El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en determinar si existe relación entre los estilos de crianza parental y la conducta prosocial en adolescentes de un colegio privado de una Provincia de Lima, Perú. Para ello, se obtuvo una muestra conformada por 202 escolares entre 11 y 15 años (67.8% varones y 32.2% mujeres). Se empleó el Inventario de Comportamientos Prosociales en el Contexto Escolar para medir conducta prosocial y el Cuestionario de Percepción de los Estilos de Crianza CRPBI-R para medir los estilos de crianza. De acuerdo con los resultados, se ha encontrado una relación significativa directa entre el estilo comunicativo del padre, componente de la crianza parental, y la conducta prosocial. En este sentido, existe relación del estilo comunicativo con empatía y consuelo verbal (r=.15), escucha profunda (r=.24), servicio físico y verbal (r=.16), ayuda física (r=.33) y solidaridad (r=.21). Con ello, se concluye que efectivamente existe relación entre los estilos de crianza parental y la conducta prosocial en escolares. / The aim of this work was to determine if there is a relationship between perceived parental behavior and prosocial behavior in adolescents of a private school in a Province of Lima. It was applied to a sample made up of 202 schoolchildren ranging in age from 11 to 15 years old (67.8% men and 32.2% women). The Prosocial Behavior Inventory in the school context was used to measure prosocial behavior and the Child’s Report of Parental Behavior Inventory-Abbreviated (CRPBI-A) to measure perceived parental behavior. Correlational analyses evidenced a direct significant relationship between the father’s communicative style, a component of perceived parental behavior, and prosocial behavior. It means that there is a relationship of the communicate style with empathy and verbal comfort (r=.15), deep listening (r=.24), physical and verbal service (r=.16), physical help (r=.33) and solidarity (r=.21). To conclude, there is a relationship between perceived parental behavior and prosocial behavior in schoolchildren. / Tesis

Introducción: El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los niveles de bienestar psicológico con los niveles de cada estilo de crianza en las madres de niños preescolares de Lima. Método: Se utilizó la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (BIEPS-A) adaptada por Domínguez (2014) y el Cuestionario de Dimensiones y Estilos de Crianza adaptada por Velásquez y Villouta (2013). La muestra estuvo conformada por 180 madres de niños preescolares de Lima, las edades oscilaron entre 21 y 53 años con un promedio de edad de 34 años. El tipo de investigación es cuantitativa con diseño transversal descriptivo-comparativo. Resultados: Se encontró que no existen diferencias significativas entre la comparación de los niveles del bienestar psicológico y los niveles de cada estilo de crianza, sin embargo, existe cierta prevalencia a utilizar un estilo autoritativo. Asimismo, se encontró que las madres de 21 a 25 años tienden a presentar un mayor bienestar psicológico a diferencia de los otros grupos. Conclusión: Existe cierta tendencia en las madres a utilizar en mayor medida el estilo autoritativo con un nivel bajo de bienestar psicológico. / Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological well-being and parenting styles of mothers of preschool children in Lima. Method: The Psychological Well-being Scale (BIEPS-A) adapted by Domínguez (2014) and the Parenting Dimensions and Styles Questionnaire adapted by Velásquez and Villouta (2013) were used. The sample consisted of 180 mothers of preschool-age children from Lima, the ages ranged from 21 to 53 years with an average age of 34 years. The type of research is quantitative with a descriptive-comparative cross-sectional design. Results: It was found that there are no significant differences between the comparison of psychological well-being and parenting styles, however, there is a certain prevalence of using an authoritative style. Likewise, it was found that mothers between 21 and 25 years of age pretend to have greater psychological well-being than the other groups. Conclusión: There is a certain tendency for mothers to use the authoritarian style to a greater extent with a low level of psychological well-being. / Tesis

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan unga vuxnas psykiska hälsa och upplevelsen av deras föräldrars föräldrastilar under barndomen. Studien utgick ifrån de fyra föräldrastilarna auktoritativ, auktoritär, tillåtande och försumlig. För att undersöka detta formulerades fyra olika påståenden om att det fanns ett positivt samband mellan samtliga föräldrastilar och psykisk hälsa/ohälsa bland unga vuxna. Det formulerades även ett femte påstående: att sambandet mellan föräldrastilar och unga vuxnas psykiska hälsa var starkare bland män än kvinnor. Studien genomfördes med kvantitativ metod och tvärsnittsdesign. I urvalet ingick 128 studenter från Högskolan i Skövde (86 kvinnor, 40 män och två som uppgav annat som kön) med ålder mellan 18 och 29. Via högskolans olika student-facebookgrupper fick respondenterna svara på en enkät bestående av tre delar. Den första delen täckte bakgrundsfrågor om kön och ålder. Den andra delen användes mätinstrumentet S-EMBU, för att mäta upplevelsen av föräldrabeteende/föräldrastilar, och i den tredje delen ingick mätinstrumentet GHQ-12, för att mäta generell psykisk hälsa. Resultaten visade att finns ett starkt samband mellan unga vuxnas mentala hälsa och deras upplevelse av sina föräldrars föräldrastilar under barndomen. De auktoritativa och tillåtande föräldrastilarna hade en positiv inverkan på unga vuxnas mentala hälsa, medan den auktoritära och försumliga föräldrastilen hade en negativ inverkan. Studien fann också att effekten av föräldrastilar på mental hälsa varierade beroende på kön, där sambandet var starkare bland kvinnorna än bland männen. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between young adults' mental health and their experiences of their parents’ parenting styles during their childhoods. The study was based on the four parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and negligent parenting styles. To investigate this, four different claims stating that there was a positive relationship between all the parenting styles and mental health/mental illness among young adults were formulated. A fifth assumption claiming that the relationship between parenting styles and young adults' mental health was stronger among men than among women was also constructed. The study was conducted using a quantitative method and cross-sectional design with a study sample consisting of 128 students from the University of Skövde (86 women, 40 men and two who didn’t identify by either gender) with ages ranging between 18 to 29 years. The respondents were asked through the university's various student Facebook groups to partake in answering a questionnaire consisting of three parts. The first part covered background questions about gender and age. The second part used the measuring instrument S-EMBU to measure the experience of parenting behavior/parenting styles, and the third part included the measuring instrument GHQ-12 to measure general mental health. The results showed a strong relationship between young adults' mental health and their experiences of their parents' parenting styles during childhood. The authoritative and permissive parenting styles had a positive impact on young adults' mental health, while the authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles had a negative impact. The study also found that the effect of parenting styles on mental health varied by gender, with the relationship being stronger among women than among men.

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The main aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between parenting styles, as used by the pre-school parent and the social behaviour of the five-year old. Specific attention was given to three main parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. The eight developmental perspectives applicable for the five-year old were also discussed. The research was conducted according to the quantitative approach. The Parental Styles Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) was completed and returned by a sample of 30 parents (N=30) from Evergreen Pre-primary in Gauteng. The representative sample of five-year olds being observed by the teacher were 24 pupils (N=24). The teacher rated the five-year olds' behaviour using the Behavioural Questionnaire (BQ). These results indicated primarily that the Authoritative Parenting Style was most used by the parents of the five-year old group and that this Parenting Style tends to lead to more acceptable social behaviour among the five-year olds. / Social Work / M. Diac.(Play Therapy)

The main aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between parenting styles, as used by the pre-school parent and the social behaviour of the five-year old. Specific attention was given to three main parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. The eight developmental perspectives applicable for the five-year old were also discussed. The research was conducted according to the quantitative approach. The Parental Styles Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) was completed and returned by a sample of 30 parents (N=30) from Evergreen Pre-primary in Gauteng. The representative sample of five-year olds being observed by the teacher were 24 pupils (N=24). The teacher rated the five-year olds' behaviour using the Behavioural Questionnaire (BQ). These results indicated primarily that the Authoritative Parenting Style was most used by the parents of the five-year old group and that this Parenting Style tends to lead to more acceptable social behaviour among the five-year olds. / Social Work / M. Diac.(Play Therapy)

The aim of this study was to ascertain the role of parental influence and, in particular, the parenting style on the development of academic responsibility in adolescence. The measurement instrument used to gauge the level of responsibility an adolescent attains was the evaluation of the individual's academic results in relation to a specific parenting style. Academic achievements were seen as a reflection of the individual's positive or negative behaviour towards his/her academic responsibilities and requirements. The research was done by means of a literature study and empirical research. The initial sample of participants consisted of adolescents between the age of fifteen and seventeen years. These individuals completed a questionnaire, which required their biographic details, their perceptions of their parents' parenting styles and their academic results. Two v learners were selected to participate in an in-depth study. One of the learners achieved academically, the other was a poor academic achiever. These individual's parenting styles to which they had been subjected, as well as their academic performances were evaluated. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Specialising in Guidance & Counselling)

This research was undertaken to analyse and evaluate the nature and quality of the role of parents in terms of the development of emotional intelligence in their adolescents. The results of this study indicate that emotional intelligence does appear to be higher in adolescents who have been exposed to a caregiver whose predominant style of parenting is that of an emotion coach. Parenting style therefore, appears to be related to a nurturant interaction with open communication and empathy. The adolescents who displayed less of the characteristics of emotional intelligence and experienced a low self-concept, perceived their primary caregivers as less empathetic, as communicating their emotions less effectively and as less able to put strategies into place to deal with their emotions. The researcher recognised limitations of the research and made recommendations on ways in which parents and adolescents can create more suitable environments for the development of emotional intelligence. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

The purpose of this study was to gain an awareness of the behavioural characteristics, physical mannerisms and relational techniques exhibited by young adolescent girls in South Africa who may be susceptible to, or have been traumatised by being bullied. A literature study and an empirical investigation were conducted to establish whether victims of bullying have distinct personality traits, as well as to determine if specific parenting styles affect the vulnerability of their adolescent daughters. The effectiveness of bullying prevention strategies in adolescent relationships was also explored. A questionnaire was developed to ascertain how adolescents perceive victims of bullying. Eight semi-structured interviews using photographs and a cartoon as projective techniques were conducted with victims to gather data and to enrich the findings. This study has demonstrated that international research about victimisation is pertinent to South African children. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)

Interactional and contextual models have been conceptually proposed in understanding parental influences on children. Yet, empirical model testing has been limited. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of parenting style on child social competence using structural equation modeling in a sample of 544 Chinese families with 6-9 years old children, mainly singleton, residing in Nanjing, China. Five latent models were tested: (a) the direct model between parenting style and child social competence, (b) child temperament as a moderator, (c) parent-child relationship as a mediator, (d) the interaction model between parenting style and family functioning, and (e) bidirectional models of parenting style concurrently with parent-child relationship, and family functioning predicting child social competence. Findings showed: (a) The direct relationship between parenting style and child social competence was significant in both parents with authoritative parenting style on the positive direction, whereas authoritarian and permissive parenting styles on the negative direction; (b) child temperament did not moderate parenting style on child social competence; (c) father-child relationship mediated paternal parenting style on child social competence, whereas maternal parenting style did not; (d) family functioning neither moderated nor mediated the relationship between parenting style and child social competence for both parents; and (e) The four-factor prediction models on child social competence turned out to be unidirectional. For the mothers, the best model was from family functioning to mother-child relationship, to maternal parenting style, and finally to child social competence. Maternal parenting style was the significant proximal factor. For the fathers, it was from family functioning to paternal parenting style, to father-child relationship, and then to child social competence. Father-child relationship had the direct impact, whereas the influence of paternal parenting style was distal through father-child relationship. Findings from this study suggest that the Chinese parents should use more authoritative and less authoritarian and permissive parenting, and develop good parent-child relationships in the daily interactions with their children. Future studies need to use larger and better data to validate these models, or to extend the findings with other important child variables to explore the child's active agency.