Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71060100673.pdf: 1601609 bytes, checksum: 31f973657537b212d880f0ceff09e830 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-02T00:00:00Z / This thesis seeks to examine the difference between manufacturing and service firms with respect to the effects of knowledge on performance, and the influence of market turbulence in this relationship. Empirical data, resulting from a survey, was collected from more than 1,206 firms, involving several sectors. Two samples were analyzed, one with 334 manufacturing and other with 509 service firms. The findings indicate no significant difference in the importance of knowledge on performance between these sectors in the absence of market turbulence: knowledge development (KD) has a stronger effect than culture of competitiveness (CC) on firm performance. However, under market turbulence, manufacturers differ from service providers. The positive effect of KD is enhanced, while the positive effect of CC remains the same for manufacturing firms. On the other hand, the positive effect of KD is diminished, while the positive effect of CC is enhanced for service firms. This supports the argument concerning differences in the nature of manufacturing and service industries. From a managerial point of view, results confirm the importance of knowledge, irrespective of firm sector or market turbulence. However, while industrial firms should center efforts on KD, service firms must find a balance where knowledge development (e.g. norms, processes, routines) does not impair their culture of competitiveness (e.g. learning, innovation, action). The thesis contributes to existing literature by proposing that: (1) the positive effect of knowledge on performance is confirmed; (2) under turbulent markets manufacturing and service firms have different responses concerning the influence of knowledge on performance; (3) a multidimensional performance construct based on cost, profitability, and growth is an interesting way to evaluate firm sustained competitive advantage, rather than one-dimensional constructs; (4) the CC x KD interaction, found relevant for supply chains in previous studies, is not supported for firms; (5) differences in unit of analysis, e.g. from supply chains to firms, result in different effects of KD and CC on firm performance; (6) existing scales can be improved with the addition of more diverse indicators, capturing a wider range of concepts (e.g. information transfer measurement); and (7) results from previous studies are supported for Brazilian firms, contributing for theory generalization.

The last years, libraries and information centers, as well as other organizations are attempting to survive in a knowledge-driven society. Moreover, they are called upon to redefine their structure and management processes in order to increase their competitive advantage through their learning capability and their knowledge assets. Knowledge has become their core element that contributes to the development and improvement of their services through knowledge management (KM) initiatives, connected with knowledge assets creation, sharing, and exploitation. This study is a qualitative research that has been conducted in NTUA Central Library with main research object the Department of Information and Users’ Services. The study examines the knowledge management (KM) perception in the Department and by extension, the library. It aims to identify the adopted KM practices, investigate the KM process through knowledge creation and sharing, collaboration and communication among employees and external collaborators and finally, to propose new methods and techniques through a KM strategy, for improving the Department and library’s internal operation and services provision. The study’s goal is to present the current situation of one of the biggest Greek academic libraries regarding KM initiatives and to draw attention on the academic libraries’ changing role in the new digital era and the opportunities that KM provides them to participate in the knowledge-based economy and the knowledge-based society. The importance of this study lies on the fact that few researches have been conducted in Greek academic libraries and the results have presented that they demonstrate little attempt to adopt KM practices and rather, to establish a clear KM strategy. In this context, the study is trying to clarify the importance of focusing on people as libraries’ knowledge resource connected with their knowledge and experience, which defined as “intellectual assets” that need to be recorded, classified, updated and definitely shared, in order to become searchable and accessible. It is a case study, conducted through an interpretive approach, following a holistic ethnography tradition. The research methods used for the data collection were the methods of participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The data collected have been analyzed through the six (6) phases of the thematic analysis, while methods data validation have been used to ensure their reliability. In conclusion, the study presents results connected with the Department’s knowledge specification (tacit and explicit), the process of knowledge sharing by mentioning the people involving, the methods and tools. Furthermore, the weaknesses the Department faces are presented regarding employees’ involvement – mostly connected with communication and collaboration – and the systems and resources management. Finally, the anticipated future challenges are presented and analyzed, as defined by the library’s role, the employees’ role and the KM role.

This qualitative study is of the interpretivist nature and it aims to examine how knowledge workers perceive their interaction with a knowledge management system when used for knowledge sharing purposes. The purpose is to offer answers to two research questions: How do knowledge workers perceive their interaction with knowledge management technology in relation to knowledge sharing? What are the benefits and challenges that knowledge workers experience in relation to knowledge managing and sharing when using a KMS system? The data was collected by applying qualitative research methods and by conducting five interviews with participants of an IT organization that has its head office in Sweden, but additional offices in other geographical locations. To be able to study the participants´ perception and the benefits of the use on both local and international levels, the interviewees were chosen from different sites in which their organization was operating. To provide the answers to these questions and to establish the foundation of this research, an extensive literature review on the problem area was carried out, and a theoretical framework has been employed to study the different aspects of this model in the context of knowledge management systems in relation to knowledge sharing among knowledge workers. As a result, additional derived attributes came from the findings and it is shown that users tend to relate knowledge quality with the completeness, frequency of update, and validity of the knowledge content that they are exposed to in the KMS. Similarly, they relate KMS quality to administrability and maintenance easiness, whereas organizational service providing quality in relation to knowledge sharing is more related to the aspects of organizational commitment and reliability. Moreover, the findings show that participants relate their intention to use the KMS to the attributes of convenience and practicality, and the levels of user satisfaction were in this case mainly related to the user´s perception of usefulness. Lastly, the perception of the benefits and reciprocal value-creating for both the organization and the individual was examined and the findings show that the users tend to relate these to the aspect of relevance, or in other words that the benefits are only perceived as useful by the user if they are identifiable, respectively the user being aware of the benefits and perceiving them as relevant.

台灣TFT LCD產業在國內六家主要廠商的帶動下，由草創期邁向快速成長期，成為世界舞台上矚目的焦點。本研究以台灣TFT LCD產業為研究對象，一方面為台灣TFT LCD產業記錄略盡微薄之力，一方面藉著技術知識特質與內外部技術網路的探討，深入瞭解台灣TFT LCD產業組織知識流通以及能耐打造的情況。 本研究以個案訪談為主要研究方式，共訪問六家主要的TFT LCD廠商。本研究以「技術知識特質」、「外部技術網路」、「內部技術網路」探討其對台灣TFT LCD產業廠商「組織知識流通」的影響。本研究之研究發現如下： 壹、技術知識特質對外部技術網路之影響 一、本研究發現當組織技術知識路徑相依度不同時，與技術知識吸收來源關係緊密程度亦不相同。當組織技術知識路徑相依度愈高時，與技術知識吸收來源關係愈寬鬆。當組織技術知識路徑相依度愈低時，與技術知識吸收來源關係愈緊密。 二、本研究發現當組織技術知識路徑相依度不同時，組織在吸收供應商的技術知識上採取不同的模式。當台灣TFT LCD廠商技術知識路徑相依度愈高時，其在吸收技轉廠商的技術知識上採取共同開發模式。當台灣TFT LCD廠商技術知識路徑相依度愈低時，其在吸收設備供應商的技術知識上採取交付模式，且設備供應商會提供文件資料、派人駐廠協助。 貳、外部技術網路對組織知識流通之影響 一、本研究發現當組織與技術知識來源關係緊密程度不同時，組織在管理知識吸收上會採取不同的互動方式。當台灣TFT LCD廠商與技術知識來源關係緊密時，其在管理知識吸收上會採取持續互動的方式。當台灣TFT LCD廠商與技術知識來源關係寬鬆時，其在管理知識吸收上不會採取持續互動的方式。 參、內部技術網路對組織知識流通之影響 一、本研究發現知識經驗的分享有助於組織知識在轉換過程中創造與蓄積。知識經驗透過師徒制、在職訓練分享，有助於知識在共同化過程中蓄積與傳播。知識經驗透過文件資料撰寫，有助於知識在外化過程中蓄積與傳播。知識經驗透過面對面溝通分享，包括會議召開、空間設計，有助於知識在結合過程中創造。知識經驗透過內部網路分享，有助於知識在結合過程中蓄積與傳播。 二、本研究發現組織擁有知識創造型團員有助於組織知識的流通。台灣TFT LCD產業的知識操作員在知識共同化過程中，藉著親赴日本實地學習促進組織知識的吸收。台灣TFT LCD產業的知識操作員在知識外化過程中，藉著將受訓內容進行文件化記錄，促進組織知識的蓄積。台灣TFT LCD產業的知識主管屬於T型人，透過會議傳遞、溝通組織願景，有助於知識的創造。 三、本研究發現組織內研發部門與生產部門間的連結與轉移，有助於解決知識創造過程中的問題。台灣TFT LCD各家廠商皆藉著研發部門與生產部門間人員的互動來促成問題的解決。 肆、台灣TFT LCD產業創新特色 一、本研究發現台灣TFT LCD產業這兩年快速發展的過程中，廠商為了避免技術風險與市場風險，採取下列的作法：以共同開發、獨家授權、合資等模式，與獨有的日本技轉廠商維持緊密的合作關係來降低技術風險；以產品銷售母公司、為技轉廠商進行代工等方式來降低市場風險。 二、本研究發現當母公司進行跨業投資台灣TFT LCD產業時，會透過集團協助組織知識流通，其中包括高階主管、生產人才的調任，以及技術知識、管理經驗的提供。 三、本研究發現在產品開發能力移轉上，台灣TFT LCD廠商成功邁向第二個層次—調適與零件本土化的能力移轉，並建構本身在實體系統、管理系統、技術與知識、價值觀各方面的核心能力。 四、本研究發現在台灣TFT LCD產業崛起過程中，工研院除了提供技術知識給廠商外，亦扮演人才提供的角色，協助台灣TFT LCD產業組織知識的流通。 五、本研究發現在台灣TFT LCD產業崛起過程中，創新的CEO透過容忍智慧型失敗、塑造關懷（Care）與學習的組織環境，協助組織內知識的流通。

本研究之目的，以S公司的IC設計服務專案問題解決方式為案例，運用Dorothy Leonard的基本架構為分析主軸，試圖對S公司IC設計服務部門（台灣工程中心）核心能力建構提出學術性的解釋。本研究採用非實驗性之質性個案研究法，以S公司的三個設計代工及一個內度專案為研究對象。本研究發現如下： 　　壹、技術知識特質對內部技術網路之影響 　　一、本研究發現S公司的IC設計服務專案所面臨的技術問題主要為與設計工具相關知識的改變所導引出來的模組式創新或突破式創新。 　　二、本研究發現面對的問題創新程度高的專案，其內部技術網路連結關係愈強。 　　貳、內部技術網路對知識流通之影響 　　一、本研究發現知識經驗的分享有助於組織知識在轉換過程中創造與蓄積。知識經驗透過師徒制、在職訓練及內部經驗分享，有助於知識在共同化過程中蓄積與傳播。知識經驗透過文件資料撰寫，有助於知識在外化過程中蓄積與傳播。知識經驗透過內部網路分享，有助於知識在結合過程中蓄積與傳播。 　　二、本研究發現組織擁有知識創造型團員有助於組織知識的流通。例如S公司的知識工程師將其內隱知識文件化，加上知識主管的鼓勵，透過共同化、外化的過程，促進了組織的知識流通。 　　三、本研究發現S公司在實驗與原型的活動中，有助於解決知識創造過程中的問題。 　　參、S公司的核心能力 　　一、本研究發現S公司台灣工程中心的核心競爭力如下： 　　　　1. 員工知識和技能－一群對設計工具相當熟悉的I型工程師 　　　　2. 實體技術系統－公司發展的設計工具 　　　　3. 管理系統－經理個人魅力鼓勵員工進行知識經驗的分享 　　　　4. 價值觀和規範－以客為尊，建立長期合作夥伴關係 　　二、本研究發現組織知識流通愈強的專案，有助於組織核心能力建置。 / The intend of study is trying to identify core competency of S Company IC Design Service Department, Taiwan Engineering Center, using the framework proposed by Dorothy Leonard-Barton in 1995. This study is a descriptive and exploratory case study for S company Taiwan engineering center handling three customers’ IC implementation project and one internal new design methodology development project. The major conclusions for this study as below: 　　1. The characteristics of technical knowledge affect internal networking including: 　　　● The technical knowledge challenge, which S company is faced, is mainly derived from module innovation and/or radical innovation when new design tools introduced. 　　　● When the problem project team encountered is lower dependency of organizational technical knowledge, then internal networking work closely is required to resolve the problem. 　　2. The internal networking affects knowledge flow process including: 　　　● Sharing of knowledge experiences is contributive to organizational knowledge creation and storage during conversion process. Making use of master and apprentice system and on-job training to share knowledge experiences is contributive to knowledge storage and spread during socialization process. Making use of writing documents to share knowledge experiences is contributive to knowledge storage and spread during externalization process. Making use of intranet to share knowledge experiences is contributive to knowledge storage and spread during combination process. 　　　● Having knowledge-creating crew is contributive to organizational knowledge flow process. 　　　● During problem solving stage, experimental and prototyping making is helpful for creating organizational knowledge. 　　3. S Company core competency analysis 　　　● S company Taiwan engineering center core competency is concluded as following: 　　　　1. Employee knowledge and skill — There is a group of I type engineers who are skillful in using design tools, 　　　　2. Technical system — Employees have early and un-limited access to S company’s well-developed design tools 　　　　3. Managerial system — Knowledge officer personal inference power 　　　　4. Value and norms — Company motto “Your Long Term Design Partner” 　　　● High throughput knowledge flow project helps S company creating core competency.

Kooperation sowie Kommunikation und deren Organisation sind nicht Selbstzweck, sondern sollen die Leistung verbessern und Innovationen erzeugen. Ob sie das leisten, hängt weniger von den Technologien, d.h. den Mitteln ab, mittels derer sie abgewickelt werden sollen, sondern von den Inhalten und Arten der Kooperation selbst. Kooperation bei dafür ungeeigneten Aufgaben oder in ungeeigneter Weise wird auch durch innovative Vermittlungstechnologien nicht geeigneter.

This study aims to analyze ways of creating and managing knowledge in Petrogas Sergipe Network. Accordingly, we analyze various forms of knowledge generated in the network, as well as its management. It presents significant content based on discussion Enterprises Networks, Local Production - APLs based on normative concepts and experiences in Oil and Gas Networks. Emphasis is also important concepts on Knowledge Management and organizational knowledge. The context presented by Petrogas Sergipe Network provides understand that organizations acquire competitiveness and market innovative, admittedly competitive process required by the economy, in which companies increasingly need to improve their skills for business continuity. Strategy that includes work in interorganizational network, presents itself as appropriate, because that constitutes a privileged space for interaction and cooperation between different actors that are part of the network. At the same time, you can see that the process of knowledge organizational management comprises an important condition in the development of interorganizational business networks in order to add value to the companies that comprise it. Therefore, Petrogas Sergipe Network has important significance for the economy in Sergipe, in terms of income generation, employment and business opportunities, especially as an arrangement also fundamental for the consolidation of System Innovation and knowledge generation in State of Sergipe. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, analisar formas de criação e gestão do conhecimento, na Rede PETROGAS Sergipe. Nesse sentido, são analisadas diversas formas do conhecimento gerado nessa rede, bem como sua gestão. Apresenta-se significativo conteúdo com base na discussão sobre Redes de Empresas, Arranjos Produtivos Locais - APLs com base em conceitos normativos e experiências em Redes de Petróleo e Gas. Enfatiza-se também, importantes conceitos sobre o Conhecimento Organizacional e a Gestão do conhecimento organizacional. O contexto apresentado pela Rede PETROGÁS Sergipe, proporciona entender que as organizações adquirem competitividade inovativa e mercadológica, reconhecidamente exigida pelo processo concorrencial da economia, no qual as empresas necessitam cada vez mais aprimorar suas habilidades para continuidade dos seus negócios. Desta forma, a estratégia que compreende o trabalho em rede interorganizacional, apresenta-se como adequada, em virtude de que se constitui como espaço privilegiado de cooperação e interação entre diversos atores que fazem parte da rede. Ao mesmo tempo, é possível perceber que o processo de gestão do conhecimento organizacional, compreende uma condição importante no desenvolvimento de redes empresariais interorganizacionais, no sentido de agregar valor às empresas que a compõem. Portanto, a Rede PETROGÁS Sergipe apresenta importante significado para a economia sergipana, do ponto de vista da geração de renda, emprego e oportunidades de negócios, destacando- se também como um arranjo fundamental para a consolidação do Sistema de Inovação e de geração de conhecimento no Estado de Sergipe.

Submitted by RAPHAEL MENDES (mendes.rbm@gmail.com) on 2013-11-19T17:13:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL_v.1.2.6.pdf: 10169650 bytes, checksum: 5cdb2b519a9c0af71f11b8cca181c2ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2014-01-14T12:54:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL_v.1.2.6.pdf: 10169650 bytes, checksum: 5cdb2b519a9c0af71f11b8cca181c2ca (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-01-23T17:44:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL_v.1.2.6.pdf: 10169650 bytes, checksum: 5cdb2b519a9c0af71f11b8cca181c2ca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-23T17:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO FINAL_v.1.2.6.pdf: 10169650 bytes, checksum: 5cdb2b519a9c0af71f11b8cca181c2ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-02 / Knowledge management represents a new responsibility for the public administration to let it grow its services effectiveness and better the society that it serves, in that helps organizations dealing new challenges, deploy innovating practices of management and enhance the quality os process, products and public services. Whereas the knowledge management’s process embraces five steps represented by identifying, creating, storing, sharing and utilizating the organizational knowledge, a first mapping of the KM practices already existing at the National Criminalistics Institute is very important. As a new practice in brazilian public organizations, many evaluation methods were found in the scientific literature. Therefore, the IPEA method was chosen, as the National Criminalistics Institute has not already started an institutional initiative to implement KM practices. By the way, the survey results revealed that the National Criminalistics Institute is in an early stage of KM development, when the organization recognizes the significance and the requirement of managing the knowledge originated in the circunstances os its activities. Furthermore, specific actions related to codifying organizational informations and knowledges were found scattered. / Gerir o conhecimento representa uma nova responsabilidade da administração pública para que ela possa aumentar a efetividade dos serviços prestados e melhorar a sociedade a qual serve, na medida em que auxilia as organizações a enfrentar novos desafios, implantar práticas inovadoras de gestão e melhorar a qualidade dos processos, produtos e serviços públicos. Considerando que o processo de gestão do conhecimento compreende cinco etapas representadas por identificar, criar, armazenar, compartilhar e utilizar o conhecimento organizacional, o mapeamento inicial das práticas de GC já existentes na criminalística federal reveste-se de fundamental importância. Como se referem a práticas relativamente novas no contexto das organizações – notadamente nas públicas – diversos métodos de avaliação de implementação de práticas de GC foram identificados. Nesse contexto, uma vez que a perícia criminal federal apresenta-se como uma organização que pretende implementar práticas relacionadas à GC, não havendo, porém, até o momento, qualquer iniciativa institucionalizada nesse sentido, a escolha da metodologia recaiu sobre o modelo proposto pelo IPEA. Quanto à pesquisa, tendo em mente o problema e os objetivos propostos, optou-se por uma investigação descritiva, explicativa e aplicada, onde se buscou construir um amplo referencial teórico com descrição detalhada dos aspectos abordados no decorrer do estudo. Os trabalhos envolveram, ainda, pesquisa de campo, bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a criminalística federal encontra-se em fase de iniciação em gestão do conhecimento, situação em que começa a reconhecer a importância e a necessidade de gerenciar o conhecimento originado no contexto de suas atividades e que está inserido na organização por meio de seus integrantes. Verificou-se, ainda, no decorrer da pesquisa, ações pontuais dispersas na perícia criminal federal voltadas à sistematizar as informações e conhecimentos insertos na instituição.

Kooperation sowie Kommunikation und deren Organisation sind nicht Selbstzweck, sondern sollen die Leistung verbessern und Innovationen erzeugen. Ob sie das leisten, hängt weniger von den Technologien, d.h. den Mitteln ab, mittels derer sie abgewickelt werden sollen, sondern von den Inhalten und Arten der Kooperation selbst. Kooperation bei dafür ungeeigneten Aufgaben oder in ungeeigneter Weise wird auch durch innovative Vermittlungstechnologien nicht geeigneter.