The work deals with individual sources of positive relationship to other people in the frame of mainly psychological, but also ethical and philosophical data. It is composed of five thematic chapters. The first four thematic chapters include knowledge about sense of human being, positive relationship of a person to his/her own life, relationship of a person to himself/herself, relationship of a person to other people; if the man loves himself, he is satisfied with himself and impresses friendly and harmonically on his surroundings too. He is social, friendly and he gets on well with the others. Next to it compromises thinking about friendship as a positive attitude to other person, which makes joy, sense of fellowship and protects human life from falls into darkness and suffering; relationship of a person to some other person raises hopes and backing in insecure human life. In the fifth part there is a main cogitation from {\clq}qroots{\crq}q of relationship of a person to other people and aims at beneficial findings in the frame of personal views and positions.

A aquisição por companhias abertas de ações de sua própria emissão no Brasil constitui o núcleo de estudo desta dissertação. Também referida como recompra de ações, trata-se de operação comumente realizada por sociedades anônimas, principalmente por companhias abertas, tendo em vista os possíveis benefícios na organização da estrutura de capital da companhia, conciliados com a variedade de motivações para sua utilização. O trabalho aborda, inicialmente, o tratamento legal conferido às operações realizadas por companhias abertas e fechadas, em especial pela Lei no 6.404, de 15 de dezembro de 1976. Além da definição das operações e sua evolução legislativa, são analisadas as principais causas que levam uma sociedade anônima a adquirir ações de sua própria emissão, assim como os negócios jurídicos passíveis de realização para que uma aquisição se concretize, além do aproveitamento a ser conferido pela companhia para as ações recompradas quando estas não forem canceladas, poderão ser mantidas em tesouraria na qualidade de bens de titularidade da companhia. O estudo também dedica-se à análise específica da aquisição de ações de emissão própria por companhias abertas, sob o foco do regramento expedido pela Comissão de Valores Mobiliários CVM. Além dos atos normativos emanados pela autarquia, a análise enfatiza os principais interesses a serem tutelados nas operações, assim como aborda precedentes da CVM sobre o tema. / The purchase, by publicly-held companies, of its own shares in Brazil constitutes the core area of study of this dissertation. Also referred to as stock repurchase, it consists in a transaction commonly performed by corporations, mainly the publicly traded, seeking out the benefits to the organization of the companys capital structure, combined with the variety of motivations for its use. This work initially discusses the legal treatment for stock repurchases performed by publicly-held and closely held companies, in particular by Law 6404, of December 15th, 1976. In addition to the definition of the transaction, and its legal developments, this study analyzes the main causes for a corporation to buy its own shares, as well as the legal act of the acquisition per se, and the use of the repurchased shares whenever they are not canceled, such shares will be held in treasury as assets owned by the company. The study also presents the repurchase made by publicly-held companies in view of the rules issued by the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários CVM (the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission). Apart from examining CVMs regulation, the study refers to a broad variety of cases decided by CVM on the subject, and investigates the main interests involved on the transactions.

A resposta do governo frente ao déficit habitacional possibilita novo cenário que encontra apoio da população beneficiada, entretanto os desdobramentos de uma política habitacional pautada em um modelo hegemônico, com produção em massa e periférico, incutem prejuízos à produção das cidades. A hipótese é de que a política habitacional, fundida à política de emprego e ao incentivo da produção em massa que norteiam o programa, se impõe desarticulada da política urbana e em especial da política urbana municipal presente (ou não) nos Planos Diretores Municipais, acarretando prejuízos à população e às cidades. Em função da problemática apresentada refaz-se o percurso histórico da política pública habitacional brasileira, quando surgem lacunas na produção habitacional que estabelecem a prática da autoconstrução, autofinanciamento e favelização, soluções adotadas pela população para reparar estas lacunas, e quando também adota-se a prática clientelista dos governos. A política habitacional centrada no período do governo FHC, momento em que ocorre alguma diversificação na oferta de programas habitacionais e urbanos, se consolida a partir da criação do Ministério das Cidades, criado no governo Lula que prossegue na condução da política habitacional a uma política de mercado, experimenta um período de predomínio do arrendamento residencial através de um incipiente ao mesmo tempo promissor Programa de Arrendamento Residencial até culminar no Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. O ideário da casa própria volta com força no cenário da política habitacional e com ele toda a sorte de problemas, muitos já conhecidos, de uma política habitacional a cargo do setor privado no comando das decisões inclusive afetas ao urbanismo, com riscos de intensificar a segregação sócio-espacial e produzir cidades, ao menos parte delas, com deficiências em infraestrutura urbana, incluindo equipamentos sociais, institucionais e serviços desde os básicos até os considerados como itens de qualidade de vida, presentes no material de publicidade dos bairros planejados. A recuperação do histórico da política habitacional, para além do registro de caracterização dos programas e ações fortemente balizados pela política econômica, pretende situar a questão da economia em paralelo e intrínseca à produção habitacional. O Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida promete avanços numéricos e retrocessos presentes em uma política habitacional de produção em grande escala e periférica em que se resume grande parte da produção habitacional no âmbito do programa, como o verificado no estudo de caso do Conjunto Habitacional Vereador Eduardo Andrade Reis que caracteriza o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Marília/SP. / The Brazilian government\'s answer to face the housing deficit enables a new scenario, which is supported by the beneficiary population; however, the consequences of a housing policy guided by a hegemonic mode, with mass and peripheral production, bring losses to the cities production. The hypothesis is that the housing policy, melted with the employment policy and the incentive to mass production guiding the social program, is imposed independently of the urban policy, especially of the current municipal urban policy present (or not) in the Municipal Master Plans, causing losses to the cities. The Brazilian housing public policy, historically unable to deal with the housing production shortage, has enabled not only the practice of self-construction, self-financing and the emergence of slums, which are solutions found by the population to fill the housing gap, but also clientelist practices by the governments. The housing policy during the government of the President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, when there was some diversification in the urban and housing programs offered, consolidated from the creation of the Cities Ministry during the government of the President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, which went on conducting the housing policy to a market policy. Then, there was a period with predominance of residential lease through the Programa de Arrendamento Residencial, which was incipient, but promising at the same time, culminating in the Minha Casa Minha Vida housing program. The idea of owning a home came back strongly to the housing policy scenario bringing along all sorts of issues, many of them well known, of a housing policy under the responsibility of the private sector, which commands even the decisions related to urbanism, at risk of intensifying social-spatial segregation and producing cities with deficiencies in urban infrastructure, including the social, institutional and services equipment. Recovering the housing policy history beyond the characterization records of the programs and actions strongly supported by the economic policy will enable us to position the issue of the economy intrinsically and in parallel to the housing production. The Minha Casa Minha Vida housing program promises numerical advances and setbacks present in a housing policy of large-scale and peripheral production as its major characteristics. This is what this case study shows about the housing complex Vereador Eduardo Andrade Reis, which characterizes the Minha Casa Minha Vida housing program in Marília-SP.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone S Viapiana.pdf: 493408 bytes, checksum: 4b647b3fa65e7300ee79836c5e2c0908 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to analyze the adoption of the strategy of own brands or store brands - in the dairy industry in Paraná, Brazil. Despite the fact that this strategy has been increasingly adopted by this sector, we have found out that there is a lack of studies addressing this issue from the manufacturer s perspective. The choice of the region was based on the observation of significantly increased production and processing of milk in the state of Paraná. To fulfill the objectives proposed in this study, we have chosen an exploratorydescriptive research. The methodology was based on a field research, through interviews with eight dairy companies that produced own brands. . Idleness is a feature present in all of the respondents with the exception of one of them, ranging from 20% to 50%. All respondents mentioned that the partnership was very important to fill their idle capacity, and that this aspect had been fundamental in their decision of producing own brands. Own brand represents up to 30% of the companies production, but when asked about a possible increase in this share, only one of them was ready to join new partnerships without higher level of preconditions. The remaining respondents have demonstrated restrictions especially in relation to the size of the partner. In fact, 50% had complaints against larger retail companies, although in general these partnerships were seen as positive and interesting, especially to reduce idleness as a mean to dilute fixed costs. Economy of scale, rather than economy of scope, is perceived as the major incentive for the adoption of this strategy. While some manufacturers benefit from the specialization and training required for the innovation and incorporation of technologies and products associated to the production of own brands, others adopt the strategy exclusively to reduce idle capacity. Only afterwards, they find out that larger efforts are needed to meet the strategy, and generate additional income and profitability. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de analisar a adoção das estratégias de marcas próprias nos laticínios paranaenses. A produção de marcas próprias é uma estratégia cada vez mais adotada pelo varejo, porém, verifica-se que poucos estudos têm sido realizados sob a ótica dos fabricantes. A região analisada foi o estado do Paraná em razão do aumento expressivo da produção e beneficiamento de leite no estado. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa pretendeu investigar a existência da parceria entre varejistas e laticínios para a produção de marcas próprias no Estado do Paraná e, caso estas existissem, compreender as razões que justificariam a sua existência. Para o cumprimento dos objetivos propostos neste estudo, optou-se por uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva. Realizou-se um recorte nos laticínios em que se observou a produção de marcas próprias para o estudo de casos, sendo desenvolvidos oito casos. Dentre os principais resultados, observou-se que a ociosidade é uma característica presente na maioria dos entrevistados com exceção de um deles, e o nível de ociosidade varia entre 20% a 50%. Todos os entrevistados citaram de alguma forma que a parceria para a produção de marcas próprias foi muito importante para ocupar a capacidade ociosa, e que este fator teve grande peso na decisão de fabricá-las. As empresas destinam até 30% de sua produção para as marcas próprias, porém quando questionados sobre um possível aumento neste valor, apenas um dos laticínios mostrou-se disposto a aderir a novas parcerias sem prontamente impor condições. Os demais entrevistados apresentaram restrições principalmente em relação ao porte do parceiro, com 50% dos entrevistados apresentando ressalvas quanto às grandes redes. Portanto, considera-se a parceria como positiva e interessante, pois caso a parceria não ocorresse, a capacidade ociosa dentro das fábricas seria maior, e não haveria como diluir gastos fixos. Observa-se que o fato de os fabricantes se imporem contra grandes redes e também contra alterações em seus processos produtivos reforça a menor incidência de economias de escopo e a predominância de economias de escala. Enquanto alguns fabricantes se especializam e se capacitam para atender esta estratégia de marca própria, buscando e se beneficiando de processos de inovação e incorporação de tecnologias e produtos, outros associam a marca própria exclusivamente à ocupação de capacidade ociosa, e descobrem por fim que muito mais é necessário para atender a estratégia, crescer e obter rentabilidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Henrique Specie.pdf: 725903 bytes, checksum: b8ff3bd0f9a1eeb778391b9b96a66b7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-02 / The 1988 Constitution elevated the Municipality to the status of federated entity, giving it political, administrative and financial autonomy. The present study deals with the autonomy of the Municipality and their own System of Social Security, and its consolidation with the Charter of 1988. The subjective right of municipal public server in the face of possible non-existence of a own System of Social Security in which can link pension changes addressing the relevant public servers, highlighting the changes provided for in the Constitutional Amendment n. 20/1998 and on the Constitutional Amendment n. 41/2003. Fixing the roof of remuneration of the General System of Social Security for retirements and pensions granted to public servants, conditioned the establishment of private pension funds. / A Constituição de 1988 elevou o Município à condição de ente federado, atribuindo-lhe autonomia política, administrativa e financeira. O presente estudo trata da autonomia do Município e sua relação com os Regimes Próprios de Previdência Social RPPS, e sua consolidação com a Carta de 1988. O direito subjetivo do servidor público municipal face à eventual não existência de um RPPS no qual possa vincular-se. Abordando as relevantes alterações na previdência dos servidores públicos, destacando-se as mudanças previstas na Emenda à Constituição n. 20, de 1998, e na Emenda à Constituição n. 41, de 2003. A fixação do mesmo teto de remuneração do Regime Geral de Previdência Social RGPS para as aposentadorias e pensões concedidas aos servidores públicos, condicionado a instituição dos fundos de previdência complementar.

Au cours des dernières décennies, les fournisseurs de services (SP) ont eu à gérer plusieurs générations de technologies redéfinissant les réseaux et nécessitant de nouveaux modèles économiques. Cette évolution continue du réseau offre au SP l'opportunité d'innover en matière de nouveaux services tout en réduisant les coûts et en limitant sa dépendance auprès des équipementiers. L'émergence récente du paradigme de la virtualisation modifie profondément les méthodes de gestion des services réseau. Ces derniers évoluent vers l'intégration d'une capacité « à la demande » dont la particularité consiste à permettre aux clients du SP de pouvoir les déployer et les gérer de manière autonome et optimale. Pour offrir une telle souplesse de fonctionnement, le SP doit pouvoir s'appuyer sur une plateforme de gestion permettant un contrôle dynamique et programmable du réseau. Nous montrons dans cette thèse qu'une telle plate-forme peut être fournie grâce à la technologie SDN (Software-Defined Networking). Nous proposons dans un premier temps une caractérisation de la classe de services réseau à la demande. Les contraintes de gestion les plus faibles que ces services doivent satisfaire sont identifiées et intégrées à un modèle abstrait de leur cycle de vie. Celui-ci détermine deux vues faiblement couplées, l'une spécifique au client et l'autre au SP. Ce cycle de vie est complété par un modèle de données qui en précise chacune des étapes. L'architecture SDN ne prend pas en charge toutes les étapes du cycle de vie précédent. Nous introduisons un Framework original qui encapsule le contrôleur SDN, et permet la gestion de toutes les étapes du cycle de vie. Ce Framework est organisé autour d'un orchestrateur de services et d'un orchestrateur de ressources communiquant via une interface interne. L'exemple du VPN MPLS sert de fil conducteur pour illustrer notre approche. Un PoC basé sur le contrôleur OpenDaylight ciblant les parties principales du Framework est proposé.Nous proposons de valoriser notre Framework en introduisant un modèle original de contrôle appelé BYOC (Bring Your Own Control) qui formalise, selon différentes modalités, la capacité d'externaliser un service à la demande par la délégation d'une partie de son contrôle à un tiers externe. Un service externalisé à la demande est structurée en une partie client et une partie SP. Cette dernière expose à la partie client des API qui permettent de demander l'exécution des actions induites par les différentes étapes du cycle de vie. Nous illustrons notre approche par l'ouverture d'une API BYOC sécurisée basée sur XMPP. La nature asynchrone de ce protocole ainsi que ses fonctions de sécurité natives facilitent l'externalisation du contrôle dans un environnement SDN multi-tenant. Nous illustrons la faisabilité de notre approche par l¿exemple du service IPS (système de prévention d'intrusion) décliné en BYOC. / Over the past decades, Service Providers (SPs) have been crossed through several generations of technologies redefining networks and requiring new business models. The ongoing network transformation brings the opportunity for service innovation while reducing costs and mitigating the locking of suppliers. Digitalization and recent virtualization are changing the service management methods, traditional network services are shifting towards new on-demand network services. These ones allow customers to deploy and manage their services independently and optimally through a well-defined interface opened to the SP¿s platform. To offer this freedom to its customers, the SP must be able to rely on a dynamic and programmable network control platform. We argue in this thesis that this platform can be provided by Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technology.We first characterize the perimeter of this class of new services. We identify the weakest management constraints that such services should meet and we integrate them in an abstract model structuring their lifecycle. This one involves two loosely coupled views, one specific to the customer and the other one to the SP. This double-sided service lifecycle is finally refined with a data model completing each of its steps.The SDN architecture does not support all stages of the previous lifecycle. We extend it through an original Framework allowing the management of all the steps identified in the lifecycle. This Framework is organized around a service orchestrator and a resource orchestrator communicating via an internal interface. Its implementation requires an encapsulation of the SDN controller. The example of the MPLS VPN serves as a guideline to illustrate our approach. A PoC based on the OpenDaylight controller targeting the main parts of the Framework is proposed. We propose to value our Framework by introducing a new and original control model called BYOC (Bring Your Own Control) which formalizes, according to various modalities, the capability of outsourcing an on-demand service by the delegation of part of its control to an external third party. An outsourced on-demand service is divided into a customer part and an SP one. The latter exposes to the former APIs which allow requesting the execution of the actions involved in the different steps of the lifecycle. We present an XMPP-based Northbound Interface (NBI) allowing opening up a secured BYOC-enabled API. The asynchronous nature of this protocol together with its integrated security functions, eases the outsourcing of control into a multi-tenant SDN framework. We illustrate the feasibility of our approach through a BYOC-based Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) service example.

(Abstract) The diploma thesis deals with the reflection of the right to know one's own origin in the Czech legal order. Knowledge of one's own origin and the right to know one's own origin constitute not only a legal but also a moral and ethical question. The right to know one's own origin (i.e. the right to know one's parents, one's biological family and one's ancestors) is one of the subjective human rights, which belongs to every natural person. This right is more or less reflected in majority of institutes of family law. The thesis analyses the most important of them and indicates how the right to know one's own origin is reflected in these institutes or it is not, although it should be. The work seeks to highlight possible shortcomings of the legislation and tries to propose possible solutions de lege ferenda. There are also stated (for the purposes of comparison) some examples of foreign legislation in cases of some legal institutes. The diploma thesis is based on the legislation effective on the 26th March 2016. It is composed of an introduction, five chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter deals with the right to know one's own origin and its legal regulation in the Czech Republic. It mainly discusses the international conventions that are (in compliance with the Art. 10 of the...

This essay explores the early experiences of Bangladeshi blue-collar service workers in digitalising their livelihoods. It is a qualitative study that surveys and interviews service-providers in Dhaka who use the business aggregator platform Sheba.xyz, an online service marketplace, and seeks to understand what brought these self-employed micro-entrepreneurs, previously outside the digital economy, to adopt an ICT-enabled solution. The study is guided by Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory, one of the historically dominant paradigms in the field of communication for development (C4D). The overarching research question is, “Why did blue-collar service-providers in Dhaka adopt and use a digital business aggregator platform?” The aim is to explore what motivated/discouraged and enabled/hindered innovation adoption among a group of users previously marginalised from digital and financial inclusion. The findings suggest that adoption of Sheba.xyz among service-providers was not driven so much by a desire to digitalise one’s business per se, and as a means of mitigating a previous inability to do so. Rather, the factors that emerge from the qualitative data are other perceived relative advantages of the solution – of increase in customers, income, and opportunity. Survey respondents and interviewees also displayed strong affiliation with, and trust in, the platform provider; an alertness for fair treatment; and a drive to prosper, suggesting that they embraced a comprehensive concept and altered life situation where belonging, respect, and self-fulfilment matters, rather than narrowly adopted a new mobile application.

El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la relación entre la imagen de marca y el precio percibido con la intención de compra de marcas propias de moda femenina en el punto de venta en tiendas por departamento en jóvenes de 18 a 25 años de NSE B y C+ de Lima Metropolitana. Se realizaron 250 encuestas online al target y la información fue procesada utilizando la técnica estadística del Chi-cuadrado y coeficiente de correlación de Tau. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que la imagen de marca y el precio percibido tienen una relación positiva con la intención de compra de marcas propias en el punto de venta. El precio es considerado un factor relevante pero no es la única variable tomada en cuenta al momento de realizar la compra en el punto de venta. Es importante decir que hay una mayor valoración por las consumidoras hacia las marcas que ofrezcan una buena relación calidad-precio en sus prendas ya que, según el estudio, las consumidoras son mucho más conscientes de las prendas que compran y buscan durabilidad y calidad en la ropa sin tener que pagar un monto exagerado por ellas. El análisis de la imagen de marca se realizó bajo las dimensiones de representación del estilo, calidad de la prenda, conocimiento de marca e identificación con la marca. Todas las variables mencionadas están relacionadas con la intención de compra de ropa de marcas propias entre las consumidoras de 18 a 25 años. / This research work analyzes the relationship between brand image and price with the intention of buying white brands of women's fashion in department stores between young people from 18 to 25 years of age of NSE B and C + of Metropolitan Lima. 250 online surveys to the target were analyzed and the information was processed using the Chi-square statistical technique and the Tau correlation coefficient. The results of the study that have the brand image and the perceived price have a positive relationship with the intention of buying own brands at the point of sale. The price is considered a relevant factor but it is not the only variable taken into account when making the purchase at the point of sale. It is important to say that there is a higher valuation by consumers towards brands that offer good value for money in their garments since, according to the study, consumers are much more than the garments they buy and seek durability and quality in clothing. without having to pay an exaggerated amount for them. The analysis of the brand image was carried out under the dimensions of style representation, garment quality, brand awareness and brand identification. All the specific variables taken together are significant predictors of interest in buying own-brand clothing among consumers ages 18 to 25. / Trabajo de investigación

From the point of view of literary qualities, Prophetic Traditions stand out among Arabic literature. This study aims at selecting some unique words the Prophet used, and search for their presence or absence in the Arabic Although several sources were used, the reliance for the choice of words is mainly on An-Nihayah fi gharib al-Athar of Ibn al-Athir; and for comparison, several published works. literature. The objective is to find out how the Prophetic words affected the literature. An analysis is attempted to arrive at the meaning of these words as used in Hadith literature, literatures preceding or following it, and compare to find whether they have been used at all, and, if used, in the same meaning or not, or whether they are used in a unique sense. Thus, this study brings to light differences between Prophetic literature, and literatures other than it. / Arabic and Islamic Studies / M.A. (Islamic Studies)