O consumo e o mercado de cafés especiais, como orgânicos, gourmets e socialmente justos, cresce no mundo todo oferecendo preços atraentes para o produtor, enquanto o mercado de cafés commodity encontra grande oferta e preços muito baixos. A produção orgânica revela-se como alternativa ambiental, social e econômica, pois não contamina o meio ambiente e nem as pessoas direta e indiretamente envolvidas, além de agregar mais valor ao produto final. Apesar de o Brasil ser o maior produtor mundial de café, com aproximadamente 45 milhões de sacas em 2002, a produção de café orgânico foi aproximadamente de 70 mil sacas, de acordo com a ACOB (Associação de Cafeicultura Orgânica do Brasil). O México é o maior produtor mundial de café orgânico, com aproximadamente 500 mil sacas em 2002, sendo a maioria proveniente de sistemas sombreados de café. A cafeicultura nacional caracteriza-se por extensas áreas de monocultivo a pleno sol, desconsiderando o fato do café ser uma espécie originária de florestas caducifólias da Etiópia. A produção de café orgânico brasileira também é, em sua maioria, a pleno sol, com pouca biodiversidade e grande input ao sistema. Países produtores de café orgânico em sistemas sombreados e consumidores criticam a ausência de biodiversidade do sistema brasileiro. Portanto, a pesquisa nacional deve avaliar cientificamente diferentes manejos de café orgânico, obtendo informações quantitativas e qualitativas, visando a sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental e ganho de competitividade internacional do produto brasileiro neste nicho de mercado. Na busca de parâmetros que permitam a caracterização do sistema sombreado e do sistema a pleno sol de café orgânico, a composição química elementar avaliada em elevado nível metrológico é uma ferramenta potencial. Esta alta confiabilidade metrológica pode ser obtida através da análise por ativação neutrônica instrumental (INAA). Para a caracterização destes sistemas de produção de café orgânico, vários elementos químicos foram quantificados por INAA em grãos e folhas de café Coffea arabica, variedade Mundo Novo, e nos solos de ambos os sistemas - café sombreado por árvore leguminosa Platycyamus regnellii e café a pleno sol, na fazenda Jacarandá, Machado, Minas Gerais. Foram também avaliados os parâmetros de produtividade, fertilidade do solo, nutrição vegetal e qualidade do café. Os resultados indicam uma perspectiva positiva para a discriminação dos dois sistemas de produção utilizando-se da composição química elementar determinada por INAA. As avaliações demonstram uma tendência à superioridade do sistema sombreado, principalmen te quanto às maiores concentrações de potássio encontrados em grãos, folhas e solo, que podem ter propiciado uma melhor qualidade do café deste sistema. / The consumption of special coffee, mainly organic coffee, is increasing worldwide following the tendency of consuming products socially fair and ecologically sustainable, providing new market opportunities for coffee farmers in developing countries. The organic coffee is considered to have a better quality, once no agrochemicals are used and therefore, only the essential elements of the coffee will be present in the final product. Brazil is the largest world coffee producer, with 2,700,000 tons of green coffee in the 2002 harvest. However, only 4,200 tons are certified organic coffee, according to the Organic Coffee Brazilian Association (ACOB). The cultivation of organic coffee and shaded coffee are common in Central America, while in Brazil both conventional and organic coffee are mainly cultivated in the full sun system. Mexico, the largest world organic coffee producer, harvested 24,000 tons of certified organic coffee in the 2001-2002 season, most of it from shaded organic coffee system. In Brazil, such system is not well trusted and is also known as less productive. The full sun organic system is very criticized because of the lack of biodiversity and the high demand for external organic fertilizers. The shaded coffee system recycles more nutrients and has biodiversity, consequently, less dependent on external organic fertilizers, insecticides and fungicides. To characterize these two distinct organic coffee production systems, several inorganic chemical elements were quantified by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in coffee beans and leaves from Coffea arabica, variety Mundo Novo, leguminous shade tree (Platycyamus regnellii) leaves and soil from both systems at the Jacarandá farm, Machado, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Other parameters such as productivity, soil fertility, plant nutrition and coffee quality were also evaluated. Results show a positive perspective for discrimination of the two production systems, through the chemical composition by INAA. The evaluations show a tendency of superiority for the shaded treatment, mainly according to the higher mass fractions of K in grains, leaves and soil, which may have caused better coffee quality.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdir Antonio Galante.pdf: 3476937 bytes, checksum: bd1c2a87fdbde01d087f0c6dd5d2d94e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The search for better levels of well-being and health have gained importance insofar as better comfort and consumption standards were obtained in developed countries, stimulating other countries and people to join in this search. Growing concerns over the past few decades with environmental care and greater attention to people have given greater visibility to this issue. In this context, this research aimed to analyze the self-declared health and perceived well-being of the organic and conventional soybean producers in a comparative perspective, as well as to analyze the reasons why the organic producers started this activity in an environment in which traditional agribusiness predominates. For this, the primary data were obtained through an unstructured interview with samples of soybean producers in the year 2014/2015, as well as with other stakeholders of the sector in order to enable the construction of the data collection instrument. Four dimensions of rural worker well-being were considered: human capital, income, physical well-being, and mental health of the interviewee and the pesticide applicator, in order to understand the exposure at contamination risk and health and well-being problems in both cases. The data obtained suggest a high exposure to the risk of contamination by agricultural inputs, due to the fact that there are important safety gaps due to the insufficient use of PPE (personal protective equipment), especially from the group of conventional producers because they interact with more dangerous substances, besides risks Ergonomic due the fact that the high number of reports on back pain. This exposition increases the risk of morbidity of the organic producer group due to age-related ills, since their age profile is less favorable than conventional producers age profile. Regarding the comparison between samples producers, on the one hand there were many unexpected similarities that were made explicit, such as the quality of housing and sanitation, schooling level and comfort items in the house. On the other hand, the conventional group appears to be advantageous in income, while the organic seems to be happier and more satisfied with their lifestyle. With respect to the reasons for choosing the organic production mode, the interviewees showed a strong aversion to family life interacting with the "poisons". Despite the organic activity requires a greater intensity of physical work and has hindrances due to the fact that it belongs to a small sector, there are advantages resulted from the group cohesion, such as the price paid to production and the access to more developed markets. The occurrence of negative externality due to the conventional activity of neighbors, especially to chemical drift, is highlighted. The organic producers evidenced the belief that the family life quality improved, even if the achievement of income increases did not produce the same level of conviction. Finally, the choice by the organic production appears to be a strategy of farmers to overcome difficulties in surviving conventional activity with the few resources they had available, converting the restrictive variables into differential to access an alternative consumer market. / A busca por melhores níveis de bem-estar e saúde ganhou importância à medida que melhores padrões de conforto e consumo foram obtidos em países desenvolvidos, estimulando outros países e pessoas a esta busca. As crescentes preocupações nas últimas décadas com a alimentação saudável, com o ambiente e a maior atenção com as pessoas deram maior visibilidade ao tema. Dentro desse contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a saúde autodeclarada e bem-estar percebido pelos produtores de soja orgânica e convencional em uma perspectiva comparativa, assim como analisar os motivos pelos quais os produtores orgânicos iniciaram essa atividade em um ambiente em que predomina o agronegócio tradicional. Para tanto, a obtenção dos dados primários fez-se por meio de entrevista não estruturada com amostras de produtores de soja no ano 2014/2015, bem como com outros atores do segmento, de modo que viabilizasse a construção do instrumento de coleta de dados. Foram consideradas quatro dimensões de bem-estar do trabalhador rural: o capital humano, a renda, o bem-estar físico e a saúde mental do entrevistado e do aplicador de defensivos e caldas, visando compreender a exposição ao risco de contaminação e problemas com sua saúde e bem-estar nos dois modos de produção de soja. Os dados obtidos sugerem grande exposição ao risco de contaminação por insumos agrícolas, pelo fato de existir importantes lacunas na segurança pelo insuficiente uso de EPIs (equipamento de proteção individual), sobretudo do grupo de produtores convencionais por interagirem com substâncias mais perigosas, além de riscos ergonômicos, tendo em vista os altos níveis de relatos sobre dor nas costas. Esta exposição acentua o risco de morbidade do grupo de produtores orgânicos por males decorrentes da idade, uma vez que o perfil etário lhes é menos favorável. Em relação à comparação entre amostras de produtores, por um lado houve muitas semelhanças inesperadas que foram explicitadas, como a qualidade da habitação e do saneamento, nível de escolaridade e itens de conforto na casa. Por outro lado, o grupo convencional aparenta vantagem na renda ao passo que o orgânico aparenta estar mais feliz e satisfeito com a atividade e estilo de vida. Com respeito às razões de escolha pelo modo de produção orgânico, os entrevistados mostraram forte aversão à vida familiar interagindo com os venenos . Apesar da atividade orgânica exigir maior intensidade de trabalho físico e possuir entraves decorrentes de compor um setor pequeno, há vantagens advindas da coesão do grupo, do preço pago à produção e do acesso a mercados mais desenvolvidos. Há destaque na ocorrência de externalidade negativa decorrente da atividade convencional de vizinhos, sobretudo à deriva química. Os produtores orgânicos evidenciaram a crença de que a qualidade de vida da família melhorou, mesmo que a obtenção de incrementos de renda não produza o mesmo nível de convicção. Por fim, a escolha pela produção orgânica aparenta constituir-se como estratégia dos agricultores para contornar dificuldades em sobreviver na atividade convencional com os poucos recursos que dispunham, transformando as variáveis que lhe eram restritivas em diferencial para acessar um mercado consumidor alternativo ao das commodities.

Purpose – This study aims to explore, and suggest solutions to, the gap between the supply of information from organic meat producers and the demand of information from consumers regarding traceable characteristics (attributes) of meat in a limited geographical area in order to maximize the utilization and value of collected data. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methods research design is applied to collect both quantitative data from consumers and qualitative data from suppliers to produce empirical results of the supply and demand of information. A theoretical framework of organic food purchase intent is used for the quantitative study as well as the correlation between consumers’ perceived importance of attributes and their willingness-to-pay for meat. The results of the empirical studies are compared to each other in an effort to expose a possible gap using a gap analysis. Findings – Meat is shifting from a price based commodity to a product based on characteristics. This study reveals that there is now a gap between the information made available by organic meat producers and the demand of information from consumers that needs to be recognized in order to maximize the value of collected data. Information regarding environmental impact of raising and transporting the animals is not extensively collected. A substantial amount of data about attributes of perceived importance, such as safety and handling, animal welfare and medication or other treatments is collected but not extensively shared with consumers. Research limitations/implications – The small sample size in a unique area and the scope of the survey data does not provide a result that can be truly generalized. It is therefore suggested that future studies produce results from a larger sample that incorporates the perceived accessibility of important information for consumers. Practical implications – This contributes to the emerging literature of organic food production by comparing both the supply and the demand of information regarding attributes of meat. This information is valuable to organic meat producers and marketers as well as developers of agricultural systems and databases that should shift their focus to consumer oriented traceability systems. Originality/value – This study goes beyond the substantial body of literature regarding attributes of organic food and consumers preferences by comparing these factors to the available supply of information by meat producers and by suggesting solutions to bridge the gap between them. Keywords – Organic meat, Organic agriculture, e-Agriculture, Traceability, Traceability systems, Consumer oriented, Consumer behavior, Willingness-to-pay, Supply and demand, Information gap, Gap analysis, Business development, United States of America, Sense-making theory, Mixed methods Paper type – Research paper, Bachelor’s thesis

[pt] Através de sua abordagem restaurativa e regenerativa por princípio, a economia circular é capaz de trazer inúmeros benefícios quando combinada às práticas de agricultura orgânica, que consistem na produção de alimentos livres de contaminantes e que preza pela segurança e valorização do homem e do meio ambiente. Nesse estudo, a relação entre os dois temas será analisada sob o contexto da cafeicultura orgânica, setor que tem apresentado fortes tendências de crescimento e um amplo campo de desenvolvimento para novas práticas ao longo de toda a sua cadeia de suprimentos. O café é carbono negativo e capaz de ter seu ciclo completamente fechado, podendo ser reinserido de forma integral e segura no meio ambiente. A análise foi realizada utilizando os preceitos da metodologia ReSOLVE, desenvolvido pela Ellen MacArthur Foundation (regenerar, compartilhar, otimizar, ciclar, virtualizar e trocar) em empresas que produzem e/ou comercializam café orgânico, verificando a sua devida aplicabilidade ao longo das respectivas cadeias de suprimentos. O presente estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo. Para isso, foram desenvolvidos estudos de casos com a realização de entrevistas estruturadas em profundidade com os atuais proprietários das empresas focais e a triangulação de dados, buscando validar sua confiabilidade. O resultado dessa pesquisa evidencia como a aplicação da economia circular nos modos de produção da cafeicultura orgânica é capaz de potencializar os resultados obtidos, através da cooperação e integração de sua cadeia de suprimentos, mas também constata a presença de algumas barreiras importantes a sua plena implementação. / [en] Through its restorative and regenerative approach by principle, the circular economy is able to bring numerous benefits when combined with organic farming practices, which consists in producing food free of contaminants and that values the safety and enhancement of man and the environment. In this study, the relationship between the two topics will be analyzed in the context of organic coffee farming, a sector that has shown strong growth trends and a wide field for the development of new practices throughout its supply chain. Coffee is carbon negative and capable of having its cycle completely closed, and can be fully and safely reinserted into the environment. The analysis was carried out using the precepts of the ReSOLVE methodology, developed by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation (regenerate, share, optimize, cycle, virtualize and exchange) in companies that produce and/or sell organic coffee, verifying its proper applicability along the respective supply chains. The present study is a qualitative research of descriptive character. To this end, case studies were developed with structured in-depth interviews with the current owners of the focal companies and data triangulation, seeking to validate its reliability. The result of this research shows how the application of the circular economy in organic coffee production methods is able to enhance the results obtained, through cooperation and integration of its supply chain, but also notes the presence of some important barriers to its full implementation.

Increasingly, firms like Patagonia, IKEA, General Mills, or Barilla actively seek to understand their interdependence with nature, build innovative capabilities, and generate more radical shifts toward sustainability. This creates exciting opportunities to investigate exactly how these companies obtain knowledge about ecosystem dynamics and processes and how they use it both to cope with climate change or declining ecosystem resilience and contribute to maintain or even strengthen ecosystems. Despite the considerable potential to advance research on organizational strategy and corporate sustainability, the notion of ‘ecological knowledge’ has yet to enter the scholarly work of management and business organization in a substantive manner. At present, we know almost nothing about the processes, mechanisms, and routines that enable an organization to, first, recognize the value of such knowledge and to, then, systematically access, co-create, integrate and utilize such knowledge into its broader knowledge and resource base. My dissertation attempts to fill this gap and opens up new directions for research on the role of ecological knowledge in corporate sustainability management. More specifically, I ask: What are the processes through which organizations can effectively access, co-create, integrate and utilize ecological knowledge with current organizational knowledge and strategies? I link strategic and organization-focused concepts of knowledge and the perspective of absorptive capacity with the notion of ecological knowledge from modern ecology, especially from the social-ecological systems literature, to shed light on the processes through which organizations can effectively access, co-create, integrate and utilize new ecological knowledge into their operational and strategic decision making. I adopt a qualitative, emergent, and inductive strategy drawing on a grounded research approach to gain an in-depth, cross-validated, and processual understanding of the mechanisms through which organizations can promote and enhance ecosystem health including biodiversity. I undertook my study on the organic agriculture sector, a sub-sector of the modern agriculture and agri-food industry. I collected data from nineteen agriculture and agri-food organizations based in British Columbia (BC), the westernmost province of Canada, using multiple data sources including in-depth interviews, observations, company documents, reports, newspaper articles and field reports. Based on my analysis, I develop a grounded theory about the processes through which organizations can successfully deepen their ecological knowledge and then utilize this knowledge to more sustainably manage their relationships with nature and contribute to protecting or even strengthening ecosystem functionality. With my dissertation, I address the call from scholars in Organization and the Natural Environment (ONE) and Corporate Sustainability for more transdisciplinary cross-fertilization as an essential approach to building compelling new theory and models in the field. First, my analysis offers a more fine-grained understanding of the types, components, dimensions, and characteristics of ecological knowledge. Second, my analysis uncovers a micro-level account of the processes by which individuals as critical actors identify, evaluate and make sense of the organization-environment interrelationships across various scales of time and space. I also identify the multiple personal characteristics of individual actors that influence these processes in various stages and circumstances. Third, my study offers insights into the factors that can strengthen an organization’s relational capacity to build mutual trust and collaboration with holders of ecological knowledge. Fourth, it sheds light on how firms engage with and motivate multiple community stakeholders in building a collaborative process of mutual learning, knowledge sharing, and knowledge co-creation to build joint capacity for coping successfully with many complex challenges of sustainability, thus contributing to the wellbeing of the entire social-ecological system. Collectively, these contributions provide a deeper and more holistic understanding of the processes of acquiring and co-creating ecological knowledge that can allow an organization to transition successfully towards greater ecological sustainability. My dissertation also offers numerous practically relevant insights for businesses facing the challenges of economic, social and environmental sustainability, as well as specific guidance on how companies can protect or enhance their supply of natural capital and contribute toward greater stability of the broader human-nature systems in which they are embedded. / Graduate / 2023-11-15

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-19T18:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1999 - Airton Piana.pdf: 775947 bytes, checksum: 345192b341357cf041498f24f7353db6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T18:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1999 - Airton Piana.pdf: 775947 bytes, checksum: 345192b341357cf041498f24f7353db6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-09-24 / CNPq / FAPERJ / Ce travail de recherche se propose d'analyser deux th?mes intervenants dans la r?cente constituition de l' Agriculture Organique dans la r?gion des environs de la ville de S?o Paulo. L'un s'agit de la construction de savoirs qui orientent la production d'un nouveau lieu de l'homme dans la nature. Ils sont constitu?s ? partir de connaissances reconnues comme cientifiques. L'autre s'agit de la constuition de circuits d'?changes con?us pour la commercialisation des oleraceas organiques. / This research proposes to analyze two themes related to organic agriculture constitution in the region of greenbelt of the city of S?o Paulo, in recent times. The first one treats of construction of revealed guiding knowledges in production of a new place of man in nature, constituted from recognized scientific knowledge. The second one is related to the constitution of exchange circuits consubstantiated to marketing of organic vegetables. / Este trabalho de pesquisa prop?e-se ? an?lise de dois temas intervenientes na constitui??o da Agricultura Org?nica na regi?o do cintur?o verde da cidade de S?o Paulo, em per?odo recente. O primeiro, trata da constru??o de saberes que se revelaram orientadores na produ??o de um novo lugar do homem na natureza, constitu?dos a partir de conhecimentos reconhecidos como cient?ficos. O segundo, trata da constitui??o dos circuitos de troca consubtanciados para a comercializa??o das oler?ceas org?nicas.

商業上的大趨勢（megatrend）一直是學者專家所研究的對象，因為它影響著企業如何競爭與為消費者創造價值。近年來，由於全球化與新興經濟體所帶來的環境衝擊與自然資源的競爭，迫使商業開始出現本質上的改變。本研究以里仁公司為例，深入研究日益蓬勃發展的社會企業如何因運時勢而生，及其如何運用獨特的經營模式來為消費者以及農友創造價值，以達到經濟、社會與環境的三重盈餘。 本研究採用文獻回顧分析結合非結構式的訪談，與里仁公司的總經理、公關部進行數十小時的溝通與意見交流，以分析歸納出里仁公司的經營模式與關鍵成功因素。里仁公司的成立目的是推廣台灣的有機農業與慈心食品 ，讓消費者有健康的飲食，提升台灣農民的競爭力同時保育環境。里仁公司為佛教徒所創立，其研習的經典「菩提道次第廣論」為組織的思想與價值觀，指導著組織上下的行為法則，形塑出強勢的企業文化。因此相較於一般企業，里仁公司的組織成員目標與組織目標整合程度較高，而由此衍生出來的成功關鍵有三，一為宗教背景帶來的組織整合能力，二為慈心事業利用社會資本所創造的綜效帶來供應鏈的緊密關係，三為里仁公司的創新與研發能力。 里仁公司的成功，有賴於高度的組織認同與組織獨特經營模式的相輔相成，對於里仁公司而言，能夠落實佛法才是事業的意義。因此在面臨市場需求大的組織成長壓力，里仁公司仍堅定步伐讓員工慢慢從佛法內化學習起，因其不以利益擴張為考量，即便組織成長趨緩可能會影響獲取規模經濟的優勢。從經營模式來看，社會資本的大量運用與模式中各個環結串連的流暢性是里仁模式成功的關鍵，慈心事業的各組織分別在供應鏈上扮演著資源的媒合者來把上游供應商、消費者與里仁公司緊緊串連，供應商與消費者亦同時成為組織社會資本的一部分，帶入更多的人來認識里仁與新的消費力量。 里仁公司藉由提供有機與慈心食品給消費者，同時幫助台灣的農民在走向外銷之路上更具有競爭力，盈餘則贊助兩個股東基金會的生命成長營隊、校園蔬食及種樹護地球等讓促進社會健康與改善環境的活動。目前台灣有機農業已逐漸發展成熟，里仁公司已開始邁向新的策略—結合環境保育與有機農業，期望能讓台灣重要的環境保育區、集水區上游有乾淨的水質與土壤，並利用環境保育商標來凝聚消費者對這塊土地的重視。 對於此經營模式如何複製與擴充，作者認為整合經營模式中利害關係人需求間的交換機制以及善用經營模式的可複製元素是成功關鍵。在個案公司的例子中是將佛家以人為本的普世價值形成強組織文化，將供應商、消費者的需求與供給能夠透過組織力量的媒合進行更有效率的交換。強組織文化在此種商業模式的應用上不可或缺，其為累積社會資本的一大關鍵。另外則是運用社會資本產生一回饋系統。 / Business megatrend has always been an important research target, as it influences on how enterprises compete and create value for their customers. In recnt years, globalization and emerging economies bring environmental impact and competition for natural resources, forcing fundamental and persistant shift in how companies compete. In this research, Leesen Company is used as a case of a social enterprise to illustrate how it creates and utilizes social capital to grow and sustain its business, which provides a reference for social entrepreneurs and researchers to develop new business model that achieves the so called triple bottom lines. Systematic paper review combined with 26 hours of low-structured interview with CEO and director of public relations in Leezen Company, this study aims to summarize and analyze the business model and key success factors. Leezen Company is built for promoting organic agriculture and non-toxic food, trying to make healthy food available for all consumers in Taiwan. Founded by a Buddhist, Leezen company is guided by the Buddhist Sutra “Lamrim Chenmo”, which deeply influences employees’ thoughts and core value. This, in tern, results in higher integration of goals between organization and employees compared to other organization. Key success factors are as follows: Highly coordinated and integrated coporate culture formed through buddsim generates great synergy in supply chain of Tzu-Xin conglomerates, where Leezen Company belongs to, and gains great trust from consumers. Also, the innovation and R&D in food technology created by its persistence in doing the right thing strengthens its competitive advantage in in organic argiculture and non-toxic food. Through providing organic and non-toxic food, Leezen Company creates a healthier environment for consumers and bolsters competitiveness of Taiwanese farmers to sale argicultural product abroad. Revenue goes to sponsor various activities that benefit our mind, health and environment of two shareholder foundations. As the organic industry become more mature these days, Leezen Company starts to adopt a new strategy of combining environmental protection and organic agriculture, expecting to replace traditional agriculture in conseravation aeras and upstream reservoirs. Also, it develops an environmental protection trademark for food grown in those areas, trying to arouse the awareness of more people. The key to replicate and expand this business model lies in how the organization can integrate and exchange its stakeholders’ needs, also how it can make good use of its replicable factors in the business model. In this case, Buddhism shapes strong organizational culture, which increases the efficiency of mediating the needs between suppliers and customers, accumulating its social capital. Further, social capital creates feedback system which makes the business model self-sufficient.

This research seeks to address the gap in the literature on women, health, and environments by exploring the factors that motivate Jamaican women farmers to practice organic agriculture and how these might relate to their understandings of environment and health. The experiences and decisions of women farmers are also positioned within wider historical contexts of colonialism and agricultural change. Integrating a variety of theoretical frameworks, including public issues anthropology, ethnoecology, rural sociology, and feminist political ecology, my own scholarly analysis is merged with the perspectives of the women farmers interviewed in this qualitative study. This research found that women organic farmers in Jamaica were motivated by various factors related to environment and health and impacted by the island’s legacy of slavery and industrialization. The findings of this thesis can be used to encourage the practice of organic agriculture and to improve human health and environmental wellbeing in Jamaica and beyond. / Richard and Sophia Hungerford Travel Scholarship, Yeandle Family Graduate Scholarship, Richard and Sophia Hungerford Graduate Scholarship, Registrar’s Research Grant for Graduate Students, Registrar’s Research Travel Grant

School canteens can significantly influence children?s eating habits and can demonstrate them perfectly good principles in food selection. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the interest of school management and pupils? parents in the introduction of organic food in school canteen menus. The questionnaire survey was targeted at primary school and their school canteens that lie in the statutory city of České Budějovice and its immediate surroundings.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-10T18:01:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VLADIMIR COSTA DE ALENCAR - TESE PPGRN 2009..pdf: 9290550 bytes, checksum: cdd4f50a45bc398ddd2ac6cdfd4cdb0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T18:01:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VLADIMIR COSTA DE ALENCAR - TESE PPGRN 2009..pdf: 9290550 bytes, checksum: cdd4f50a45bc398ddd2ac6cdfd4cdb0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11 / À nível mundial, está ocorrendo gradativamente a mudança da matriz alimentar da humanidade. Em função de um maior nível de informação da sociedade, a partir dos meios de comunicação de massa e pesquisas acadêmicas, está aumentando o consumo de carnes brancas, frutas, verduras e legumes. Além disso, há um componente político-ideológico, onde os consumidores passam a preferir alimentos que não sejam produzidos com a exploração de mão-de-obra infantil, sem agressão do meio ambiente e com tecnologias de produção de baixo custo, sem o uso de agroquímicos (agrotóxicos e adubos químicos). A preservação dos recursos naturais não renováveis passa a ser a pauta do dia, e a sustentabilidade emerge com uma grande importância. Diante desse quadro, a agricultura orgânica tem se fortalecido, vindo da necessidade de alimentos limpos (sem resíduos tóxicos) que a sociedade moderna exige e por conseqüência a preservação da natureza. Este trabalho teve como finalidade uma análise comparativa multiobjetivo de um sistema de produção convencional e um sistema de produção orgânico, tendo como base as áreas irrigadas da cidade de Boqueirão, Estado da Paraíba, onde possui um reservatório que abastece várias cidades deste estado. Foi utilizada uma série de 10 anos hidroclimáticos da região. Para execução deste trabalho foi utilizado (e adicionadas funcionalidades) um sistema de apoio à decisão que utiliza programação linear para otimização multiobjetivo de análises de seleção de culturas para áreas irrigadas. Foram demonstrados, através de cenários, que o manejo orgânico tem um ganho maior em relação ao manejo convencional em relação à receita líquida, mão-de-obra, saúde humana e preservação ambiental. / In worldwide level, a change of humanity’s food matrix is gradually occurring. Because of a higher level of information that society’s receiving, through mass media and academic researches, the consumption of white meat, fruits and vegetables is rising. Also, there is a political-ideological component, in which consumers tend to prefer food that is not produced through infantile labour exploitation, that doesn’t harm the environment while it’s being produced and that, when produced, uses technology of production with low cost, without the usage of agrochemicals (pesticides and chemical fertilizers). The preservation of not renewable natural resources is at the top of the agenda, and sustainability emerges with a great importance. Before this frame, organic agriculture has strengthened, because of modern society’s demand for clean food (without toxic residues), and consequently for nature protection. The present work had the objective of developing a multiobjective comparative analysis of a production system that utilizes conventional management (using agrochemicals – fertilization and pesticides) and of a production system that uses organic management, on Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir (Boqueirão), in the State of Paraíba, through a 10 climatic years scenario. In this work a DSS (Decision Support System) was used with the purpose of applying a multiobjective optimization based on linear programming to crop selection analysis in irrigated areas. It has been shown that agricultural organic management provides better net profit, use of human labor and health and environmental protection than conventional management.