Ein großes Hindernis für die Anwendbarkeit von oxidischen Perowskiten in elektrotechnischen oder spintronischen Applikationen, ist die Größe der spezifischen Temperaturen, bei der die physikalischen Phänomene, wie Ferromagnetismus oder Hochtemperatur-Supraleitung, beobachtet werden können. Die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Perowskite zeigen eine Abhängigkeit von der Ordnung der verschiedenartigen Metallionen in mehrkomponentigen Systemen. Die Abhängigkeit ergibt sich durch den Einfluss der Metallionen auf die Elektronenkonfiguration und elastischen Verspannung innerhalb des Materials. Man spricht in diesem Zusammenhang auch von der Kontrolle der Füllung und der Bandbreite der elektronischen Bänder im Material durch die Wahl der Metallionen. Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist die Präparation und Charakterisierung von künstlich A-Platz geordneten schmal- und breitbandigen Manganat Dünnfilmen als auch von natürlich B-Platz geordneten ferro-/ferrimagnetischen doppelperowskitischen Dünnfilmen. Für die Präparation der dünnen Schichten wurde die unkonventionelle Metallorganischen Aerosol Deposition (MAD) verwendet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass diverse künstlich oder natürlich Kationengeordnete Perowskite mit der MAD Technologie präpariert werden können. Die lagenweise A-Platz Ordnung in Manganaten führt, über die Modulation der Gitterverspannung und der Elektronenbesetzung im eg-Band der Manganionen, zu modifizierten elektronischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften. In schmalbandigen CMR Manganaten wurde die PS und somit der CMR über die Ordnung beeinflusst, während in breitbandigen CMR Manganaten ein Weg aufgezeigt werden konnte, der zu Übergangstemperaturen TC > 370K führen kann. In geordneten, ferromagnetischen Doppelperowskiten wurde der Einfluss und die Anwesenheit von Antiphasen-Grenzen dargelegt. Über die Einführung einer aktiven Valenz-Kontrolle, konnte die Präparation von halbmetallischen, ferrimagnetischen Doppelperowskiten mit der MAD Technologie ermöglicht werden.

Στην παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία, θα μελετηθεί η επίδραση διαφόρων παραγόντων, όπως η ικανότητα στην αποκωδικοποίηση, η εργαζόμενη μνήμη, η προσωδιακή ευαισθησία και η συντακτική επίγνωση, στη συντακτική επεξεργασία προτάσεων από παιδιά και ενήλικες, που έχουν ως μητρική γλώσσα την ελληνική. Σκοπό της έρευνας αποτελεί η διερεύνηση της φύσης της δυσκολίας που αντιμετωπίζουν οι φτωχοί αναγνώστες της Στ΄ Δημοτικού, οι οποίοι αποτελούν την πειραματική ομάδα, στη συντακτική επεξεργασία προτάσεων. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο ομάδες ελέγχου: μια εξισωμένη ηλικιακά με την πειραματική ομάδα (Στ΄ Δημοτικού) και μια εξισωμένη αναγνωστικά (Δ΄ Δημοτικού). Στα έργα που χορηγήθηκαν για την αξιολόγηση της συντακτικής επίγνωσης (έργο αξιολόγησης συντακτικής επίγνωσης, έργο αποκατάστασης αποδομημένων προτάσεων, έργο επισύναψης κατηγορούμενου σε υποκείμενο με ανάγνωση), οι μαθητές με δυσκολία στην ανάγνωση σημείωσαν χαμηλότερη επίδοση από την ηλικιακά εξισωμένη ομάδα ελέγχου. Με συγκρίσεις των επιδόσεων της πειραματικής ομάδας και της αναγνωστικά εξισωμένης ομάδα ελέγχου, δε βρέθηκε διαφορά στη συντακτική επεξεργασία ανάμεσα στις δύο αυτές ομάδες. Η επίδραση των διαφόρων παραγόντων βρέθηκε ότι ήταν διαφορετική ανάλογα με τη φύση του έργου. Τέλος, βρέθηκε ότι οι φτωχοί αναγνώστες δεν παρουσιάζουν κάποια διαφορά, σε σύγκριση με την ηλικιακά εξισωμένη ομάδα ελέγχου, όσον αφορά στον τρόπο με τον οποίο χειρίζονται τους προσωδιακούς δείκτες, κατά τη επεξεργασία συντακτικά αμφίσημων εκφωνημάτων. / In the current study, the effect of various factors, such as decoding, working memory, prosodic sensitivity and syntactic awareness, on the syntactic processing of sentences will be investigated on children and adults, whose native language is Greek. The purpose of this research is to investigate the nature of the difficulty of sixth-grader poor readers, who constituted the experimental group, in syntactic processing. Two control groups were used, one age matched (sixth-graders) and one reading matched (fourth graders) with the experimental group. In the tasks used to evaluate syntactic processing (syntactic awareness task, word ordering task, attachment reading task), students with reading difficulty had lower performance than the age matched control group. Comparisons of the performance of the experimental group with the reading control group, showed that there is not significant difference in syntactic processing between these groups . Τhe influence of various factors on performance was found to be differentiated, according to the nature of each task. Finally, no difference concerning poor readers’ handling of prosodic information as compared to the age control group was found, during the processing of syntactically ambiguous utterances.

No description available.

This thesis investigated the use of carbon nanotubes as active components in solution processible organic semiconductor devices. We investigated the use of functionalized carbon nanotubes in carbon nanotubes network transistors (CNNFET) and in photoactive composites with conjugated polymers. For CNNFETs, the objective was to obtain detailed understanding of the dependence of transistor characteristics on nanotubes bundle sizes, device geometry and processing. Single walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized by grafting octadecylamine chains onto the tubes, which rendered them dispersible in organic solvents for solution processing. To investigate the dependence of electronic properties of carbon nanotubes networks on bundle size, we developed a centrifugal fractionation protocol that enabled us to obtain nanotube bundles of different diameters. The electronic properties of networks of nanotube bundles deposited from solution were investigated within a CNNFET device configuration. By comparing devices with different degree of bundling we elucidated the dependence of key device parameters (field effect mobility and on/off ratio) on bundle sizes. We further found that, in contrast to traditional inorganic transistors, the electronic properties of the CNNFETs were dominated by the channel rather than contact resistance. Specifically, the apparent mobility of our devices increased with decreasing channel length, suggesting that the charge transport properties of CNNFETs are bulk rather than contacts dominated. This meant that charge traps in the channel of the device had a significant effect on transport properties. We found that charge traps in the channel region introduced by adsorbed oxygen and silanol groups on the SiO2 surface were responsible for the dominant p-type conductance in as-fabricated devices. Based on this understanding, we demonstrated the p-type to n-type conversion of the transistor characteristics of CNNFETs by depositing nanotubes on electron-trapfree dielectric surfaces. Finally, by combining annealing and surface treatment, we fabricated CNNFETs with high n-type mobility of 6cm2/V.s. For polymer composites, the objective was to obtain detailed understanding of the interactions between carbon nanotubes and the conjugated polymer; a prerequisite for using these composites in organic electronic devices. We fabricated well dispersed nanotube/polymer composites by using functionalized carbon nanotubes and studied the effect of nanotubes addition on the photophysical properties of the technologically important conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Measurement of the photoluminescence efficiency of nanotubes/polymer composites showed that addition of 10wt% carbon nanotubes effectively quenched the polymer emission indicating close electronic interactions. This indicated that nanotubes/polymer composites have potential in organic photovoltaic or light-sensing devices. Further analysis of the steady-state photoluminescence spectra revealed that nanotube addition resulted in increased structural disorder in the polymer. The incorporation of structural disorder into the polymer with the addition of even a small amount of carbon nanotubes may be detrimental to charge transport. UV-vis adsorption studies revealed that one-dimensional templating of P3HT chains by nanotubes resulted in a red-shifted feature in the solutionstate optical adsorption spectra of P3HT. This suggested that presence of nanotube surface templates the polymer self-organisation to produce highly ordered coating of P3HT chains around the nanotube. In order to elucidate the nanoscale origin of this phenomenon, we performed detailed STM studies on individual nanotubes adsorbed with P3HT chains. Since carbon nanotubes can be considered as rolled up sheets of graphite, we also performed STM on P3HT chains assembly on graphite for comparison. For P3HT assembly on HOPG, we found that while 2D crystals were observed when P3HT was cast onto HOPG from dilute solution, a thicker and more disordered film resulted when cast from concentrated solutions and subsequent layers were more likely to align normal to an underlying monolayer of P3HT on the HOPG surface. STM studies of nanotube/polymer mixtures revealed that the P3HT chains are adsorbed on nanotubes surface in such a way that the thiophene and hexyl moieties of the polymer associated with the nanotube surface in identical manner to P3HT monolayer depositions on graphite. This resulted in the increased order as inferred from adsorption UV-Vis spectroscopy, where the polymer chains, which are otherwise prone to chain kinks and twists in solution, adopt a planar configuration when adsorbed onto the nanotube surface.

The presence of the ordered $\gamma^{\prime}$ phase ($\text{Ni}_{3}\text{Al}$) in Ni-base superalloys is fundamental to the performance of engineering components such as turbine disks and blades which operate at high temperatures and loads. Hence for these alloys it is important to optimize their microstructure and phase composition. This is typically done by varying their chemistry and heat treatment to achieve an appropriate balance between $\gamma^{\prime}$ content and other constituents such as carbides, borides, oxides and topologically close packed phases. In this work we have set out to investigate the onset of $\gamma^{\prime}$ ordering in Ni-Al single crystals and in Ni-Al bicrystals containing coincidence site lattice grain boundaries (GBs) and we do this at high temperatures, which are representative of typical heat treatment schedules including quenching and annealing. For this we use the atomistic simulation methods of molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT). In the first part of this work we develop robust Bayesian classifiers to identify the $\gamma^{\prime}$ phase in large scale simulation boxes at high temperatures around 1500 K. We observe significant \gamma^{\prime} ordering in the simulations in the form of clusters of $\gamma^{\prime}$-like ordered atoms embedded in a $\gamma$ host solid solution and this happens within 100 ns. Single crystals are found to exhibit the expected homogeneous ordering with slight indications of chemical composition change and a positive correlation between the Al concentration and the concentration of $\gamma^{\prime}$ phase. In general, the ordering is found to take place faster in systems with GBs and preferentially adjacent to the GBs. The sole exception to this is the $\Sigma3 \left(111\right)$ tilt GB, which is a coherent twin. An analysis of the ensemble and time lag average displacements of the GBs reveals mostly `anomalous diffusion' behaviour. Increasing the Al content from pure Ni to Ni 20 at.% Al was found to either consistently increase or decrease the mobility of the GB as seen from the changing slope of the time lag displacement average. The movement of the GB can then be characterized as either `super' or `sub-diffusive' and is interpreted in terms of diffusion induced grain boundary migration, which is posited as a possible precursor to the appearance of serrated edge grain boundaries. In the second part of this work we develop a method for the training of empirical interatomic potentials to capture more elements in the alloy system. We focus on the embedded atom method (EAM) and use the Ni-Al system as a test case. Recently, empirical potentials have been developed based on results from DFT which utilize energies and forces, but neglect the electron densities, which are also available. Noting the importance of electron densities, we propose a route to include them into the training of EAM-type potentials via Bayesian linear regression. Electron density models obtained for structures with a range of bonding types are shown to accurately reproduce the electron densities from DFT. Also, the resulting empirical potentials accurately reproduce DFT energies and forces of all the phases considered within the Ni-Al system. Properties not included in the training process, such as stacking fault energies, are sometimes not reproduced with the desired accuracy and the reasons for this are discussed. General regression issues, known to the machine learning community, are identified as the main difficulty facing further development of empirical potentials using this approach.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à différents opérateurs d'inf-convolutions et à leurs applications à une classe d'inégalités de transport générales, plus spécifiquement sur les graphes. Notre objet de recherche s'inscrit donc dans les théories du transport de mesure et de l'analyse fonctionnelle. En introduisant une notion de gradient adapté au cadre discret (et plus généralement à tout espace métrique dont les boules sont compactes), nous prouvons que certains opérateurs d'inf-convolution sont solutions d'une inéquation d'Hamilton Jacobi sur les graphes. Ce résultat nous permet d'étendre au cadre discret un théorème classique de Bobkov, Gentil et Ledoux. Plus précisément nous montrons que des inégalités de transport faible (adaptées au cadre discret) sont équivalentes, sur un graphe, à l'hypercontractivité des opérateurs d'inf-convolutions. On en déduit plusieurs résultats concernant différentes inégalités fonctionnelles, dont celle de Sobolev logarithmique et de transport faible. Nous étudions par ailleurs les propriétés générales de différents opérateurs d'inf-convolutions, incluant le précédent, mais aussi un opérateur relié à un modèle issu de la physique (et au phénomène de grande déviation), toujours sur les graphes (dérivabilités, convexité, points extremum etc.). Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéressons aux liens entre différentes notions de courbure de Ricci sur les graphes -- proposées récemment par plusieurs auteurs -- et les inégalités fonctionnelles de type transport-entropie, ou transport-information associées à une chaîne de Markov. Nous obtenons également une borne supérieure sur le diamètre d'un graphe dont la courbure, en un certain sens, est minorée, un résultat à la Bonnet-Myers. Enfin, en nous restreignant au cas de la dimension 1, sur la droite réelle, nous obtenons une caractérisation d'une inégalité de transport faible et de l'inégalité de Sobolev logarithmique restreinte aux fonctions convexes. Ces résultats utilisent des propriétés géométriques liés à l'ordre convexe. / In this thesis, we interest in different inf-convolution operators and their applications to a class of general transportation inequalities, more specifically in the graphs. Therefore, our research topic fits in the theories of transportation and functional analysis. By introducing a gradient notion adapting to a discrete space (more generally to all space in which all closed balls are compact), we prove that some inf-convolution operators are solutions of a Hamilton-Jacobi's inequation. This result allows us to extend a classical theorem from Bobkov, Gentil and Ledoux. More precisely, we prove that, in a graph, some weak transport inequalities are equivalent to the hypercontractivity of inf-convolution operators. Thanks to this result, we deduce some properties concerning different functional inequalities, including Log-Sobolev inequalities and weak-transport inequalities. Besides, we study some general properties (differentiability, convexity, extreme points etc.) of different inf-convolution operators, including the one before, but also an operator related to a physical model (and to a large deviation phenomenon). We stay always in a graph. Secondly, we interest in connections between different notions of discrete Ricci curvature on the graphs which are proposed by several authors in the recent years, and functional inequalities of type transport-entropy, or transport-information related to a Markov chain. We also obtain an extension of Bonnet-Myers' result: an upper bound on the diameter of a graph of which the curvature is floored in some ways. Finally, restricting in the real line, we obtains a characterisation of a weak transport inequality and a log-Sobolev inequality restricted to convex functions. These results are from the geometrical properties related to the convex ordering.

In this study I try to explain the characteristics of the legal system, as it is understood in the framework of the Communicational Theory of Law (TCD). The legal system constitutes a textual totality that reflects another textual totality: the legal order. It is not a positivist reflex, by virtue of which the system would be a mere description of the order, but of a hermeneutic reflex, which supposes that the system constructs the order, and presents its better and more finished version, a more intelligent version. The relationship between order and system is not unidirectional, but between them there is a hermeneutic spiral relationship sustained over time, since they are textual totalities in perpetual change. The ordering / system duality represents the basic axis within a juridical realm, a reality that encompasses all the communicational processes and the texts produced by them: first, the communicational processes generated by the ordination and the ordinary texts; second, the communication processes of legal dogmatic, which generates the various proposals of the exhibition system; third, from the conjunction of dogmatic texts and from the jurisprudence of the courts arise the systemic texts or texts of the legal system; fourth, the communicational processes and the texts that are generated within the scope that, however, do not belong to the order or the system; and fifth, the acts (and omissions) whose legal meaning can only be understood from the frame of reference constituted by the hermeneutic axis of order / system. In all this analysis, it is necessary to differentiate - as has been pointed out - between the didactic-expository system and the legal system itself (or legal system in the strict sense). In order to carry out the proposed task, before entering into the distinction between legal order and legal system, it is convenient to deal with the differentiation between set and order. / En este estudio me propongo explicar los caracteres del sistema jurídico, tal como es entendido en el marco de la Teoría Comunicacional del Derecho (en adelante: TCD). El sistema jurídico constituye una totalidad textual que refleja otra totalidad textual: el ordenamiento jurídico. No se trata de un reflejo positivista, en virtud del cual el sistema sería una mera descripción del ordenamiento, sino de un reflejo hermenéutico, lo que supone que el sistema construye el ordenamiento, y presenta de él su versión mejor y más acabada, su versión más inteligente. La relación entre ordenamiento y sistema no es unidireccional, sino que entre ellos se produce una relación en espiral hermenéutica sostenida a lo largo del tiempo, ya que son totalidades textuales en perpetuo cambio. La dualidad ordenamiento/sistema representa el eje básico dentro de un ámbito jurídico, realidad ésta que engloba todos los procesos comunicacionales y los textos producidos por ellos: primero, los procesos comunicacionales que genera el ordenamiento y los textos ordinamentales; segundo, los procesos de comunicación de la dogmática jurídica, generadora de las diversas propuestas de sistema expositivo; tercero, de la conjunción de los textos dogmáticos y los de la jurisprudencia de los tribunales surgen los textos sistémicos o textos del sistema jurídico; cuarto, los procesos comunicacionales y los textos que se generan dentro del ámbito que, sin embargo, no pertenecen al ordenamiento ni al sistema; y quinto, los actos (y omisiones) cuyo significado jurídico sólo es comprensible desde el marco de referencia constituido por el eje hermenéutico ordenamiento / sistema. En todo este análisis, es preciso diferenciar -como ha quedado apuntado- entre el sistema didáctico-expositivo y el sistema jurídico propiamente dicho (o sistema jurídico en sentido estricto). Para llevar a cabo la tarea propuesta, antes de entrar en la distinción entre ordenamiento jurídico y sistema jurídico, es conveniente tratar de la diferenciación entre conjunto y orden.

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie navorsing is, om te bepaal of gesyferdheid by kleuters binne `n speelgroepsituasie ontwikkel kan word deur middel van `n program wat wiskundige konsepte aan kleuters oordra. Ten einde hierdie doel te bereik is `n wiskunde program waarin verskillende hulpmiddels gebruik word, vir die kleuters aangebied. Die wiskunde program wat gebruik is, is saamgestel aan die hand van Charner, Murphy en Clark (2007) se “The Giant Encyclopedia of Math Activities for Children 3 to 6”. Die aktiwiteite wat tydens die voortoets en natoets gebruik is, is uit verskillende bronne op die internet verkry. Die aktiwiteite is uit gemelde bronne geneem en aangepas om by kleuters se ontwikkelingsvermoë te pas. Aan die einde van die wiskunde program kon daar `n verbetering in al die leerders se wiskunde vaardighede waargeneem word. Die resultate van die studie dui dus daarop dat kleuters se begrip en vaardigheid met wiskundige konsepte op `n vroeë ouderdom in `n speelgroep ontwikkel kan word. / The aim of this study was to determine whether numeracy can be developed among preschoolers in `n playgroup situation by means of a numeracy programme which introduces them to mathematical concepts. To achieve this aim a numeracy programme was used to introduce the mathematical concepts. The numeracy programme that was used is a programme compiled from “The Giant Encyclopedia of Math Activities for Children 3 to 6” by Charner, Murphy and Clark (2007). The activities which were used during the pre-test and post-test were taken from different sources on the internet. The activities taken from these different sources were adapted to the appropriate developmental phase of the preschoolers. At the end of the programme the post-test indicated an improvement in the mathematical competence of all the learners. The results of the study prove that preschoolers in a playgroup can improve their numeracy skills in the early years. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Didaktiek)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4376.pdf: 6769424 bytes, checksum: 1a56efeff42abaf0147ef3ef112548e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / Over the years, the task of developing and managing production systems has become increasingly complex and, currently, to face the changing customer demands and global competition, managers have the difficult task of combining the efficiency of mass production with customization of pre-industrial craft production era. In this context, the Engineering to Order Capital Goods Industry, exposed to a very adverse market conditions such as high cyclical instability of demand for its products, which depends exclusively on the economy expansion moments, causing, therefore, longer cycles of fluctuation demand with long periods of stagnation followed by periods of high demand, have sought for modern production management strategies, already consolidated in more dynamic segments of the economy, such as lean production and the theory of constraints, to improve production flow and minimize the impact inherent in these production systems with high variety and low volume production, high levels of work-in-process, functional production layouts, high varied workloads, excess of materials handling, etc. This paper studies the Engineering to Order Capital Goods Industry, especially large capital goods, also known as Large Assemblies production systems, aiming to propose a method of joint implementation of lean principles and theory of constraints to simplify the material and information flow, propose the use of suitable SCO (ordering systems) and reduce production lead time in this environment. / Ao longo do tempo, a tarefa de desenvolver e gerir sistemas de produção tem se tornado progressivamente mais complexa e, atualmente, para enfrentar as mudanças de demandas dos clientes e a competição global, os gestores têm a difícil tarefa de combinar a eficiência da produção em massa com a customização da era produção artesanal pré-industrial. Neste contexto, a Indústria de Bens de Capital Sob Encomenda, expostas a condições de mercado muita adversas, como a alta instabilidade cíclica de demanda por seus produtos, que depende exclusivamente dos momentos de expansão da economia causando, portanto, ciclos mais longos de flutuação da demanda com longos períodos de estagnação seguidos por períodos de alta demanda, têm buscado estratégias modernas de gestão da produção, já consolidadas em segmentos mais dinâmicos da economia, como a produção enxuta e a teoria das restrições, para melhorar o fluxo de produção e minimizar o impacto inerente desses sistemas de produção com alta variedade e baixos volumes de produção, altos níveis de estoque em processo, produção em layouts funcionais, cargas de trabalho muito variadas, excesso de movimentação de materiais, etc O presente trabalho estuda o setor de bens de capital sob encomenda, em especial os bens de capital de grande porte, também conhecidas como sistemas de produção de grandes montagens, com objetivo de propor um método de implantação conjunta dos princípios da produção enxuta e da teoria das restrições para simplificar o fluxo de materiais e informações, propor a utilização dos Sistemas de Coordenação de Ordens adequados e reduzir o lead time de produção nesse ambiente.

Submitted by Rafael de Lacerda Moreira (rafaeldelacerdamoreira@gmail.com) on 2018-07-21T22:14:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final - Tese Rafael .pdf: 1250031 bytes, checksum: 3abf55725921846132052a1324efd6fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-07-26T16:40:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final - Tese Rafael .pdf: 1250031 bytes, checksum: 3abf55725921846132052a1324efd6fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T19:56:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final - Tese Rafael .pdf: 1250031 bytes, checksum: 3abf55725921846132052a1324efd6fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-30 / Purpose - This research analyzes how corporate narrative disclosure can be manipulated by preparers of accounting information to create a favorable impression of the company through an examination of two different impression-management (IM) strategies: (i) attribution, and (ii) ordering or physical location of information. Design/Methodology - We conducted a 4×2 mixed-design experiment to examine the impact of attribution and optimal direction of information order on earnings forecast and the impression created about the company. Findings - Results show that the favorable report read first, without attribution, positively affects the investor, and that the favorable information read first, with attribution, undermines the positive effect. Conversely, presenting unfavorable information, with attribution, first, minimizes the impact of this information. Our findings confirm self-promoter’s paradox idea. We also tested a sandwich and an interspersed ordering (control) group; these had the worst results. In a mediation analysis, we found that perceived impression about the company mediates the relationship between information and decision-making. In addition, our results show a significant difference in decision-making influenced by users’ characteristics. In a robustness test, we tested credibility of information as an alternative explanation, finding that credibility was not an alternative explanation for investors’ decision found in the experiment. We conclude by offering suggestions for further study of IM. Originality – To our knowledge, this is the first study that analyses the effects of both attribution and ordering strategies at the same time. Literature has addressed both strategies separately but has not discussed their interactive effect. This research addresses this gap.