Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PaulinieAQF_DISSERT.pdf: 1577190 bytes, checksum: 2ee8830ed20d4b44b8e079fbf2fdf31c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The pulps are products that add economic value enjoy the fruits of the surplus productions of the same. Have good market acceptance because of its practicality and diversity of flavors available year round. In order to assess the quality of the fruit pulp through the physical and chemical parameters and the characteristics of manufacturing industry, we analyzed 36 samples of frozen fruit pulp of three brands marketed in RIO Grande do Norte, 14 brand A, 12 of 10 brand B and brand C, which corresponded to 14 different flavors, of which 10 have identity Standards and Quality (ISQ S) established by the Minist?rio da Agricultura, Pecu?ria e Abastecimento (MAPA), totaling 27 samples with ISQ s. We conducted the following physicalchemical analyzes on samples of fruit pulp: Total solids, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, total sugars and the determination of ascorbic acid. The percentage of failure for each parameter evaluated was 37, 04% in total soluble solids, 22,22% for total solids and titratable acidity, 7,40% in relation to pH. The total sugars were within the requirements demanded by the MAPA and ascorbic acid content, determined only in the pulp of acerola and cashew, presented a non compliance in the pulp of brand B. The percentage of failures of the pulps with ISQ S was 59% with brand A, B and C accounted for 3,70%, 33,33% and 22,22% respectively. The pulps which have no established atandards such as pineapple pulp, showed similar values between brands and literature data unlike the pulp of plum, jackfruit and tamarind which diverged greatly in parameters such as total solids and total soluble solids. The study demonstrates the need for greater quality control by the producers with respect to raw materials, processing, packing, stored and the importance of ISQ S to establish the flavors have not yet covered by existing legislation, but already highly commercialized / As polpas de frutas s?o produtos que agregam valor econ?mico as frutas e aproveitam o excedente da produ??o das mesmas. Apresentam boa aceita??o mercadol?gica em virtude de sua praticidade e pela diversidade de sabores dispon?veis o ano inteiro. Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade das polpas de frutas atrav?s dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos e o perfil dessas ind?strias produtoras, foram analisadas 36 amostras de polpas de frutas congeladas de tr?s marcas comercializadas no Rio Grande do Norte, sendo 14 da marca A, 12 da marca B e 10 da marca C, que correspondeu a 14 sabores diferentes, dos quais, 10 apresentam Padr?es de Identidade e Qualidade (PIQ S) estabelecidos pelo Minist?rio da Agricultura, Pecu?ria e Abastecimento (MAPA), totalizando 27 amostras com PIQ S. Realizaram-se as seguintes an?lises f?sico-qu?micas nas amostras de polpas de frutas: S?lidos totais, s?lidos sol?veis totais, pH, acidez titul?vel, a??cares totais e a determina??o do ?cido asc?rbico. O percentual de reprova??o para cada par?metro avaliado foi de 37,04% nos s?lidos sol?veis totais, 22,22% para s?lidos totais e acidez titul?vel, 7,40% em rela??o ao pH. Os a??cares totais se encontraram dentro dos requisitos exigidos pelo MAPA e o teor de ?cido asc?rbico, determinado apenas nas polpas de acerola e caju, apresentou uma n?o conformidade na polpa de acerola da marca B. O percentual de reprova??es das polpas com PIQ s foi de 59% sendo as marcas A, B e C respons?veis por 3,70%, 33,33% e 22,22% respectivamente. As polpas que n?o disp?em de padr?es estabelecidos como a polpa de abacaxi, apresentaram valores similares entre as marcas e dados da literatura, ao contr?rio das polpas de ameixa, jaca e tamarindo que divergiram bastante em par?metros como s?lidos totais e s?lidos sol?veis totais. O estudo demonstra a necessidade de um maior controle de qualidade por parte dos produtores com rela??o ? mat?ria-prima, seu processamento, acondicionamento, armazenamento e a import?ncia de se estabelecer os PIQ s para sabores ainda n?o contemplados pela legisla??o vigente, mas j? bastante comercializados

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-23T10:52:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Luziane Montezoli Damon Mendes.pdf: 10632014 bytes, checksum: c93d6f0447b91ec5177b962e2f091bd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-23T10:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Luziane Montezoli Damon Mendes.pdf: 10632014 bytes, checksum: c93d6f0447b91ec5177b962e2f091bd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Species of the genus Uca Leach 1814, have wide distribution in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the world, especially as a species excavators substrate, activity is important the processes of energy transfer and nutrient cycling, and is considered a keystone species in the ecosystem. This study was conducted with the aim of investigate the ecology distribution, population biology and somatic growth and natural mortality of the genus Uca in Itacuru??/Coroa Grande mangrove, Sepetiba Bay- RJ. Sampling was conducted in the right bank of the Draga river and Itingussu river during May/2010 to April/2011. The samplings were made monthly by two collectors during 10 minutes in low tide, digging sediment and removing crabs. Sediment samples were collected in 72 subareas of 5x5m, to determine the granulometry, organic matter, calcium, phosphor and metal zinco e manganese. They were studied seven species of the genus Uca: Uca cumulanta, Uca leptodactylus, Uca rapax, Uca thayeri, Uca uruguayensis, Uca mordax and Uca vocator. Uca cumulanta was the more abundant species and Uca vocator the rarer.The results indicated that distribution of the species was influenced by abiotic factors, being the main limiting factors: salinity, sediment grain size, organic matter, concentrations of phosphor and metals, zinc and manganese. Only air temperature presented correlatin with the abundance of the ovigerous females. During the study period was collected a total of 4234 crabs, with 2570 males and 1664 females (61 ovigerous females). The results of the mean size revealed the occurrence of significant differences between the sexes, with a predominance of larger males, for the most populations. Only the females of U. cumulanta presented larger mean size compared to males, and U. thayeri no difference between the sexes. The results of the growth dynamics revealed that a longevity for the study populations ranged from 3.27 to 4.22 years. U. thayeri was the species with the lowest difference in relation to longevity between the sexes, with 3.43 years for males and 3.53 years for females, and U. leptodactylus showed higher amplitude, with 3.43 years for males and 4 07 years for females. The coefficients of natural mortality showed no marked inter and intraspecific differences according to species and sexes, although the values of natural mortality have been higher on males than females / As esp?cies do g?nero Uca possuem ampla distribui??o nas regi?es tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas do mundo, destacando-se como esp?cies escavadoras do substrato, atividade importante para os processos de transfer?ncia de energia e ciclagem de nutrientes e ? considerada uma esp?cie-chave do ecossistema. Este trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de analisar a biologia populacional, distribui??o ecol?gica, crescimento som?tico e mortalidade natural das esp?cies do g?nero Uca no manguezal de Itacuru?a/Coroa Grande, Ba?a de Sepetiba ? RJ. A amostragem foi realizada ? margem direita do rio da Draga e do Rio Itingussu, em tr?s grades (0, 100 e 200 m), durante o per?odo de maio/2010 a abril/2011, mensalmente, durante a mar? baixa, por 10 minutos, atrav?s de coletas manuais escavando o sedimento e removendo os caranguejos. Amostras do sedimento foram coletadas nas 72 sub?reas de 5x5m, para determinar o tamanho das part?culas, mat?ria org?nica, teor de c?lcio, f?sforo e os metais, ferro, zinco e mangan?s. Foram capturadas sete esp?cies do g?nero Uca: Uca cumulanta, Uca leptodactylus, Uca rapax, Uca thayeri, Uca uruguayensis, Uca mordax e Uca vocator. A esp?cie mais abundante foi U. leptodactylus e U. vocator a mais rara.. As principais vari?veis limitantes da abund?ncia das esp?cies do g?nero Uca no manguezal de Itacuru??/Coroa Grande, foram a salinidade, tamanho dos gr?os do sedimento, teor de mat?ria org?nica, concentra??o de f?sforo e dos metais ferro, zinco e mangan?s. Para as f?meas ov?geras a vari?vel temperatura do ar foi a ?nica, que apresentou correla??o com a abund?ncia desses organismos. Durante o per?odo de estudo foi analisado um total de 4234 caranguejos, sendo 2570 machos e 1664 f?meas (61 f?meas ov?geras). A an?lise dos resultados do tamanho m?dio revelou a ocorr?ncia de diferen?as significativas entre os sexos, com predomin?ncia de machos maiores, para maioria das popula??es. Somente as f?meas de U. cumulanta apresentaram maior tamanho m?dio quando comparadas aos machos, j? U. thayeri n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa entre os sexos. Os resultados da din?mica de crescimento, revelaram que a longevidade para as popula??es em estudo, variou de 3,27 a 4,22 anos. U. thayeri foi a esp?cie que apresentou menor diferen?a em rela??o ? longevidade entre os sexos, com 3,43 anos para machos e 3,53 anos para f?meas, j? U. leptodactylus apresentou maior amplitude, com 3,43 anos para machos e 4,07 anos para f?meas. Os coeficientes de mortalidade natural n?o evidenciaram diferen?as inter e intraespecificas acentuadas de acordo com a esp?cie e o sexo, embora os valores de mortalidade natural tenham sido um pouco mais elevados sobre os machos, do que sobre as f?meas. Palavras-chave: Ba?a de Sepetiba, chama-mar?s, longevidade, padr?o de distribui??o, mortalidade.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-13T13:52:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Barreto Santos.pdf: 883584 bytes, checksum: 8c172d2d89cd730277fc41a3b05b4e69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T13:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Barreto Santos.pdf: 883584 bytes, checksum: 8c172d2d89cd730277fc41a3b05b4e69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The arboreal termites that are part of the Brazilian fauna attack urban areas that have expanded into areas of wild vegetation. The urban trees when not follow the proper principles of planting and management, transforms the trees into nesting sites and feeding termites. Thus, arboreal species of termites begin to assume increasing importance as pests. This study aimed to identify the species of termites associated with tree species and verify, under field conditions, if these termites exhibit preference for nesting and foraging, in the sandbank area of Catalan Island, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. For this, 95 were chosen randomly planting rows of trees located in this area. These lines has traveled a path of 100 m, also randomly chosen, and during that route all the trees were inspected to verify the occurrence of termites. Termites found were collected, preserved in 70% alcohol for later identification. To assess the preferred nesting, all the trees were inspected for the presence nests of N. corniger. The occurrence of termites was registered in all tree rows sampled (n = 95). Of the total of 545 inspected trees, 77% were infested by termites, identified four species distributed into two families: three native species Termitidae (Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, Nasutitermes jaraguae Holmgren and Microcerotermes strunckii Soerensen) and an exotic species of Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). The most frequent species was N. corniger (?2 = 82.04, df = 3, p <0.001), occurring in 79% of infested trees, followed by N. jaraguae (6% of infested trees). The termite species least infested trees were found in C. gestroi (1%) and M. strunckii (1%). In general , the exotic tree species Albizia Lebeck is the most infested by termites and also exotic Leucaena leucocephala is less infested. 114 Nest establishment of N. corniger were identified, and the tree species Schinus terebinthifolius the most nidificada. So the trees of the Catalan's Island salt marsh area are infested with native and exotic termites, however, the native termite N. corniger is predominant. / Os t?rmitas arbor?colas que fazem parte da fauna brasileira atacam ?reas urbanas que expandiram sobre ?reas de vegeta??o silvestre. A arboriza??o urbana quando n?o segue os preceitos adequados de plantio e manejo, transforma as ?rvores em locais de nidifica??o e alimenta??o dos cupins. Dessa forma, esp?cies arbor?colas de cupins passam a assumir import?ncia crescente como pragas. Esse estudo objetivou identificar as esp?cies de cupins associadas a esp?cies arb?reas e verificar, em condi??es de campo, se esses t?rmitas exibem prefer?ncia para nidifica??o e forrageamento, na ?rea de restinga da Ilha do Catal?o, no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Para isso, foram sorteadas aleatoriamente 95 linhas de plantio de ?rvores localizadas nessa ?rea. Nestas linhas foi percorrido um trajeto de 100 m, tamb?m escolhido aleatoriamente, e durante esse percurso todas as ?rvores foram inspecionadas para verificar a ocorr?ncia de cupins. Os cupins encontrados foram coletados, preservados em ?lcool 70% para posterior identifica??o. Para avaliar a prefer?ncia de nidifica??o, todas as ?rvores foram inspecionadas quanto a presen?a de ninhos de N. corniger. A ocorr?ncia de t?rmitas foi registrada em todas as linhas de plantio amostradas (n=95). Do total de 545 ?rvores inspecionadas, 77% estavam infestadas por cupins, sendo identificadas quatro esp?cies distribu?das em duas fam?lias: tr?s esp?cies nativas de Termitidae (Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, Nasutitermes jaraguae Holmgren e Microcerotermes strunckii Soerensen) e uma esp?cie ex?tica de Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). A esp?cie mais frequente foi N. corniger (?2 =82,04; g.l.=3; p<0,001), ocorrendo em 79% das ?rvores infestadas, seguida por N. jaraguae (6% das ?rvores infestadas). As esp?cies de t?rmitas menos encontradas nas ?rvores infestadas foram C. gestroi (1%) e M. strunckii (1%). De maneira geral, a esp?cie arb?rea ex?tica Albizia lebeck ? a mais infestada pelos t?rmitas e a tamb?m ex?tica Leucaena leucocephala ? a menos infestada. Foram identificadas 114 nidifica??es de N. corniger, sendo a esp?cie arb?rea Schimus terebinthifolius a mais nidificada. Portanto, as ?rvores da ?rea de restinga da Ilha do Catal?o s?o infestadas por t?rmitas nativos e ex?ticos, no entanto, o t?rmita nativo N. corniger ? predominante

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leila Rabello de Oliveira.pdf: 546974 bytes, checksum: 7732629a3068dbf2bf2176fd14f4185b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-11 / This dissertation deals with the importance of the university library, its purpose in institutions of higher education and the need for guidelines for adequate evaluation aimed at improving teaching conditions. An assessment was made of 48 undergraduate courses, with a view to offer guidelines and propose criteria for library evaluation. The methodological approach included an analysis of the standards of quality concerning the university library, as well as investigations directed towards the aspects of quality of these standards. It was observed that many models are adapted and do not represent a systematic investigation of the standards of quality in this area. A reference model is proposed to meet the need for more consistent guidelines to direct the undertaking of such evaluation processes. It is concluded that the establishment and organization of a standard of quality for the library sector is fundamental for evaluation and attainment of standards of excellence. / A presente disserta??o aborda a import?ncia da biblioteca universit?ria, sua finalidade junto ?s institui??es de Ensino Superior e a necessidade de se estabelecer um sistema de avalia??o adequado, visando seu melhor aproveitamento e, conseq?entemente, facilitando as condi??es de ensino. Foram avaliados 48 cursos de gradua??o, objetivando oferecer subs?dios e propor crit?rios para essa avalia??o. A metodologia para estes resultados inclui an?lise dos padr?es de qualidade no que tange ? biblioteca universit?ria e ?s pesquisas direcionadas para os aspectos da qualidade desses padr?es. Constata-se que muitos modelos, para tanto, s?o adapta??es desprovidas de uma pesquisa sistem?tica dos padr?es de qualidade para a ?rea. Prop?e-se um padr?o de refer?ncia para guiar a realiza??o desses processos de avalia??o. Conclui-se que estabelecer e organizar o padr?o de qualidade para a se??o biblioteca ? fundamental para a avalia??o e para se alcan?ar o padr?o de excel?ncia.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-10-13T22:42:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Renata Nat?lia_PPG_RGV.pdf: 4534182 bytes, checksum: 0d860c2ab1b6041788983d56cd000549 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-13T22:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Renata Nat?lia_PPG_RGV.pdf: 4534182 bytes, checksum: 0d860c2ab1b6041788983d56cd000549 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The powdery mildew is one of the most important foliar diseases that attack the watermelon and other cucurbits in Brazil and in the world. The principal identification elements by the consumer are based on the external appearance and quality of the fruit. The objective of this study was to identify microsatellite markers linked to resistance to powdery mildew and to the stripe pattern of watermelon fruits with microsatellite markers. Plants of the parents, F1 and F2, which are the result of a cross between the cultuvars BRS Opara (powdery mildew resistant and with clearly defined stripes fruit) and P?rola (powdery mildew susceptible and with diffuse stripes fruit), were phenotyped in the field for resistance or susceptibility to powdery mildew and, after of the harvest, the fruits was morphologically characterized. For these characteristics, 116 microsatellite markers were analyzed and the linkage analysis done in JoinMap 2.0. Segregation in the F2 population demonstrated that resistance powdery mildew and the stripe pattern are controlled by a single dominant gene. The microsatellite loci MCPI_11, CYSTSIN and BVWS02441 showed linked to the powdery mildew resistance gene at 2.6 cM with LODs ?score? of 31.42 and are located in chromosome two of the watermelon genome. The microsatellite loci MCPI_05 and MCPI_16 showed a linkage to the stripe patterns of watermelon fruits at a distance of 1.5 and 1.8 cM with a LODs ?scores? of 39.28 and 38.11 respectively, and are located in the chromosome six of the watermelon genome. These markers can be used in the marker assisted selection process in watermelon improvement programs. / O o?dio ? uma das principais doen?as foliares que acomete a melancia e outras cucurbit?ceas, no Brasil e no mundo. Os principais elementos de identifica??o de uma cultivar pelo consumidor est?o relacionados com a apar?ncia externa e qualidade do fruto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores microssat?lites ligados ? resist?ncia ao o?dio e ao padr?o de listras de frutos de melancia. Plantas dos parentais, de F1 e de F2, resultantes do cruzamento entre as cultivares BRS Opara (resistente ao o?dio e com padr?o de listras claramente definidas) e P?rola (suscet?vel ao o?dio e com padr?o de listras difusas) foram fenotipadas em campo para resist?ncia ou suscetibilidade ao o?dio e, ap?s a colheita, os frutos foram caracterizados quanto ao padr?o de listras. Para essas duas caracter?sticas foram analisados 116 marcadores microssat?lites e as an?lises de liga??o foram realizadas no programa JoinMap 2.0. A segrega??o da popula??o F2 demonstrou que a resist?ncia ao o?dio e o padr?o de listras de frutos de melancia s?o caracter?sticas monog?ncias e dominantes. Os microssat?lites MCPI_11, CYSTSIN e BVWS02441 mostraram-se ligados ao gene que confere resist?ncia ao o?dio a 2,6 cM com LODs ?score? de 31,42 e est?o localizados no cromossomo dois no genoma da melancia. Os microssat?lites MCPI_05 e o MCPI_16 est?o ligados ao padr?o de listras de frutos de melancia a uma dist?ncia de 1,5 e 1,8 cM com LODs ?score?de 39,28 e 38,11, respectivamente, e est?o localizados no cromossomo seis do genoma da melancia. Esses marcadores poder?o ser utilizados no processo de sele??o assistida por marcadores em programas de melhoramento de melancia.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioAGS_DISSERT.pdf: 1631308 bytes, checksum: cb5c8aa720129c7e7b32a24acd2a4b2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 / The importance of non-functional requirements for computer systems is increasing. Satisfying these requirements requires special attention to the software architecture, since an unsuitable architecture introduces greater complexity in addition to the intrinsic complexity of the system. Some studies have shown that, despite requirements engineering and software architecture activities act on different aspects of development, they must be performed iteratively and intertwined to produce satisfactory software systems. The STREAM process presents a systematic approach to reduce the gap between requirements and architecture development, emphasizing the functional requirements, but using the non-functional requirements in an ad hoc way. However, non-functional requirements typically influence the system as a whole. Thus, the STREAM uses Architectural Patterns to refine the software architecture. These patterns are chosen by using non-functional requirements in an ad hoc way. This master thesis presents a process to improve STREAM in making the choice of architectural patterns systematic by using non-functional requirements, in order to guide the refinement of a software architecture / Cada vez mais os sistemas computacionais precisam satisfazer requisitos n?ofuncionais. No entanto a satisfa??o destes requisitos exige uma aten??o especial j? que s?o requisitos que devem ser levados em considera??o pelas arquiteturas de software que representam esses sistemas. Uma arquitetura de software inadequada introduz uma complexidade maior, al?m da complexidade intr?nseca do sistema. Al?m disso, estudos mostram que apesar das atividades de engenharia de requisitos e de arquitetura de software atuarem em diferentes aspectos do desenvolvimento, ? preciso execut?- las de forma iterativa e entrela?ada para produzir sistemas computacionais satisfat?rios. Com o objetivo de diminuir a lacuna existente entre requisitos de software e o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura de software que reflita esses requisitos, foi proposto o processo STREAM (Strategy for Transition between REquirements models and Architectural Models). O STREAM consiste de uma abordagem sistem?tica que enfatiza os requisitos funcionais, sendo os n?o-funcionais usados de forma ad hoc. Entretanto, os requisitos n?o-funcionais normalmente impactam o sistema como um todo. Assim, a maneira proposta pelo STREAM para fazer com que a arquitetura de software desenvolvida reflita os Requisitos N?o-Funcionais elicitados no modelo de requisitos ? atrav?s do refinamento da arquitetura usando padr?es arquiteturais escolhidos com base nos requisitos n?o-funcionais. No STREAM a escolha desses padr?es ? realizada de forma ad hoc. Com o objetivo de sistematizar a forma de escolha dos padr?es arquiteturais, esta disserta??o prop?e um processo para sistematizar a escolha desses padr?es, a partir de requisitos n?o-funcionais racionalizados, que ser?o usados para refinar arquitetura de software

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:53:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AtelmoFO.pdf: 509128 bytes, checksum: e49762421bf24f39dfc42205c05f6be8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-24 / This research has as objective of study the evolution of the accountancy princliple terminology which is present in the accounting conceptual framework. The scene of this research will have as target the North American School of Accounting. The choice of the searched terminology is its relevance in the study of the Accounting Theory. To understand the evolution of the accountancy thought, will be boarded: the influence of the Feudal System and the Mercantilism in the European economic conception; the importance of the Industrial Revolution in the beginning of the accounting standards and the influence of England in the formation of the North American School of Accounting. With relation to U.S.A., the development of the economic-financial scene of the American society will be evaluated, focusing the contribution in the search of the construction of an applied theoretical framework to the Accounting. The economic-financial development of U.S.A. provided the sprouting of new users with specific necessities. The necessity of the user for useful information for the decision taking, unchained the process of research directed toward the establishment of an applied Accountancy terminology. In this process, the paper exerted for the responsible accountancy organisms for the accounting standards will be boarded, as well as the professionals associations which had invested in researches, aiming at to elaborate a body of accountancy principles and to adjust the accountancy procedures to the necessities of the users. To reach the research objective, a bibliographical revision in specialized literature will be effected, adopting the historical method, in the period that understands the development of the North American School of Accounting. As result of the research, it can conclude that the evolution process of the terminology which is studied presents a structural logical problem, because the impossibility of the construction of a theoretical framework, having as bases the principle terminology. The impossibility occurred in function of the reach attributed to the term, which made a difficult in its application in the elaboration of the accountancy procedures / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo da evolu??o da terminologia princ?pio cont?bil, constante no referencial conceitual da contabilidade. O cen?rio da pesquisa ter? como escopo a Escola norte-americana de contabilidade. A escolha da terminologia a ser pesquisada deve-se ? relev?ncia que a mesma tem no estudo da Teoria da Contabilidade. Para compreens?o da evolu??o do pensamento cont?bil, ser?o abordados: a influ?ncia do Feudalismo e do Mercantilismo na concep??o econ?mica europ?ia; a import?ncia da Revolu??o Industrial no in?cio da normatiza??o cont?bil e o papel da Inglaterra na forma??o da Escola norte-americana de contabilidade. Com rela??o aos EUA, ser? avaliado o desenvolvimento do cen?rio econ?mico-financeiro da sociedade americana, enfocando a contribui??o na busca da constru??o de um referencial te?rico aplicado ? contabilidade. O desenvolvimento econ?mico-financeiro dos EUA proporcionou o surgimento de novos usu?rios com necessidades espec?ficas. A necessidade do usu?rio por informa??es ?teis para a tomada de decis?o, desencadeou o processo de pesquisa voltada para o estabelecimento de uma terminologia aplicada a contabilidade. Nesse processo, ser? abordado o papel exercido pelos organismos cont?beis repons?veis pela normatiza??o, bem como as associa??es de profissionais que investiram em pesquisas, visando elaborar um corpo de princ?pios cont?beis e adequar os procedimentos cont?beis ?s necessidades dos usu?rios. Para atingir o objetivo da pesquisa, ser? efetuada uma revis?o bibliogr?fica na literatura especializada, adotando-se o m?todo hist?rico, no per?odo que compreende o desenvolvimento da Escola norte-americana de contabilidade. Como resultado da pesquisa, conclui-se que o processo evolutivo da terminologia em estudo apresenta um problema l?gico estrutural, devido a impossiblidade da constru??o de um referencial te?rico, tendo como base a terminologia princ?pio. A impossibilidade ocorreu em fun??o da abrang?ncia atribu?da ao termo, que dificultou sua aplica??o na elabora??o dos procedimentos cont?beis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeisyanneC_DISSERT_1-98.pdf: 6349491 bytes, checksum: 09684a9e81ab68cdbcb6f0ed878439d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-28 / Standardization and sustainability: these two apparently antagonistic words find the challenge of uniting in a flexible architectonic proposal. This was the idea that motivated the proposal of this assignment, whose appearing is bound up with the necessity of thinking about standardized spaces that attend on functional criterias and environmental sustainability, in reply to an existing real demand. The assignment consists of an architectonic proposal for a flexible standard of a Basic Unit of Health for the bioclimatic zone 7 of RN (UBS RN-7), with emphasis in the environmental sustainability. The project contemplates innumerable involved variables, such as: obedience to the current law of the Health Ministry for the UBSs; formal/aesthetic aspects; criterias of expansiveness of the UBS I for the UBS II; relative aspects to the constructive rationality and, mainly, sustainability aspects. With the intention to unite the variables and, also, glimpsing a proposal that could reach a good functional performance, aesthetic, of environment comfort and energetic efficiency, it was also necessary to consider concepts about the flexibility of the envelopment. The elaboration of the architecture first draft was based on bibliographical research, conceptual studies and references, elaboration of the architectonic program and the draft development for the UBS port I and the UBS port II. To the end, an implantation data sheet for the project is proposed for the UBS standard project, where strategies of thermal isolation, shadowing and thermal inertia are adopted and combined to three possible types of lot, resulting in 24 possibilities of implantation / Padroniza??o e sustentabilidade: duas palavras aparentemente antag?nicas aqui encontram o desafio de se aliarem em uma proposta arquitet?nica flex?vel. Essa foi a id?ia que motivou a proposi??o dessa disserta??o, cujo surgimento est? ligado ? necessidade de se pensar em espa?os padronizados que atendam a crit?rios funcionais e de sustentabilidade ambiental, em resposta a uma demanda real existente. A disserta??o consiste na proposta arquitet?nica para um padr?o flex?vel de Unidade B?sica de Sa?de para a zona bioclim?tica 7 do RN (UBS RN-7), com ?nfase na sustentabilidade ambiental. O projeto contempla in?meras vari?veis envolvidas como: atendimento ? legisla??o vigente do Minist?rio da Sa?de para as UBSs; aspectos formais/ est?ticos; crit?rios de expansibilidade da UBS porte I para a UBS porte II; aspectos relativos ? racionalidade construtiva e, sobretudo, aspectos de sustentabilidade. Com o intuito de aliar as vari?veis e, ainda, vislumbrando uma proposta que pudesse atingir um bom desempenho funcional, est?tico, de conforto ambiental e efici?ncia energ?tica, foi necess?rio considerar tamb?m conceitos sobre a flexibilidade da envolt?ria. A elabora??o do anteprojeto de arquitetura teve como base pesquisas bibliogr?ficas, estudos conceituais e de refer?ncias, elabora??o do programa arquitet?nico e desenvolvimento do anteprojeto para a UBS porte I e a UBS porte II. Ao final, ? proposta uma ficha de implanta??o para o projeto padr?o da UBS, onde s?o adotadas estrat?gias de isolamento t?rmico, sombreamento e in?rcia t?rmica que s?o combinadas a tr?s poss?veis tipos de lote, resultando em 24 possibilidades de implanta??es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SeverinaCVCL_TESE.pdf: 1816207 bytes, checksum: 5755d36ea1a1726759b308b22d1cfcdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / The dyslipidemia and excess weight in adolescents, when combined, suggest a progression of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides these, the dietary habits and lifestyle have also been considered unsuitable impacting the development of chronic diseases. The study objectives were: (1) estimate the prevalence of lipid profile and correlate with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist / height ratio (WHR) in adolescents, considering the maturation sexual, (2) know the sources of variance in the diet and the number of days needed to estimate the usual diet of adolescents and (3) describe the dietary patterns and lifestyle of adolescents, family history of CVD and age correlates them with the patterns of risk for CVD, adjusted for sexual maturation. A cross-sectional study was performed with 432 adolescents, aged 10-19 years from public schools of the Natal city, Brazil. The dyslipidemias were evaluated considering the lipid profile, the index of I Castelli (TC / HDL) and II (LDL / HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol. Anthropometric indicators were BMI, WC and WHR. The intake of energy, nutrients including fiber, fatty acids and cholesterol was estimated from two 24-hour recalls (24HR). The variables of lipid profile, anthropometric and clinical data were used in the models of Pearson correlation and linear regression, considering the sexual maturation. The variance ratio of the diet was calculated from the component-person variance, determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The definition of the number of days to estimate the usual intake of each nutrient was obtained by taking the hypothetical correlation (r) &#8805; 0.9, between nutrient intake and the true observed. We used the principal component analysis as a method of extracting factors that 129 accounted for the dependent variables and known cardiovascular risk obtained from the lipid profile, the index for Castelli I and II, non-HDL cholesterol, BMI, and WC the WHR. Dietary patterns and lifestyle were obtained from the independent variables, based on nutrients consumed and physical activity weekly. In the study of principal component analysis (PCA) was investigated associations between the patterns of cardiovascular risk factors in dietary patterns and lifestyle, age and positive family history of CVD, through bivariate and multiple logistic regression adjusted for sexual maturation. The low HDL-C dyslipidemia was most prevalent (50.5%) for adolescents. Significant correlations were observed between hypercholesterolemia and positive family history of CVD (r = 0.19, p <0.01) and hypertriglyceridemia with BMI (r = 0.30, p <0.01), with the CC (r = 0.32, p <0.01) and WHR (r = 0.33, p <0.01). The linear model constructed with sexual maturation, age and BMI explained about 1 to 10.4% of the variation in the lipid profile. The sources of variance between individuals were greater for all nutrients in both sexes. The reasons for variances were &#61500; 1 for all nutrients were higher in females. The results suggest that to assess the diet of adolescents with greater precision, 2 days would be enough to R24h consumption of energy, carbohydrates, fiber, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, 3 days would be recommended for protein, lipid, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Two cardiovascular risk factors as have been extracted in the ACP, referring to the dependent variables: the standard lipid profile (HDL-C and non-HDL cholesterol) and "standard anthropometric index (BMI, WC, WHR) with a power explaining 75% of the variance of the original data. The factors are representative of two independent variables led to dietary patterns, "pattern 130 western diet" and "pattern protein diet", and one on the lifestyle, "pattern energy balance". Together, these patterns provide an explanation power of 67%. Made adjustment for sexual maturation in males remained significant variables: the associations between puberty and be pattern anthropometric indicator (OR = 3.32, CI 1.34 to 8.17%), and between family history of CVD and the pattern lipid profile (OR = 2.62, CI 1.20 to 5.72%). In females adolescents, associations were identified between age after the first stage of puberty with anthropometric pattern (OR = 3.59, CI 1.58 to 8.17%) and lipid profile (OR = 0.33, CI 0.15 to 0.75%). Conclusions: The low HDL-C was the most prevalent dyslipidemia independent of sex and nutritional status of adolescents. Hypercholesterolemia was influenced by family history of CVD and sexual maturation, in turn, hypertriglyceridemia was closely associated with anthropometric indicators. The variance between the diets was greater for all nutrients. This fact reflected in a variance ratio less than 1 and consequently in a lower number of days requerid to estimate the usual diet of adolescents considering gender. The two dietary patterns were extracted and the pattern considered unhealthy lifestyle as healthy. The associations were found between the patterns of CVD risk with age and family history of CVD in the studied adolescents / As dislipidemias e o excesso de peso corporal em adolescentes, quando associados, sugerem uma progress?o dos fatores de risco modific?veis para as doen?as cardiovasculares (DCV). Al?m destes, os h?bitos alimentares e de estilo de vida inadequados, tamb?m t?m sido considerados impactantes no desenvolvimento de doen?as cr?nicas. Os objetivos do estudo foram: (1) estimar a preval?ncia das altera??es do perfil lip?dico e correlacionar com o ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunfer?ncia da cintura (CC) e a raz?o cintura/altura (RCA) em adolescentes, considerando a matura??o sexual; (2) conhecer as fontes de vari?ncia da dieta e o n?mero de dias necess?rios para estimar a dieta habitual dos adolescentes e (3) descrever os padr?es diet?ticos e de estilo de vida dos adolescentes, a hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV e a idade e correlacion?-los com os padr?es de risco para DCV, ajustados pela matura??o sexual. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com 432 adolescentes de escolas p?blicas municipais da cidade do Natal, RN, Brasil, com idade entre 10-19 anos. As dislipidemias foram avaliadas considerando o perfil lip?dico, o ?ndice de Castelli I (CT/HDL) e II (LDL/HDL) e o colesterol n?o-HDL. Os indicadores antropom?tricos inclu?dos foram o IMC, a CC e a RCA. A ingest?o de energia, dos macronutrientes inclusive a fibra, dos ?cidos graxos e do colesterol foi estimada a partir de dois recordat?rios de 24h (R24h). As vari?veis do perfil lip?dico, antropom?tricas e cl?nicas foram usadas nos modelos de correla??o de Pearson e de regress?o linear multivariada, considerando a matura??o sexual. A raz?o de vari?ncia da dieta foi calculada entre o componente da vari?ncia intrapessoal e interpessoal, determinada pela an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA). A xv defini??o do n?mero de dias para a estimativa da ingest?o habitual de cada nutriente foi obtida considerando a correla??o hipot?tica de (r) &#8805; 0,9, entre a ingest?o de nutrientes verdadeira e a observada. Utilizou-se a an?lise de componentes principais (ACP) como m?todo de extra??o dos fatores que representaram as vari?veis dependentes denominadas de risco cardiovascular e obtido a partir do perfil lip?dico, do ?ndice de Castelli I e II, do colesterol n?o-HDL, do IMC, da CC e da RCA. Os padr?es diet?ticos e do estilo de vida foram obtidos a partir das vari?veis independentes, com base nos nutrientes consumidos e na atividade f?sica semanal. No estudo da ACP foram investigadas as associa??es entre os padr?es de risco cardiovascular com os padr?es diet?ticos e do estilo de vida, idade e com a hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV, por meio da an?lise bivariada e regress?o log?stica m?ltipla ajustada pela matura??o sexual. O baixo HDL-c foi a dislipidemia mais prevalente (50,5%) nos adolescentes. Foram verificadas correla??es significativas entre a hipercolesterolemia e a hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV (r=0,19, p<0,01); e a hipertrigliceridemia com o IMC (r=0,30, p<0,01), com a CC (r=0,32, p<0,01) e com a RCQ (r=0,33, p<0,01). O modelo linear constru?do com a matura??o sexual, idade e IMC explicaram cerca de 1 10,4% da varia??o dos valores do perfil lip?dico. As fontes de vari?ncia interpessoal foram maiores para todos os nutrientes, em ambos os sexos. As raz?es de vari?ncias foram &#61500; 1 para todos os nutrientes sendo mais elevadas no sexo feminino. Os resultados sugerem que para avaliar a dieta destes adolescentes, 2 dias de R24h seriam suficientes para consumo de energia, carboidratos, fibra, ?cidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados. Diferentemente, 3 dias seria o recomendado para a prote?na, xvi lip?deos, os ?cidos graxos poliinsaturados e o colesterol. Dois fatores denominados de risco cardiovascular foram extra?dos na ACP, referentes ?s vari?veis dependentes: o padr?o perfil lip?dico (HDL-C e colesterol n?o-HDL) e o padr?o indicador antropom?trico (IMC, CC, RCA), com um poder de explica??o de 75% da vari?ncia dos dados originais. Os fatores representativos das vari?veis independentes originaram dois padr?es diet?ticos, padr?o dieta ocidental e padr?o dieta prot?ica ; e um relativo ao estilo de vida, padr?o equil?brio energ?tico . Em conjunto, estes padr?es fornecem um poder de explica??o de 67%. Feito o ajuste pela matura??o sexual, permaneceram significativas no sexo masculino as seguintes vari?veis: as associa??es entre ser p?bere e o padr?o indicador antropom?trico (OR=3,32, IC% 1,34-8,17); e entre a hist?ria familiar de DCV e o padr?o perfil lip?dico (OR=2,62, IC% 1,20-5,72). No sexo feminino, identificaram-se associa??es entre a idade ap?s a primeira fase da puberdade com os padr?es indicadores antropom?tricos (OR=3,59, IC% 1,58-8,17) e do perfil lip?dico (OR=0,33, IC% 0,15-0,75). Conclus?es: O baixo HDL-c foi a mais prevalente dislipidemia independente do sexo e do estado nutricional dos adolescentes. A hipercolesterolemia teve influ?ncia da hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV e da matura??o sexual; por sua vez, a hipertrigliceridemia foi fortemente associada aos indicadores antropom?tricos. A vari?ncia interpessoal da dieta foi a maior para todos os nutrientes. Tal fato repercutiu em uma raz?o de vari?ncia menor que 1 e consequentemente em um menor n?mero de dias necess?rios para se estimar a dieta habitual dos adolescentes, considerando o sexo. Os dois padr?es diet?ticos extra?dos foram considerados n?o saud?veis e o padr?o estilo de vida como saud?vel. As associa??es encontradas foram entre os padr?es de xvii risco para DCV com a idade e a hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV nos adolescentes estudados

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:07:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandreGL_DISSERT.pdf: 5013567 bytes, checksum: e16408257f23b984754d0a91e2a173b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-12 / Remote sensing is one technology of extreme importance, allowing capture of data from the Earth's surface that are used with various purposes, including, environmental monitoring, tracking usage of natural resources, geological prospecting and monitoring of disasters. One of the main applications of remote sensing is the generation of thematic maps and subsequent survey of areas from images generated by orbital or sub-orbital sensors. Pattern classification methods are used in the implementation of computational routines to automate this activity. Artificial neural networks present themselves as viable alternatives to traditional statistical classifiers, mainly for applications whose data show high dimensionality as those from hyperspectral sensors. This work main goal is to develop a classiffier based on neural networks radial basis function and Growing Neural Gas, which presents some advantages over using individual neural networks. The main idea is to use Growing Neural Gas's incremental characteristics to determine the radial basis function network's quantity and choice of centers in order to obtain a highly effective classiffier. To demonstrate the performance of the classiffier three studies case are presented along with the results. / O sensoriamento remoto de uma tecnologia de extrema import?ncia na atualidade, permitindo a capta??o de dados da superf?cie terrestre que s?o utilizados com diversas finalidades, entre as quais, fiscaliza??o ambiental, acompanhamento de uso dos recursos naturais, prospec??ao geol?gica e monitoramento de cat?strofes. Uma das aplica??es principais do sensoriamento remoto ? a gera??o de mapas tem?ticos e posterior levantamento de ?reas a partir de imagens geradas por sensores orbitais ou sub-orbitais. M?todos de classica??o de padr?es s?o utilizados na implementa??o de rotinas computacionais que automatizem essa atividade. As redes neurais artificiais apresentam-se como m?todos alternativos vi?veis aos classicadores estat?sticos tradicionais, principalmente em aplica??es cujos dados apresentem alta dimensionalidade como os provenientes de sensores hiperespectrais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal desenvolver um classicador baseado nas redes neurais de fun??o de base radial e Growing Neural Gas e que apresenta algumas vantagens em rela??o ? utiliza??o individual de redes neurais. A id?ia principal ? utilizar as caracter?sticas incrementais da rede Growing Neural Gas para determinar a quantidade e a escolha de centros da rede de fun??o de base radial com o intuito de obter um classificador altamente ecaz. Para atestar o desempenho do classicador s?o apresentados tr?s estudos de caso juntamente com os resultados obtidos