria Feiteiro Cavalari / Banca: Leandro Belinaso Guimarães / Resumo: Consideramos imprescindível questionar os atuais valores atribuídos aos animais não humanos por nossa sociedade, resultado de uma perspectiva utilitarista pela qual são valorizados predominantemente como recursos, sem reconhecimento e respeito pela "outridade" desses seres. Voltando-nos para o período histórico denominado Renascimento, refletimos sobre o momento em que o Humanismo ganhou força e influenciou de forma efetiva o modo como os seres humanos passariam a se relacionar com o meio ambiente e, consequentemente, com os animais não humanos. A partir dessa reflexão partimos em busca do tratamento dado ao tema dos animais não humanos nas escolas, buscando verificar as possibilidades, nesses espaços, de revisão desses valores, que possibilitem a construção de outras formas de relação entre humanos e não humanos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as valorações atribuídas aos animais não humanos por professores das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental ao trabalharem com a temática ambiental em que os mesmos são abordados, caracterizando as formas como essa valoração é materializada em suas práticas. Realizamos uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, investigando professoras envolvidas em um projeto extracurricular relativo ao tema Fauna, desenvolvido em uma escola de uma cidade do interior paulista no ano 2007. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários, entrevistas e documentos. A análise dos dados revelou a existência de duas grandes tendências: o antropocentrismo e o antropomorfismo. Dentre as professoras que apresentaram a tendência antropocêntrica, um grupo demonstrou uma perspectiva mais antropocêntrica, em que os seres humanos eram considerados superiores aos seres não humanos, e outro grupo apresentou uma perspectiva menos antropocêntrica, em que a interdependência entre os seres foi enfatizada. A tendência antropomórfica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: We consider it essential to question the current values assigned to non-human animals in our society, resulting from a utilitarian perspective in which they are valued primarily as resources, having no recognition and respect for the "otherness" of these beings. Turning to the historical period called the Renaissance, we reflect on the humanism that has gained strength and has influenced effectively the way humans would relate to the environment and, therefore, to the non-human animals. From this discussion, we started out in search of the treatment of the subject about non-human animals in schools, trying to verify the possibilities of reviewing these values in these areas, which allow the construction of new forms of relationship between human and non-human. This study aims to investigate the valuations assigned to non-human animals by teachers in the early grades of primary education by working with the environment into which they are addressed, characterizing the ways in which this valuation is embodied in their practices. We conducted a qualitative study investigating teachers involved in an extracurricular project on the theme Fauna, developed in a school in the countryside of São Paulo state in 2007. Data were collected from questionnaires, interviews and documents. The data analysis revealed two major trends: anthropocentrism and anthropomorphism. Among the teachers who presented the anthropocentric tendency, one group demonstrated being more anthropocentric in that humans were considered superior to non-human beings, and another group showed a less anthropocentric tendency, in which the interdependence between these beings was emphasized. The anthropomorphic tendency, which conceives and values non-human animals from human characteristics given to them, was observed in both teachers who have submitted a more detailed argument on the subject and the anthropomorphism was not very... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The paper puts forward the thesis that non-human animals are able to operate withreasons. It argues that the flexible individual conduct is evidence of instrumentalrationality and that the context of a practical problem –like tool use by chimpanzees–points toward the existence of deliberative thought. Reasons can be seen as mental representations and deliberation as a way to operate with series ofrepresentations. Finally, it is suggested that a communicative infrastructure –suchas the one elucidated by Tomasello– makes it possible to communicate reasonswithout language. / La tesis general del trabajo es que los animales no lingüísticos pueden operar en base a razones. Se sostiene ante todo que la conducta individual flexible de algunos animales ofrece evidencia de racionalidad instrumental. Se argumenta luego que en el marco de los problemas prácticos –como el de la fabricación y uso de herramientas por parte de algunos primates– pueden advertirse procesos de deliberación sin lenguaje. Las razones se interpretan como representacionesmentales y la deliberación como un modo de operar sobre series de representaciones asociadas. Se sostiene, finalmente, que la existencia de una infraestructura comunicativa no lingüística –como la que propone Tomasello– permite ya comunicar razones.

Est-ce que les animaux ont des émotions? Cette question constitue un défi de taille pour les théories philosophiques des émotions qui peinent déjà à trouver consensus dans une définition des émotions humaines. Or, les évidences de l'existence d'une vie émotionnelle animale sont indéniables. Nous croyons que toute théorie des émotions réussie doit être en mesure de rendre compte de l'existence d'émotions animales tout en respectant le critère de l'intentionnalité des émotions. Dans ce mémoire, nous offrons un bref panorama de trois approches de la théorie des émotions qui soutiennent que les animaux sont capables d'expériences émotionnelles. D'abord, nous abordons l'approche évolutive (Darwin, Ekman et Plutchik) qui centre sa définition de l'émotion autour de son utilité pour la survie de l'organisme et qui défend l'universalisme des émotions basiques. Ensuite, nous traitons de l'approche somatique des émotions (James, Damasio et Prinz) qui soutient que les émotions sont des sensations et des changements corporels. Enfin, nous abordons l'approche cognitiviste jugementale (Solomon, Nussbaum) qui considère que les émotions sont fondamentalement des jugements évaluatifs. Au fur et à mesure de notre enquête, nous appliquons les critères constitutifs des différentes théories des émotions aux animaux non humains de manière à mettre en lumière les éléments potentiellement problématiques de chacune. Nous concluons en présentant les implications des présupposés philosophiques des émotions animales dans une visée pratique en éthique animale. / Do animals have emotions? This question constitutes a sizable challenge for the philosophical theories of emotions, which already struggle to find consensus in a definition of human emotions. However, the evidence of emotional life in animals is undeniable. We believe that any successful theory of emotions must be able to account for the existence of animal emotions while respecting the criterion of intentionality of emotions. In this dissertation, we provide a brief overview of three approaches to the theory of emotions that hold that animals are capable of emotional experiences. First, we discuss the evolutionary approach (Darwin, Ekman and Plutchik) which centers its definition of emotion around its usefulness for the survival of the organism and defends the universalism of basic emotions. Next, we examine the somatic approach to emotions (James, Damasio and Prinz) which maintains that emotions are sensations and bodily changes. Finally, we observe the judgmental cognitivist theory (Solomon, Nussbaum) which considers that emotions are fundamentally evaluative judgments. As our investigation progresses, we apply the criteria of the various theories of emotions to non-human animals in order to highlight their potentially problematic elements. Finally, we evaluate the implications of the philosophical presuppositions of animal emotions in a practical aim in animal ethics.

Through non-human animals, humans have come to understand ways of living in this world and simultaneously animals have provided the resources for humans to claim this living. But through this progression and time humans have become detached from the origin of the resources. By this separation it becomes possible for humans to turn a blind eye to cruelty and the environmental impact that the claim to non-human animals convey. With the aim is to evoke reflection on the human ruling of the non-human animals, this project aims to design objects and furniture that are uncanny, familiar and ordinary but at the same time off-putting and maybe strange. By examining phycology and consumer culture theory, seek to find habits in the Swedish everyday life which are intimate and recognizable such as fredagsmys, a placeholder for consumption and hierarchies. Then through the analyse of critical animal studies, design objects and furniture that challenge these habits and positions of consumption and hierarchy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HENRIQUE PANDIM BARBOSA MACHADO.pdf: 1671621 bytes, checksum: 6ea79b708ec97fb95a1afbdbc3776e6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-01 / This paper analyzes how nature and other living beings are treated in the 1988 Federal Constitution, if objects or subjects of rights. The work is developed from a threefold approach to the subject: philosophical; legal and historical. In the field of philosophy, draws up, in the first chapter, an overview of the relationship between man and nature with a focus on mythology, religion and philosophy itself, with the development of different worldviews prevailing along the human history. The legal harvest, treated in the second chapter, takes care of how the law, focusing on the constitutionalist movement, comes to environmental issues, in particular under the so-called new Latin American constitutionalism. And in the final, it is shown how the Brazilian legal system protects the environmental issue, focusing on the Federal Constitution of 1988, when revolutionary in its issue today is short of its neighbors when it comes to environmental protection. the treatment of environmental issues in the 1988 Federal Constitution, for, in the end, to propose the adoption, in Brazilian territory, a Charter able to overcome the anthropocentric paradigm from the recognition of nature and other living beings - not human animals - as subjects of rights. / Este trabalho analisa como a natureza e os demais seres vivos são tratados juridicamente à luz da Constituição Federal de 1988, se objetos ou sujeitos de direitos. O trabalho é desenvolvido a partir de uma tríplice abordagem do tema: filosófica; jurídica e histórica. No campo da filosofia, traça-se, ainda no primeiro capítulo, um panorama da relação entre o homem e a natureza sob o enfoque da mitologia, da religião e da filosofia propriamente dita, com o desenvolvimento das diferentes visões de mundo prevalecentes ao longo da história humana. Na seara jurídica, tratada no segundo capítulo, cuida-se de como o Direito, com enfoque no movimento constitucionalista, trata da questão ambiental, em especial no âmbito do denominado novo constitucionalismo latino-americano. E, na derradeira parte, demonstra-se como o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro tutela a questão ambiental, com enfoque na Constituição Federal de 1988 que, revolucionária quando de sua edição, hoje se encontra aquém de suas vizinhas no que tange à proteção ambiental. o tratamento da questão ambiental na Constituição Federal de 1988, para, ao final, propor a adoção, em terras brasileiras, de uma Carta capaz de superar o paradigma antropocêntrico a partir do reconhecimento da natureza e dos demais seres vivos animais não humanos - como sujeitos de direitos.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-08-25T19:46:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) gustavo_leandro_nassar_gouvea_lopes.pdf: 997348 bytes, checksum: 67d4a4336c87d7bed89df2c0020865d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-08-26T11:16:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) gustavo_leandro_nassar_gouvea_lopes.pdf: 997348 bytes, checksum: 67d4a4336c87d7bed89df2c0020865d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T11:16:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) gustavo_leandro_nassar_gouvea_lopes.pdf: 997348 bytes, checksum: 67d4a4336c87d7bed89df2c0020865d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O presente trabalho investiga a participa??o da imprensa diamantinense no processo de recha?amento dos animais n?o-humanos da urbe, durante a din?mica de moderniza??o deflagrada na virada do s?culo XIX para o XX. Tal pesquisa analisa as interven??es de agentes modernizadores de Diamantina sobre animais n?o-humanos, faceta analisada apenas tangencialmente por dois autores precedentes: James William Goodwin J?nior e Marcos Lobato Martins. Essa leitura, que se enreda na compreens?o das maneiras como agentes modernizadores se posicionavam em rela??o ? presen?a animal na cidade, lan?a novas luzes e novas quest?es ?s outras facetas da moderniza??o diamantinense, j? bem estudadas. Al?m desse alcance mais estrito, o estudo pormenorizado desse processo de proscri??o, por meio da an?lise dos textos publicados nos jornais diamantinenses (O Munic?pio, O Jequitinhonha, A Id?a Nova), entre 1894 e 1912, nos revela invers?es, tens?es e ambiguidades. Acredita-se que essa a??o, para al?m de refletir muito localizadamente uma utopia modernizadora em conflito com a depend?ncia da sociedade diamantinense em rela??o ao trabalho escravo dos animais ?de tropa?, diz respeito a embates calcados numa longu?ssima dura??o do (anti)relacionamento humananimal. Nesse sentido, tais embates informam e elucidam quest?es pertinentes aos dilemas humananimais da atualidade, marcadas pela emerg?ncia de um movimento vegano-abolicionista de alcance global. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The present work investigates the participation of media in the process of repulse of the panoramic view wing non-human animals of the metropolis during the dynamics of modernization that began at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th. Such research analyzes the modernizers agents speeches of Diamantina about non-human animals, examined only tangentially facet for two previous authors: James William Goodwin J?nior e Marcos Lobato Martins. This reading, which draws on the understanding of the ways modernizers agents view in relation to the presence of animals in the city, generates new insights and new issues to other facets of the panoramic view wing diamantinense?s modernisation, already well studied. Beyond this range, the more strict detailed study of this process of proscription, through the analysis of the texts published in the newspaper diamantinenses (O Munic?pio, O Jequitinhonha, A Id?a Nova), between 1894 and 1912, reveals inversions, tensions and ambiguities. It is believed that this action, in addition to reflect very precisely the modern utopia in conflict with panoramic view wing society's dependence in relation to the slave labour of "troop" animals, concerns based on a long-standing ties duration of (anti) humananimal relationship. Accordingly, such ties shall inform and clarify issues relevant to today's humananimals difficulties, marked by the emergence of a movement-global abolitionist vegan.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_jrs_me_rcla.pdf: 1000427 bytes, checksum: 1d91b4b9c3b4c49dfc8888477aa2d5d3 (MD5) / Consideramos imprescindível questionar os atuais valores atribuídos aos animais não humanos por nossa sociedade, resultado de uma perspectiva utilitarista pela qual são valorizados predominantemente como recursos, sem reconhecimento e respeito pela “outridade” desses seres. Voltando-nos para o período histórico denominado Renascimento, refletimos sobre o momento em que o Humanismo ganhou força e influenciou de forma efetiva o modo como os seres humanos passariam a se relacionar com o meio ambiente e, consequentemente, com os animais não humanos. A partir dessa reflexão partimos em busca do tratamento dado ao tema dos animais não humanos nas escolas, buscando verificar as possibilidades, nesses espaços, de revisão desses valores, que possibilitem a construção de outras formas de relação entre humanos e não humanos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as valorações atribuídas aos animais não humanos por professores das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental ao trabalharem com a temática ambiental em que os mesmos são abordados, caracterizando as formas como essa valoração é materializada em suas práticas. Realizamos uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, investigando professoras envolvidas em um projeto extracurricular relativo ao tema Fauna, desenvolvido em uma escola de uma cidade do interior paulista no ano 2007. Os dados foram coletados a partir de questionários, entrevistas e documentos. A análise dos dados revelou a existência de duas grandes tendências: o antropocentrismo e o antropomorfismo. Dentre as professoras que apresentaram a tendência antropocêntrica, um grupo demonstrou uma perspectiva mais antropocêntrica, em que os seres humanos eram considerados superiores aos seres não humanos, e outro grupo apresentou uma perspectiva menos antropocêntrica, em que a interdependência entre os seres foi enfatizada. A tendência antropomórfica... / We consider it essential to question the current values assigned to non-human animals in our society, resulting from a utilitarian perspective in which they are valued primarily as resources, having no recognition and respect for the otherness of these beings. Turning to the historical period called the Renaissance, we reflect on the humanism that has gained strength and has influenced effectively the way humans would relate to the environment and, therefore, to the non-human animals. From this discussion, we started out in search of the treatment of the subject about non-human animals in schools, trying to verify the possibilities of reviewing these values in these areas, which allow the construction of new forms of relationship between human and non-human. This study aims to investigate the valuations assigned to non-human animals by teachers in the early grades of primary education by working with the environment into which they are addressed, characterizing the ways in which this valuation is embodied in their practices. We conducted a qualitative study investigating teachers involved in an extracurricular project on the theme Fauna, developed in a school in the countryside of São Paulo state in 2007. Data were collected from questionnaires, interviews and documents. The data analysis revealed two major trends: anthropocentrism and anthropomorphism. Among the teachers who presented the anthropocentric tendency, one group demonstrated being more anthropocentric in that humans were considered superior to non-human beings, and another group showed a less anthropocentric tendency, in which the interdependence between these beings was emphasized. The anthropomorphic tendency, which conceives and values non-human animals from human characteristics given to them, was observed in both teachers who have submitted a more detailed argument on the subject and the anthropomorphism was not very... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Central to animal studies is the question of words and how they are used in relation to wordless beings such as non-human animals. This issue is addressed by the writer D.H. Lawrence, and the focus of this thesis is the linguistic vulnerability of humans and non-humans in his novel Women in Love, a subject that will be explored with the help of the philosopher Jacques Derrida’s text The Animal That Therefore I Am. The argument is that Women in Love illustrates the human subjection to and constitution in language, which both enables human thinking and restricts the human ability to think without words. This linguistic vulnerability causes a similar vulnerability in non-human animals in two ways. First, humans tend to imagine others, including non-verbal animals, through words, a medium they exist outside of and therefore cannot be defined through. Second, humans are often unperceptive of non-linguistic means of expression and they therefore do not discern what non-human animals may be trying to communicate to them, which often enables humans to justify abuse against non-humans. In addition, the novel shows how this shared but unequal vulnerability can sometimes be dissolved through the likewise shared but equal physical vulnerability of all animals if a human is able to imagine the experiences of a non-human animal through their shared embodiment rather than through human language. Hence the essay shows the importance of recognizing the limitations of language and of being aware of how the symbolizing effect of words influences the human treatment of its others.