Este trabalho traz reflexões sobre atividades educativas ao ar livre, desenvolvidas em parques, áreas verdes e assemelhados. Procurou-se, inicialmente, situar tais práticas frente ao debate associado à educação ambiental; em seguida, após breve histórico sobre a utilização de atividades de campo em educação formal, construiu-se, a partir de escolas públicas de municípios da região de Campinas - SP, um quadro atual de tais atividades. Com esse objetivo, foi aberta uma frente de obtenção de dados que incluiu consulta aos planos de gestão das escolas, aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas. O quadro obtido revela, quantitativamente, que aquela modalidade de trabalho pedagógico é pouco empregada e atinge apenas uma minoria de alunos. Destacam-se, entre as dificuldades explicitadas, as relacionadas com os custos envolvidos na organização das atividades e com o baixo poder aquisitivo dos alunos. Perseguir alternativas pragmáticas, como a disponibilização de locais próximos às escolas e que admitam o livre acesso, parece um desafio necessário, como também é a geração de instâncias coletivas capazes de articular a plena utilização de tais espaços. Entre os locais preferidos pelas escolas destacam-se os zoológicos, instituições que se caracterizam pela manutenção de animais em cativeiro. Tal preferência remete tanto à reflexão sobre o papel educativo desses locais quanto à possibilidade de melhor considerar a fauna em liberdade, em detrimento da cativa, enquanto uma opção às atividades educativas ao ar livre. A escolha de locais onde grupos conspícuos da fauna sejam mais perceptíveis seria muito conveniente para atividades direcionadas a crianças e jovens estudantes do ensino básico. Dessa forma, o conhecimento da dinâmica que envolve a utilização educativa de um ambiente úmido local, considerado por sua avifauna conspícua, foi outra dimensão conferida ao presente trabalho. Formada a partir da represa de Americana ou reservatório de Salto Grande, não obstante ser alvo de consenso sobre diferentes níveis de degradação ambiental, a avifauna que freqüenta o local fez com que fosse denominada \"Minipantanal de Paulínia\" - SP. Quanto às atividades educativas nele desenvolvidas, percebeu-se que apresentam limitações de diferentes ordens, tanto qualitativas quanto quantitativas. Procurou-se deixar uma contribuição concreta sobre o conhecimento desse ambiente e da sua dinâmica, especialmente sobre sua avifauna, pois, embora sendo o elemento positivo mais destacado pelos visitantes e educadores que atuam no local, o conhecimento demonstrado sobre ele foi muito restrito. Um levantamento de campo permitiu identificar a ocorrência de 144 espécies de aves, bem como detectar o potencial relativo de oportunidades de contatos com as mesmas. / This work brings reflexions about and development of educational activities in parks, green areas and similars. First of all, in it, the goal is to set educational practices activities outdoors towards the discussions associated to environmental education. Follow it, after a brief historical about the use of outdoors activities with formal education, it was created an updated program of these activities in public schools of cities from Campinas metropolitan area - SP. For it, it was opened a data comission, which included: consulting to management plans of the school, applying questionnaires and making interviews. The obtained program reveals that this kind of pedagogical work is less applied, reaching just a minority of students and occurring in a punctual way. Among the difficulties showed above, those related to expenses involved in the organization of activities and low (poor) financial conditions of the students are emphasized. Persuading pragmatic alternatives like close places available, that allows free access, seems like a necessary challenge, as it\'s the creation of instant groups able to articulate and get a better structure for using such spaces. Among the schools\' favorite places, there are zoos, institutions that take care of animals in bondages. Such preference refers to the possibility of considering better the fauna in freedom, in captive detriment, while an option to educational activities outdoors. To activities with children and teenagers fromelementary school, it would be then, convenient choosing places where visible groups from fauna can be more perceptive. This way, to know the dynamic which involves a local humid environment, which shelters the very visible birds and keeps educational activities, was another dimension conferred to this work. The referred humid area forms from the dam of Americana or Salto Grande\'s reservatory, whose consensus points it like environmentally damaged. Meantime, the presence of the birds gave them the title of mini rainforest of Paulinia - SP. Looking from the educational prism, it was tried to understand what is developed there, such as leaving a concrete contribution about the knowledge of this environment specially about the birds. Although it is the most emphasized positive element by the visitors, it is not well-known. So it was made, an area survey, that allowed to identify the occurrence of 144 species. About the educational activities, it was realized that they show limitations of different orders, as qualitative as quantitative.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Maria Busato.pdf: 3089702 bytes, checksum: e8318bf2790148279cc70d4d8bc94477 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This inquiry studies urban communication and its devices of attention. The objects of this investigation are the fashion images printed in banners, billboards, images in buildings and interiors of shopping centers. The current metropolises show off the fact that they have being organized around the production and the seduction for almost two hundred years. In them, it is possible to check that is built a practice of appearances beside the history of the persons and objects. Paradoxically, the metropolises practice ways of removal, at the same time that social movements produce forms of closeness. In that habitat, it was developed the sewing industry and next to it, a demanding and segmented public moved by the novelty. It is also in the same stage, played by beauty and consumption, that the advertisement image explores its appeal to an immediate one. So, contemporary cities so much produce fast-fashion products as much social types here called image-costumer. It is necessary to emphasize that to be delighted before images, depends on the personal capacity of the individual in managing the received data. In this context, different tendencies of reception are shown: some accept in the full text the pretentious images and others seize only the languages proposed by the media. The hypothesis of this inquiry proposes that fashion images fill out individual deficit through the reconfiguration of their symbolic elements. The first symbol of the individual it is the images that he stores in his memory. Since he was born, the individual is enclosed by stimuli, particularly visual stimuli. These symbols that support the individual nowadays they are also explored by advertisement market. In order to understand the dynamic of these events the following objectives are put: 1. to identify in what ways the observer appropriates the fashion images; 2. to investigate the communicative potential of fashion billboard. The connecting thread of this inquiry goes through the reflections of Dietmar Kamper who discusses the technical images; Harry Pross who treats the pragmatic results of the symbolic orders; Baudrillard and Milton Santos, they analyse the mediation of the objects in urban space; Walter Benjamin and George Simmel, they point out the reflexes of urban life on the individuals. There are two the axles of this inquiry, a vertical, which means, a bibliographical lifting and, the other one, horizontal reached through field work. At both, it is valued in which measure they bring near the images of surface of those primary ones filed by the individual in his memory. The images in fashion billboards are objects of specified glances and they contain in its structure an efficient device of attention: the face. In that context, the observer and the image are face to face but the binomial face-clothes, in the billboards, reveals a mechanism of variation. Because in making seeming, simulating, by the use of the garment becomes a way for going out from the boredom, the changing, when the potential is going up in value of transforming stimuli. The communicative strength of the binomial face-clothes rests in the capacity of the individual of turning elements of the memory into realizable objectives. Since, contemporary individual is enclosed of objects and feelings to build a visual identity / Esta pesquisa estuda a comunicação urbana e seus dispositivos de atenção. São o objeto desta investigação as imagens da moda estampadas em banners, outdoors, imagens em edifícios e interiores de shoppings. As metrópoles atuais herdam o fato de se organizarem em torno da produção e da sedução há quase duzentos anos. Nelas é possível verificar que ao lado da história dos corpos e dos objetos constrói-se uma prática das aparências. Paradoxais, elas promovem o distanciamento, mas também movimentações sociais que propiciam formas de vinculação. Nesse habitat se desenvolve a indústria da costura e junto dela um público exigente, segmentado e movido pela novidade. É também nesse palco, encenado pela beleza e o consumo, que a imagem publicitária explora seu caráter de apelo ao imediato. Assim, as cidades contemporâneas tanto geram produtos fast fashion quanto tipos sociais aqui denominados de consumidores-imagem . Deve-se ressaltar que extasiar-se diante de imagens depende da capacidade do indivíduo de administrar as informações recebidas. Neste contexto revelam-se tendências distintas de recepção, onde uns aceitam na integra as imagens exibidas e outros apenas se apropriam das linguagens propostas pela mídia. A hipótese desta pesquisa propõe que as imagens da moda preenchem o déficit do indivíduo por meio da reconfiguração de seus elementos simbólicos. O primeiro símbolo do indivíduo são as imagens que ele provisiona na memória. Esses símbolos que sustentam o homem hoje são potencializados pelo mercado publicitário. Para compreensão desses eventos colocam-se os seguintes objetivos: 1. Identificar de que forma o observador se apropria das imagens da moda; 2. Investigar o potencial comunicativo do outdoor de moda. Esta pesquisa percorre as reflexões de Dietmar Kamper que discute as imagens técnicas; Harry Pross que trata dos resultados pragmáticos das ordens simbólicas, Baudrillard e Milton Santos que analisam a mediação dos objetos no espaço urbano, Walter Benjamin e George Simmel que apontam os reflexos da vida urbana sobre os indivíduos; são dois os eixos desta pesquisa, um vertical mediante levantamento bibliográfico e outro horizontal alcançado por meio de pesquisa de campo. Em ambos avalia-se em que medida se aproximam as imagens de superfície daquelas primárias arquivadas pelo indivíduo na memória. As imagens nos outdoors de moda são objetos de olhares particularizados e contêm na sua estrutura imagética um dispositivo eficaz de atenção: o rosto. Nessa troca observador e imagem ficam frente a frente. O binômio rosto-roupa nos outdoors revelase um mecanismo de variação, pois o fazer parecer, o simular, pela vestimenta se mostra uma forma de sair do tédio, de mudar, valorizando-se o potencial do indivíduo de transformar estímulos. Sua força comunicativa repousa na capacidade do indivíduo de transformar elementos da memória em objetivos realizáveis. Desse modo, esta pesquisa conclui que o indivíduo contemporâneo cerca-se de objetos e sentidos para construir uma identidade visual personalizada

Bakgrund: Träning i naturliga miljöer har hälsofrämjande effekter och ökar välbefinnandet i jämförelse med träning som sker i inomhusmiljöer. Individer som utför träning i utomhusmiljöer visar sig ha högre hastighet, hjärtfrekvens och blodlaktatkoncentration, i jämförelse med individer som tränar inomhus vilket påverkar den fysiska prestationen.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka mätbara skillnader i fysisk prestation inomhus och utomhus genom ett maxpulstest.Metod: Studien genomfördes med en randomiserad kontrollerad cross- over design där åtta män och fem kvinnor (medelålder 26 ± 3.67), fysiskt aktiva, genomförde ett beeptest vid två tillfällen. Testet utfördes av samma person vid ett tillfälle inomhus och ett tillfälle utomhus. Analysen utgick från uppskattat VO2 max genom protokoll av beeptest, objektiv mätning och kontroll av puls direkt före tester och direkt efter genomförda tester.Resultat: Resultaten visade en signifikant skillnad i VO2 max (O2ml/kg/min) (p= 0.047), genom en högre fysisk prestation inomhus i jämförelse med utomhus (46.08 ± 8.76 och 44.73 ± 8.84). Puls (slag/min) efter genomförda tester visade ett högre medelvärde inomhus i jämförelse med utomhus (192.36 ± 10.13 och 190.45 ± 9.11), men ingen signifikant skillnad (p=0.11). Puls före tester visade ingen signifikant skillnad (p=0.898) mellan inomhusmiljön och utomhusmiljön (107.16 ± 18.78 och 107. 75 ± 18.49).Slutsats: Resultaten indikerar på att det är skillnader i fysisk prestation i olika miljöer. VO2 max var signifikant högre i inomhusmiljön i jämförelse med utomhusmiljön. Medel-maxpulsen tenderade ha ett högre medelvärde inomhus i jämförelse med utomhus. / Background: Exercise performed in natural environments produces health-promoting effects and increases well-being, in comparison with exercises performed in indoors-environments. Individuals who exercise outdoors has higher velocity, heartrate and blood lactate concentration compared to individuals who exercise indoors, which affects the physical performance.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate measurable differences in physical performance indoors and outdoors through a maximum heartrate test.Method: The study was conducted with a randomized controlled cross over design where five women and eight men, physical active, in the middle age of 26 ± 3.67 years, performed a shuttle run test at two times. The test was repeated by the same individual one time indoors and one time outdoors. The analysis was made by estimated VO2 max using a protocol from the performed shuttle run test, and controlled objective measurements of pulse levels, directly before the test started and directly after finished test.Results: Significant differences were found between indoors and outdoors, where VO2 max (O2ml/lbs/min) (p= 0.047) was higher indoors than outdoors (46.08 ± 8.76 and 44.73 ± 8.84). Pulse levels (beats/min) was higher indoors than outdoors (192.36 ± 10.13 and 190.45 ± 9.11) after finished test, but significant differences were not found (p=0.11). Significant differences were not found in pulse levels before the test (p=0.898), between the different environments (107.16 ± 18.78 and 107. 75 ± 18.49).Conclusion: The results in this study show that there are differences in physical performance between different environments. VO2 max was significantly higher in the indoor environment compared to the outdoor environment. The average maximum pulse tended to have a higher average indoors compared to outdoors.

There is little research on the young child's experience of the natural environment. Due to the increase in urbanisation, indoor recreation and indoor schooling many young children have become isolated from the natural environment. A love for nature and a sense of wonder in nature is being lost in the hurried childhood. This loss of access to nature impacts on the child's health and wellbeing, sense of connection and environmental literacy. This research study explores how Melbourne preschool children experience and use nature through the environments provided to them in the preschool program. The main environment is naturally the preschool play yard; however, as excursions also form part of the curriculum, the child's visit to the Royal Botanic Gardens and the Ian Potter Foundation Children's Garden forms part of this experience. Six case studies of Melburnian preschool children have been developed as a means to capture and communicate the interactions of individual children. Each of the six case studies present a child or pair of children 'in the moment,' as a snap shot of ecological learning and play behaviour and are presented as six stories, which allow the child's individual character and unique experience of nature to be expressed. Issues and behaviours evident in the children's interactions are then discussed through a framework of the seven ways of interacting in nature, which emerges from the demonstrations of these children. This information was collected using research techniques in observation; structured observations using time sampling and behaviour mapping; participating in conversations with children and collecting anecdotal observations and children's artwork. The case studies provide insight into childhood interactions with the natural environment and the levels of engagement experienced by children, with nature. The six stories, alongside topical literature, form the basis for deep discussion on the observed ways of interacting with nature.

<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of nature for the health and well-being of young adults. A qualitative method was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven people from the ages of 15-20. The interviews were transcribed with the results of the study revealing that nearly everyone felt calm and relaxed while they were in a natural environment. The most common motivation to be outdoors was socializing with friends, performing any kind of sport and/or taking walks. Reasons to stay indoors were rainy, cold weather, lack of time, and in some cases circumstances related to their surroundings, such as where they live. The findings suggest that a natural environment has positive effects for the health of adolescents. Measures should be taken to promote the outdoors, especially for people who live in countries where the weather makes it less enticing to be outside, for example Northern Europe. Further research is needed to investigate <em>what</em> measures should be taken, and a suggestion for future research is to give adolescents an opportunity to provide with ideas.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats har skrivits med syfte att ta reda på vilken betydelse naturen har för ungdomars hälsa, samt redogöra för vad som får ungdomar att spendera tid utomhus respektive stanna inomhus. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och empirisk data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva ungdomar mellan åldrarna 15-20 år. Intervjumaterialet transkriberades innan en innehållsanalys genomfördes. Studiens huvudresultat visade att vistelse i naturen gav ungdomar en känsla av avslappning och lugn och att naturen var en plats de trivs i. De vanligaste orsakerna till vistelse utomhus var umgänge med kompisar, utförande av någon typ av sport eller promenader. Anledningar till att stanna inomhus var regn och kyla, tidsbrist samt i vissa fall omständigheter på grund av omgivningen, såsom var boendet ligger i förhållande till naturen. Eftersom vistelse i naturen visade sig positivt för ungdomars hälsa bör åtgärder vidtas för att öka deras utomhusvistelse. Detta speciellt för ungdomar som bor i länder där vädret ofta gör det mindre lockande att gå ut, såsom i norra Europa. Vidare forskning behövs för att utreda vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas och ett förslag är att ge ungdomarna själva chansen att komma med idéer.</p>

<p>In this examination paper I’m using the qualitative method<em>: phenomenographic analysis</em> to present twenty educated and working pre-school teachers opinions about being outdoors in Swedish pre-school. The purpose is to describe the variation between different pre-school teachers’ opinions, not to focus on wrong or right.    The paper starts with a review over the opinions presented by the literature on the subject. After that I present the category system I’ve created based on the answers I’ve got from the interviews with the pre-school teachers. The category system have four main headlines: <em>Physical and psychological records of being outdoors</em>, <em>the</em> <em>outdoor environment</em>, <em>being outdoors </em>and<em> the outdoor environment in the Child’s perspective</em> and <em>being outdoors in the</em> <em>pedagogues perspective</em>.    In The ending chapter “Discussion/Analysis” I compare the literature with the pre-school teachers’ opinions and make the conclusions that good conditions for a qualitative time outdoors are: attending pedagogues manage to see possibilities in the outdoor environment, be conscious about what you are doing and why, never stress and have patience. Overall it doesn’t matter if you are indoors or outdoors you must always plan, have commitment and be full of happiness.</p> / <p>Genom den kvalitativa metoden fenomengrafisk analys redogör jag i det här examensarbetet för vad 20 utbildade förskollärare, som är verksamma på förskolor inom samma skolområde har för uppfattningar kring begreppet utevistelse. Syftet har varit att beskriva variationen i förskollärarnas uppfattningar, inte att visa på något som rätt eller fel.    Arbetet börjar med en genomgång av vad litteraturen har för olika uppfattningar kring utevistelsen på förskolan. Sedan har jag utifrån svaren jag fått av de intervjuade förskollärarna skapat ett kategorisystem med fyra rubriker som är genomgående genom hela arbetet. Dessa rubriker är: <em>Utevistelsens fysiska och psykiska förtjänster</em>, <em>utemiljön</em>, <em>utevistelsen och utemiljön i barnens perspektiv</em> och <em>pedagogen i utevistelsen</em>.    I det avslutande kapitlet ”Diskussion/analys” knyter jag an litteraturen till förskollärarnas svar i resultatet och drar slutsatser om vilka förutsättningarna för en bra utevistelse är. Främst krävs det närvarande pedagoger, pedagoger som kan se möjligheter i utemiljön, att vara medveten om varför man som pedagog agerar som man gör i olika situationer, att aldrig vara stressad och våga ha tålamod.  Övergripande kan jag se att det inte spelar någon roll om man är ute eller inne. Samma planering, engagemang och glädje ska alltid finnas som ledord hos pedagogerna.</p>

The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of nature for the health and well-being of young adults. A qualitative method was used and data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven people from the ages of 15-20. The interviews were transcribed with the results of the study revealing that nearly everyone felt calm and relaxed while they were in a natural environment. The most common motivation to be outdoors was socializing with friends, performing any kind of sport and/or taking walks. Reasons to stay indoors were rainy, cold weather, lack of time, and in some cases circumstances related to their surroundings, such as where they live. The findings suggest that a natural environment has positive effects for the health of adolescents. Measures should be taken to promote the outdoors, especially for people who live in countries where the weather makes it less enticing to be outside, for example Northern Europe. Further research is needed to investigate what measures should be taken, and a suggestion for future research is to give adolescents an opportunity to provide with ideas. / Denna uppsats har skrivits med syfte att ta reda på vilken betydelse naturen har för ungdomars hälsa, samt redogöra för vad som får ungdomar att spendera tid utomhus respektive stanna inomhus. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ karaktär och empirisk data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med elva ungdomar mellan åldrarna 15-20 år. Intervjumaterialet transkriberades innan en innehållsanalys genomfördes. Studiens huvudresultat visade att vistelse i naturen gav ungdomar en känsla av avslappning och lugn och att naturen var en plats de trivs i. De vanligaste orsakerna till vistelse utomhus var umgänge med kompisar, utförande av någon typ av sport eller promenader. Anledningar till att stanna inomhus var regn och kyla, tidsbrist samt i vissa fall omständigheter på grund av omgivningen, såsom var boendet ligger i förhållande till naturen. Eftersom vistelse i naturen visade sig positivt för ungdomars hälsa bör åtgärder vidtas för att öka deras utomhusvistelse. Detta speciellt för ungdomar som bor i länder där vädret ofta gör det mindre lockande att gå ut, såsom i norra Europa. Vidare forskning behövs för att utreda vilka åtgärder som bör vidtas och ett förslag är att ge ungdomarna själva chansen att komma med idéer.

In this examination paper I’m using the qualitative method: phenomenographic analysis to present twenty educated and working pre-school teachers opinions about being outdoors in Swedish pre-school. The purpose is to describe the variation between different pre-school teachers’ opinions, not to focus on wrong or right.    The paper starts with a review over the opinions presented by the literature on the subject. After that I present the category system I’ve created based on the answers I’ve got from the interviews with the pre-school teachers. The category system have four main headlines: Physical and psychological records of being outdoors, the outdoor environment, being outdoors and the outdoor environment in the Child’s perspective and being outdoors in the pedagogues perspective.    In The ending chapter “Discussion/Analysis” I compare the literature with the pre-school teachers’ opinions and make the conclusions that good conditions for a qualitative time outdoors are: attending pedagogues manage to see possibilities in the outdoor environment, be conscious about what you are doing and why, never stress and have patience. Overall it doesn’t matter if you are indoors or outdoors you must always plan, have commitment and be full of happiness. / Genom den kvalitativa metoden fenomengrafisk analys redogör jag i det här examensarbetet för vad 20 utbildade förskollärare, som är verksamma på förskolor inom samma skolområde har för uppfattningar kring begreppet utevistelse. Syftet har varit att beskriva variationen i förskollärarnas uppfattningar, inte att visa på något som rätt eller fel.    Arbetet börjar med en genomgång av vad litteraturen har för olika uppfattningar kring utevistelsen på förskolan. Sedan har jag utifrån svaren jag fått av de intervjuade förskollärarna skapat ett kategorisystem med fyra rubriker som är genomgående genom hela arbetet. Dessa rubriker är: Utevistelsens fysiska och psykiska förtjänster, utemiljön, utevistelsen och utemiljön i barnens perspektiv och pedagogen i utevistelsen.    I det avslutande kapitlet ”Diskussion/analys” knyter jag an litteraturen till förskollärarnas svar i resultatet och drar slutsatser om vilka förutsättningarna för en bra utevistelse är. Främst krävs det närvarande pedagoger, pedagoger som kan se möjligheter i utemiljön, att vara medveten om varför man som pedagog agerar som man gör i olika situationer, att aldrig vara stressad och våga ha tålamod.  Övergripande kan jag se att det inte spelar någon roll om man är ute eller inne. Samma planering, engagemang och glädje ska alltid finnas som ledord hos pedagogerna.

Min undersökning utgår från en händelser där mina personliga intressen är starka men där ett barn vill något annat. Min utgångspunkt är en egen upplevd berättelse om en pojke som inte vill gå till skogen eftersom han inte upplevde skogen som en bra lekplats. Naturen är för många pedagoger förknippat med minnen från barndomen och dess traditioner om den goda utemiljön. Även jag upplever skogen som den mest perfekta inlärningsmiljö som förskolan har att erbjuda. Det gör att jag har valt att reflektera om varför barnets vägran väcker sådana tankar hos mig. Genom min undersökning önskar jag att förstå begreppet utemiljö och hur olika den kan upplevas. Jag som pedagog har mött barn med andra värderingar och erfarenheter vad lekmiljöer utomhus är. Genom att granska lekens villkor och regler försöker jag utveckla begrepp som social kompetensutveckling innebär och förstå hur olika barn gör för att lära sig det. I lekarna använder barn olika strategier för att bemästra sin vardag, vilket jag i berättelsen utforskar utifrån ett barns perspektiv. Genom att ställa mig frågande till föreställningen om det kompetenta barnet som ska ha inflytande i sin vardag på förskolan. Försöker jag undersöka vad står egentligen inflytande för. Jag undersöker hur jag i min roll som pedagog kan använda barn tankar och åsikter när jag planerar aktiviteter på förskolan. I arbetet använder jag mig av mina erfarenheter och vill genom min undersökning ta reda på hur forskare lyfter begreppet inflytande ur ett barnperspektiv Jag anstränger mig för att förstå ur ett barns perspektiv för att utveckla synsättet om det kompetenta barnet. Jag kommer även att reflektera kritiskt över hur jag som pedagog vågar lita på barns kompetens och vilja till samarbete. Genom att lyfta begreppet inflytande vill jag synliggöra och problematisera det från ett barns tankevärld som ofta ställs gentemot barngruppens behov. Jag reflekterar över hur pedagoger samtalar med barn och om barns möjligheter att påverka sin vardag på förskolan.

Syftet med studien är att ta reda på i vilken utsträckning lärare använder sig av utomhusundervisning och vilka ämnen som är vanligast att lärare planerar och genomför med hjälp av utemiljö. Dessutom avser studien att undersöka om de anser att det finns eventuella hinder eller fördelar med att undervisa utomhus och vad dessa skulle kunna utgöras av. För att visa vilka hinder och fördelar som finns med arbetsmetoden har litteratur och tidigare forskning inom området granskats. Undersökningen är utförd med hjälp av enkäter samt tillhörande intervjuer för att få ett mer djup på svaren som respondenterna har avgett i enkäterna. Matematik var det ämne som lärarna i undersökningen använde sig av mest i sin undervisning utomhus. Det hinder som de flesta lärare ansåg fanns var personalbrist, medan det bland fördelarna ansågs vara att eleverna får bättre hälsa av att få undervisning utomhus. Samtidigt lyfts det fram att en undervisning utomhus bör kompletteras med undervisningen inomhus för att kunna tillgodose alla elevernas olika lärstilar. / The purpose of the study is to find out to what extent teachers use outdoor education and what subjects are most common for teachers to plan and implement with the help of outdoor environments. In addition, the study intends to investigate if they consider that there are any obstacles or benefits of teaching outdoors and what these could be. To show the obstacles and benefits of the working method, literature and previous research in the field have been examined. The survey was conducted by means of questionnaires and related interviews in order to gain a deeper understanding of the answers the respondents have given in the questionnaires. Interesting was to see that mathematics is the subject that the teachers in the survey use most of their teaching outdoors. The obstacle most teachers felt was the lack of staff, while it was among the benefits that students were better offspring of teaching outdoors. At the same time it is argued that outdoor teaching should be supplemented with the teaching in-house to accommodate all the students' different learning styles.