Den här uppsatsen har som syfte att undersöka på vilka sätt läsning framställs och vilka funktioner läsning fyller i Markus Zusaks uppmärksammande roman The Book Thief (2005). För att besvara detta syfte ställs frågeställningarna: Hur förhåller sig protagonisten Liesel till läsning och vad betyder det för henne? På vilket sätt förstärks romanens lästematik med hjälp av dess berättarteknik? Analysen är uppdelad i två delar. För att besvara den första frågeställningen har en tematisk läsning med inriktning på läsning utförts, genom att presentera citat från romanen för att undersöka vilka funktioner den fiktiva läsningen fyller i The Book Thief. Den andra delen av analysen som besvarar den andra frågeställningen utgår från begreppen palimpsest, mise en abyme och hypertextualitet.  Resultatet av undersökningen visar att läsning fyller fyra centrala funktioner för protagonisten Liesel: läsning som terapi och trygghet, social aktivitet, revolutionerande handling och makt samt förstärkning av livet och verklighetsflykt.  Med hjälp av berättartekniska grepp som mise en abyme och palimpsest skapas ett metaperspektiv i romanen. Romanen The Book Thief handlar om flickan Liesel och är baserad innehållsligt på hennes egenskrivna bok. Romanen kan ses både som en bokstavlig och bildlig palimpsest. Bokstavligt eftersom romanen innehåller illustrationer som visar karaktären Maxs berättelse som är placerad på övermålade sidor av Mein Kampf. Det kan ses som en bildig palimpsest eftersom berättaren Döden tillåter läsaren att se igenom hans berättelse, då citat från Liesels bok presenteras. Detta bidrar till att förstärka romanens lästematik, då Döden som berättare uppmärksammar att han och Liesel både är läsare och berättare.

Les séries télévisées dramatiques américaines contemporaines (1990-2005) ont développé un mode de communication spécifique avec les téléspectateurs, fondé sur la construction d’une connivence entre le public et le programme, que nous étudierons en utilisant les principes de la rhétorique épidictique. Deux axes sont particulièrement importants et font l’objet d’une attention particulière : les seuils (titres, génériques, épigraphes, etc.) et les phénomènes d’intertextualité et de transtextualité.Les premiers sont devenus des lieux de jeu entre les producteurs du discours (chaînes, créateurs, producteurs exécutifs, scénaristes) et le public : oscillant entre normes industrielles et dynamisme créatif personnel, ils accompagnent les téléspectateurs dans leur entrée et leur sortie de la série et manifestent de forts enjeux marketing.Les phénomènes d’intertextualité et de transtextualité sont d’abord le spin off et le crossover, mais aussi tout le continuum des procédés de citation et de référence qui aboutissent à la constitution d’un texte-centon. Ils finissent par faire de la série télévisée un palimpseste, dans lequel chaque texte est l’écho de mille autres textes, d’événements de notre contemporanéité et nous rappelle les situations de notre vie.La série télévisée devient ainsi un rituel, non seulement de consommation (regarder son épisode chaque semaine), mais aussi au sens que la rhétorique épidictique donne à ce mot : elle permet de créer une communauté réunie autour de valeurs partagées. / Contemporary US TV dramas (from 1990 to 2005) have developed a specific communication process with their viewers, based on a strong proximity established between the audience and the program. In studying this issue we will apply the principles of the epideictic rhetoric. Two aspects are especially relevant and will thus receive particular attention: first the thresholds à la Genette (titles, opening credits, taglines, etc.), then the phenomena of intertextuality and transtextuality.Thresholds have become the loci of a game between the discourse producers (networks, creators, executive producers, writers) and the audience: navigating between industrial conventions and personal creative dynamism, they go alongside the TV viewer in its entrance and its exit of the series and embody significant marketing issues.The phenomena of intertextuality and transtextuality, on the other hand, are particularly apparent in both the spinoff and the crossover, as well as in a continuum of processes ranging from quotes to references. Altogether they lead to the constitution of a text-cento. Ultimately, they transform TV shows into a palimpsest, in which each text echoes thousands of other texts, key events of our contemporaneousness as well as reminders of the audience’s own life.In summary, TV shows have become a ritual in their own right, not only of consumption (watching an episode a week), but also in the sense that epideictic rhetoric gives to the concept: they create a community united around shared values.

What happens after a place has been exploited, isolated, and neglected? What occurs when that place is bound – confined – by impenetrable voids of dereliction? Its core, slowing diffracting, with no opportunity to perceive outward – beyond the derelict terrain to the boundless expanses of earth and water that have perpetuated its vitality. And what then, if for a moment, this decaying place is given a view beyond these boundaries? Deindustrialization has invariably altered modern cultural conceptions of control over nature. The terrain remaining after decades of resource exploitation is composed of deep voids and fissures that reside physically, psychologically, and theoretically in-between the accepted realms of culture and nature. This thesis explores the perversion and dissolution of these two opposing realms within the sublime and fantastical derelict landscape of a declining town. Deindustrial voids are considered as both barrier and bridge; serving as persistent symbolic reminders of the volatile and hubristic relationship between culture and nature, and offering potential reconnection to the natural landscape of a city’s foundation. Reacting to collective nostalgia through memorialisation, totemism, and erasure, typical design interventions continue to prioritize cultural domination and emphasize the designer as creator in order to reassert control over the chaos of deindustrialization, often resulting in placeless infilling of the void. Ideas of extimacy, alterity, and ruination, with influences from the fields of industrial archaeology and landscape architecture, ground contemporary reactions to the deindustrial void and explore the role of landscape in the creation and fragmentation of ideas of place for the dissolving North American industrial city. Both inspired and situated within the declining former town of Fort William, Ontario, this thesis surveys an abandoned industrial corridor that encircles the town, severing it from the liminal water’s edge and landscape beyond. Viewed as a palimpsest, this site is considered beyond its most recent industrial usage to expose a place-specific natural/cultural terrain comprised of material and immaterial layers of evolution and exploitation. This thesis positions the architect as perceiver, hoping to inspire sensitivity, pause, and reflection and resists ideas of forced transformation as a means of outwardly expressing progress. It immerses itself within the in-between places that blur preconceived boundaries – natural and cultural, past and future, controlled and chaotic – in order to encounter the inherent existential qualities of a site in transition.

The objective of this paper is to examine narrative techniques used by the Swedish author Stig Claesson, especially his transformations of texts out of the own authorship into new stories. In order to achieve my objective, I will specifically study two novels; Rosine (1991) and Efter oss syndafloden (2002) and the method practiced will be intentional reading, as described by H. Porter Abbott. For the analysis I will, with the complementary support of Abbott and Beata Agrell, turn to Gerard Genette and his theories concerning transformation and transtextuality, in particular its sub idiom hypertextuality. As a result of my analysis, various subgroups of transformation used by Claesson are identified, but also proven is how Claesson, largely by utilizing two of them; transvocalisation and transvaluation, provides the reader with the implied author of his own choice. Moreover, my investigation demonstrates how Claesson when reusing narratives already told by himself, i.e. transforming hypotexts of his own into hypertexts, recycles characters;  reprocesses master as well as sub plots; alters trivial details; re-interprets events; switches from one narrative view to another, all well documented techniques described by Genette as elements of transformation.

<p>The objective of this paper is to examine narrative techniques used by the Swedish author Stig Claesson, especially his transformations of texts out of the own authorship into new stories. In order to achieve my objective, I will specifically study two novels; <em>Rosine</em> (1991) and <em>Efter oss syndafloden</em> (2002) and the method practiced will be intentional reading, as described by H. Porter Abbott. For the analysis I will, with the complementary support of Abbott and Beata Agrell, turn to Gerard Genette and his theories concerning transformation and transtextuality, in particular its sub idiom hypertextuality. As a result of my analysis, various subgroups of transformation used by Claesson are identified, but also proven is how Claesson, largely by utilizing two of them; transvocalisation and transvaluation, provides the reader with the implied author of his own choice. Moreover, my investigation demonstrates how Claesson when reusing narratives already told by himself, i.e. transforming hypotexts of his own into hypertexts, recycles characters;  reprocesses master as well as sub plots; alters trivial details; re-interprets events; switches from one narrative view to another, all well documented techniques described by Genette as elements of transformation.</p>

This paper is part of the academic effort to recover historical memory in post-Civil War Spain and metaphorically applies the so-called Giobert Tincture to Carmen Martín Gaite’s El cuarto de atrás (1978), Dulce Chacón’s La voz dormida (2002) and Pedro Almodóvar’s La mala educación (2004) in order show how these works reveal the ghosts of the repression exerted against the epitome of the abject/obscene by Franco’s dictatorship: the queer collective. This collective continues to suffer from marginalization as well as from the effects of repression. I argue that El cuarto de atrás reveals C.’s repressed hybrid/queer identity and sexual orientation, that La voz dormida reveals Tomasa and Reme’s homoerotic/queer relationship and that La mala educación reveals in the form of cross-dressed/hybrid bodies how gender performativity is based on the repression of generic and sexual identity. First, I analyze the historical and artistic-cultural context of the selected works. Second, I outline the methodology and poststructural theoretical concepts that frame my thesis. Although the following chapters develop an episodic structure, a comprehensive reading of the paper provides a holistic perspective of the repression of queer people and its palimpsestic-spectral representation in the works of the above-mentioned authors.

What happens after a place has been exploited, isolated, and neglected? What occurs when that place is bound – confined – by impenetrable voids of dereliction? Its core, slowing diffracting, with no opportunity to perceive outward – beyond the derelict terrain to the boundless expanses of earth and water that have perpetuated its vitality. And what then, if for a moment, this decaying place is given a view beyond these boundaries? Deindustrialization has invariably altered modern cultural conceptions of control over nature. The terrain remaining after decades of resource exploitation is composed of deep voids and fissures that reside physically, psychologically, and theoretically in-between the accepted realms of culture and nature. This thesis explores the perversion and dissolution of these two opposing realms within the sublime and fantastical derelict landscape of a declining town. Deindustrial voids are considered as both barrier and bridge; serving as persistent symbolic reminders of the volatile and hubristic relationship between culture and nature, and offering potential reconnection to the natural landscape of a city’s foundation. Reacting to collective nostalgia through memorialisation, totemism, and erasure, typical design interventions continue to prioritize cultural domination and emphasize the designer as creator in order to reassert control over the chaos of deindustrialization, often resulting in placeless infilling of the void. Ideas of extimacy, alterity, and ruination, with influences from the fields of industrial archaeology and landscape architecture, ground contemporary reactions to the deindustrial void and explore the role of landscape in the creation and fragmentation of ideas of place for the dissolving North American industrial city. Both inspired and situated within the declining former town of Fort William, Ontario, this thesis surveys an abandoned industrial corridor that encircles the town, severing it from the liminal water’s edge and landscape beyond. Viewed as a palimpsest, this site is considered beyond its most recent industrial usage to expose a place-specific natural/cultural terrain comprised of material and immaterial layers of evolution and exploitation. This thesis positions the architect as perceiver, hoping to inspire sensitivity, pause, and reflection and resists ideas of forced transformation as a means of outwardly expressing progress. It immerses itself within the in-between places that blur preconceived boundaries – natural and cultural, past and future, controlled and chaotic – in order to encounter the inherent existential qualities of a site in transition.

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-10-31T16:28:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ismene Fernandes da Silva - 2017.pdf: 1820410 bytes, checksum: f1597d60d4fe6e30e213cb60a1455309 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-11-06T09:43:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ismene Fernandes da Silva - 2017.pdf: 1820410 bytes, checksum: f1597d60d4fe6e30e213cb60a1455309 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-06T09:43:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ismene Fernandes da Silva - 2017.pdf: 1820410 bytes, checksum: f1597d60d4fe6e30e213cb60a1455309 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-06 / Our proposal is to understand the city in the palimpsest of memories, histories and experiences of Catalão, Goiás, through the narratives of Brás José Coelho, Shadows of Time, in which we problematize the relation between place and memory in historical representations. In addition to the places of memories, we try to perceive what are pointed out in the chronicles: constructed identities, memorable people, disputes of power and privileged memories to the detriment of others. We have as reference theoretical authors that swot concepts of memory, city, places of memory, representation and social practices. We understand culture as a web of meanings, according to Geertz (1978) and the reading of the world as a text to be discovered by the vestiges previously hidden in a palimpsest of memories and histories to be scraped, according to the concept of Pesavento (2004). We conceive the city as a text to be read and deciphered in a teaching and learning essay in the classroom with the chronicles of the book of Coelho (2015), a way that reflects beyond what is seen and perceived than the chronicles point out. Initially we thought about research the life experiences of ordinary people in their places of memories, during the master's degree course and in discussions with the master's advisor; we rethought this form of swot and source of research. Throughout the process, we chose to use the book of Coelho (2015), as a source and object of research. We perceive that the language of the chronicles is accessible to teachers and understandable to students, who can and should use them in history classes to understand an entire historical context of the city of Catalão, the historical characters and their memorable places. We believe that contact with this source and document would awaken in students the desire to know and be part of history, especially that they can construct knowledge by thinking, investigating, questioning and producing something different from what is given. The school is the ideal space for this constructive exercise, having the teacher as a base, who assumes an important role in this didactic process, guiding the swot with the chronicles and the context that approach from memorable places and people. / Nossa proposta é compreender a cidade no palimpsesto de Memórias, histórias e experiências de Catalão, Goiás, através das narrativas de Braz José Coelho, Sombras do Tempo, em que problematizamos a relação entre o lugar e memória em representações históricas. Além dos lugares das memórias, tentamos perceber o que são apontados nas crônicas: identidades construídas, pessoas memoráveis, disputas de poder e memórias privilegiadas em detrimento de outros. Temos como autores teóricos referenciais que exploram conceitos de memória, cidade, lugares de memória, representação e práticas sociais. Entendemos a cultura como uma teia de significados, de acordo com Geertz (1978) e a leitura de mundo como texto a ser descoberto pelos vestígios anteriormente escondidos em um palimpsesto de memórias e histórias a serem raspadas, de acordo com o conceito de Pesavento (2004). Concebemos a cidade como um texto a ser lido e decifrado num ensaio de ensino e aprendizagem em sala de aula com as crônicas do livro de Coelho (2015), uma maneira que reflete além do que é visto e percebido do que as crônicas apontam. Inicialmente, pensamos em pesquisar as experiências de vida de pessoas comuns em seus lugares de Memórias. Durante o curso de mestrado, e em discussões nas orientações, repensamos essa foram de busca e fonte de pesquisa. Percebemos que a narrativa das crônicas é acessível aos professores e compreensível para os alunos, que podem e devem usa-los em aulas de história para entender todo um contexto histórico da cidade de Catalão, os personagens históricos e seus lugares memoráveis. Acreditamos que o contato com essa fonte e documento despertará nos alunos o desejo de conhecer e fazer parte da história, especialmente que eles possam construir o conhecimento pensando e investigando, questionando e produzindo algo diferente do que é dado. A escola é o espaço ideal para este exercício construtivo, tendo o professor como base, que assume um papel importante nesse processo didático, orientando o movimento com as crônicas e o contexto que se aproxima de lugares e pessoas memoráveis.

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Par son recours à diverses formes d’expression, Unica Zürn (1916-1970) redynamise l’espace de la feuille en le faisant activement participer à l’écriture de soi. Le « je » semble en effet se démultiplier grâce à des jeux « anagrammatiques » sur les divers signes mobilisés, qu’ils soient alphabétiques, picturaux ou musicaux. L’autoreprésentation s’inscrit alors au sein d’une œuvre pluridisciplinaire inusitée, qui renouvelle l’esthétique quelque peu « essoufflée » du mouvement surréaliste. Cette attitude vis-à-vis de la feuille, où plusieurs signes « décomposables » et « recomposables » se partagent l’espace, est observable tant dans l’œuvre littéraire que picturale d’Unica Zürn. Le processus de création par la lettre, le trait et la note de musique, tend à revaloriser le support matériel utilisé par l’effacement des frontières entre les disciplines artistiques, qui appelle un regard distancié du lecteur/spectateur sur l’œuvre. Afin d’interpréter les travaux de Zürn dans la pluralité des moyens artistiques qui y sont déployés, l’approche intermédiale sera favorisée. Dans le premier chapitre de ce mémoire, il s’agira d’abord de voir comment s’articule un certain dialogue entre le discours des chercheurs de l’intermédialité et l’œuvre d’Unica Zürn. Le rapport à l’objet sera notre porte d’entrée dans la matière intermédiale. Par un retour à la matérialité de l’expérience médiatique, nous constaterons que Zürn met à l’avant-scène les instruments et supports de la création, ce qui mène à une représentation distorsionnée de soi, de l’espace et du temps. Une fois le parallèle établi entre les concepts de l’intermédialité et les travaux de Zürn, nous nous concentrerons sur le pan musical de l’œuvre pluridisciplinaire de l’auteure-artiste. Le second chapitre traitera de l’intrusion du sonore dans l’univers textuel, qui se fera notamment par la réappropriation de l’opéra Norma, de Vincenzo Bellini. Cette réécriture s’intitule Les jeux à deux et prend une distance considérable par rapport au texte originel. Elle s’accompagne de dessins effectués par l’auteure-artiste à même les partitions de l’opéra. Le regard multiple posé sur l’œuvre zürnienne permettra de comprendre que l’écriture palimpseste participe du processus d’autoreprésentation, tout en élaborant un discours sur la rencontre entre littérature, dessin et musique, ainsi que sur l’influence de cette juxtaposition sur le débordement des frontières médiatiques traditionnelles. / Having recourse to many forms of expression, Unica Zürn (1916-1970) revitalizes the space of the sheet by having it take an active part in the individual writing. The “I” seems to increase thanks to “anagrammatic” games on the many mobilized signs, whether they are alphabetical, pictorial or musical. The self-representation is inspired by an unusual multidisciplinary work, which renews the aesthetics, somewhat “worn”, of the surrealist movement. This attitude towards the sheet, where many “decomposable” and “recomposable” signs share the space, is observable in Unica Zürn’s literary work as well as in her pictorial work. The process of creation through the letter, the stroke and the musical note tends to reassert the value of the material support used by the abolition of the boundaries among the artistic disciplines, which calls for a distanced look from the reader/spectator on the work. In order to interpret Zürn’s work in the plurality of the artistic means that are deployed, the intermedial approach will be favoured. In the first chapter of this dissertation, we will see how a certain dialog is structured between the views of the intermediality’s researchers and Unica Zürn’s work. The relation to objects will be our entry point in the intermedial subject. Through a return to the materiality of the media-related experience, we will notice that Zürn puts at the forefront the instruments and the supports to the creation, which leads to a contorted representation of oneself, space and time. Once the parallel established between the intermediality’s concepts and Zürn’s work, we will focus on the musical aspect of the author-artist’s multidisciplinary work. The second chapter will deal with the intrusion of sound in the textual universe, which will occur through the reappropriation of the Vincenzo Bellini’s opera “Norma”. This revising is called “Les jeux à deux” and is significantly different from the original text, and is paired with drawings made by the author-artist directly on the opera’s partitions. The multiple look placed upon the zurnian work will allow to understand that the palimpsest writing takes part in the self-representation process, through elaborating a view regarding the interrelation of literature, drawing and music, as well as the influence of this juxtaposition on the overflow of the traditional media boundaries.