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Catholic parochial elementary schools in the United states are normally governed by the pastor of the local parish and under a local-executive governance model. Despite pastors’ paramount role in the governance of Catholic parochial elementary schools they often lack the training, interest, or time to fulfill their roles. This qualitative study explored pastors’ perspectives on the local-executive governance model, where governance of the school is local and the pastor is the sole executive of the school. This dissertation included interviews with nine pastors in a diocese on the west coast of the United States. The study explored how pastors’ view their roles at their parochial schools. The pastors were asked about their views on their spiritual, education, and managerial roles at their parochial schools. Findings indicated that pastors enjoyed their spiritual roles at their schools but chose to delegate many of their financial, human, and academic responsibilities to the school principal. The findings supported the need for Catholic schools to explore other options in school governance beyond the local-executive governance model and to shift more authority from pastors to qualified laypersons.

Throughout my years of architecture education I have become more and more aware that we are connected with architecture from the very first moments of our life. Architecture, an important part of our environment, affects our experiences, feelings, memories, and ultimately the decisions we make. To exploring the connection between architecture and the human experience was the intention for my thesis. Whether positive or negative, everything created or done by man has an affect on his environment. Some people are more aware of their architectural environment some are less but at the end we all life with it and have at least an unconscious impression of it. Based on these impressions and the consciously experienced details of our environment, of events we have feelings and make judgments and decisions. The nice dinner on a Friday night which makes you feel comfortable and good, it is a result of the whole environment of the place where you have dinner. Not only the room temperature, your company, your table neighbors, the restaurant staff, the expectations of the coming weekend but more important the dimensions of the space that make it feel grand or intimate, the way sound sticks to the walls or bounces off them giving life to the space, or the way a single beam of light can show you the beauty of colors and materials. / Master of Architecture

Cette thèse de doctorat étudie les profits engendrés par l’accomplissement des sept œuvres de miséricorde à Lille dans les trois derniers siècles du Moyen Âge. Au sein du comté de Flandre, Lille est une ville étonnamment calme par rapport à ses voisines néerlandophones et relativement peu étudiée. Lille a connu l’autorité successive des comtes de Flandre, des rois de France puis des ducs de Bourgogne. En 1237, la comtesse Jeanne de Constantinople y fonde pour le salut de son âme un hôpital fortement doté, destiné à accueillir le plus grand nombre possible de pauvres. Au tout début du XVIe siècle, la densité des institutions charitables est forte dans la ville puisque celle-ci compte, pour 25 000 habitants (hypothèse très haute), seize hôpitaux, un orphelinat en gestation pour les garçons ainsi que sept charités paroissiales. En plus de ces institutions, il faut ajouter les nombreuses aumônes accomplies par les particuliers. Les secours aux pauperes Christi sont au cœur de nombreux dispositifs mémoriels. Les institutions charitables constituent de véritables enjeux économiques tant par leurs richesses, qu’elles replacent sur les marchés, que par leurs besoins en denrées et en main-d’œuvre. Une enquête prosopographique montre que leur gestion permet à ceux qui ne peuvent faire partie du Magistrat pour des raisons politiques ou familiales, de trouver malgré tout une place utile et honorable dans la société. In fine, l’étude montre que le contrôle – même indirect – des institutions charitables représente un enjeu politique entre les bourgeois et leurs gouvernants et renforce aussi les liens qui les unissent. / This PhD thesis concerns the profits generated by the accomplishment of the seven works of mercy in Lille, during the last three centuries of the Middle Ages. Within the County of Flanders, Lille is a quiet astonishing town, especially compared to its Dutch-speaking neighbours. Its case has only seldom been studied. Lille was successively ruled by the counts of Flanders, the kings of France and the dukes of Burgundy. In 1237, Countess Joan of Constantinople founded for the sake of her soul, a hospital that she endowed a lot. The goal of the institution was to welcome as many pauperes Christi as possible. At the very beginning of the 16th century, the density of charitable institutions in a 25 000 inhabitants town (a generous hypothesis) was very high, with 16 hospitals, one orphanage in developement, seven parochial charities and numerous alms made by individuals. The goal of helping the pauperes Christi was at the heart of numerous memorial devices. Charitable institutions constituted an important economic issues, due to their wealth and needs in goods and workforce. A prosopographical research shows that their management allows people who could not participate to the Magistrat to obtain an honourable place into the society. Finally, this study shows that the control of charitable institutions – even if indirect – does not only represent a political issue between citizens and their rulers but reinforces their connections.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-21T14:23:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 revista_pequeno.pdf: 22625487 bytes, checksum: 56de3f117d192dfa44e1c2c31d1bb67c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-21T14:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 revista_pequeno.pdf: 22625487 bytes, checksum: 56de3f117d192dfa44e1c2c31d1bb67c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A pesquisa tem como objeto O Pequeno Luterano, impresso produzido com objetivos educacionais definidos e explícita perspectiva doutrinária, vindo a se constituir como um dos principais veículos pedagógicos de que se valeu o Sínodo de Missouri (atual Igreja Evangélica Luterana do Brasil/IELB), entre o período de 1930 e 1960. Caracterizando-se por um empreendimento destinado a crianças com vistas à formação do futuro fiel adulto, o periódico obteve grande repercussão por onde circulou. Este estudo, abrangendo a circulação na região meridional do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, vale-se de depoimentos e documentos impressos, em especial o conjunto de periódicos disponibilizados para leitura em diferentes acervos, perfazendo um total de aproximadamente 2.339 paginas. A análise de dados está alicerçada em referenciais teóricos advindos basicamente de dois autores: Roger Chartier - no que se refere a apropriação, produção e circulação do impresso; e Michel de Certeau, no que se refere aos conceito de estratégias (empreendimento dos editores) e táticas (diferentes formas como leitores se apropriaram da proposta estabelecida pelos editores). Como procedimento operacional, o conteúdo de cada periódico foi processado e transferido para um banco de dados, adaptado a partir de software existente para outros fins, criando-se Unidades e Subunidades de análise. Ainda como procedimento metodológico, a pesquisa vale-se da memória de sujeitos envolvidos com o periódico no período delimitado para esta investigação, coletando significativos depoimentos que ajudam a responder não só as questões iniciais que desencadearam a pesquisa, como também aquelas que foram emergindo ao longo do percurso investigativo. Entre as conclusões, cabe ressaltar que o impresso, ao adotar o locus da escola paroquial, e mais tarde o da escola dominical, bem com ao propor criativas estratégias planejadas e executadas em cada período, reforçou a sua legitimação por décadas. Embora conteúdos religiosos e doutrinários se sobrepuseram aos conteúdos lúdicos, estes constituíram estratégias fundamentais na conquista de leitores, em especial ao colocar leitores em interação com a revista e/ou com demais leitores. O conjunto de dados também permite concluir sobre o eficiente uso da revista nos processos de educação formal, não como material didático planejado, e sim como um veículo de leitura, continuamente legitimado pelos respectivos pastores e professores. Apesar das táticas de escape dos leitores- por exemplo, não fazendo uso do conteúdo conforme os editores previam - é possível afirmar que, de modo geral, o projeto da revista foi cumprido, constatando-se pelos depoimentos colhidos que ainda hoje muitos leitores dão continuidade a leituras produzidas e/ou recomendadas pelo Sínodo. / This research intends to analyze O Pequeno Luterano, a printout produced with clear educational purposes and explicit doctrinaire perspective, constituting itself as one of the main pedagogical vehicles used by the Missouri Synod (Brazils Lutheran Church nowadays), in the period between 1930 and 1960. The periodical was characterized as an undertaking assigned to children aiming the formation of the future adult believer and gained great repercussion where it circulated. This study comprehends the periodical circulation in the southern area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and takes support on testimonies and printed documents, especially the group of periodicals available to reading in different documentary collections, totalizing nearly 2.339 pages. The data analysis is supported on theoretical referentials of two authors: Roger Chartier regarding the printout appropriation, production and circulation and Michel de Certeau, considering the concepts of strategies (editors undertaking) and tactics (different ways of how readers borrow the propositions set by the editors). The operational procedure used consisted in process the content of each periodical and transfer it to a database adapted from a software originally created for other purposes. In this adaptation, it was constituted unities and sub unities of analysis. This research also relies on the memories of the subjects involved with the periodical during the period investigated. These testimonies were very useful to answer the original questions which started the investigation as well as those which emerged along the investigative path. Among the conclusions, its important to emphasize that the printout reinforced its legitimation by adopting the parochial school (and later, the Sunday school) locus, as well by proposing creative strategies planned and fulfilled in each period. Although religious and doctrinaire contents overlapped ludic contents, the ludic contents constituted fundamental strategies to gain readers, especially by placing readers in interaction with the periodical and/or with other readers. The group of data also allows to set conclusions on the efficient periodical use in the formal education processes, not as planned didatic material, but as a reading vehicle, permanently legitimated by the respective priests and teachers. Though the readers escaping tactics ? such as not making use of the content according to the editors expectations ? its possible to affirm that in a general way the periodical project was accomplished. Also it was verified on the collected testiomonies that until today many readers continue reading the material produced and/or recommended by the Synod.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2949.pdf: 6936728 bytes, checksum: 49db82cdd194a90eb6bd9e622f8a15ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-11 / The survey, whose object throve institutional relations of church and society mediated by education, aimed to examine the remains of catechesis and education materialized in the Franciscan parish schools established in Goias in the first half of the twentieth century. These institutions intregraram Franciscan missionary project of two American religious orders: the Friars Minor (1944) and the Sisters of Allegany (1946). The theoretical assumptions of cultural studies and historical research located in the field of educational institutions guided search fundamentals. The research methodology documentation, which was essentially the basis for the analysis of empirical data. The specific object of catechesis, education and society, had the contribution of sociological theory and historical interpretation for the variables of social and economic context in which they entered the missionary and educational analyzed. Among the findings from the route and analysis, remains indicated that the Catechesis and Education Taught at the altar and in the classroom, they would have supported the project of evangelization and sacralization, strengthening the movement for renewal of the Roman Church and the new Christianity in Brazil . Uniquely, the consolidation of the Franciscan missionary work led to the syncretism of religious practices and the likely eclecticism of pedagogical practices and school strongly marked by active methods, in contrast to the structure and format of traditional religious order. The originality with the Franciscans not only spread their missionary project also defined as agreements and mediations with local realities, through the educational and catechetical work, resulted in the demarcation of spaces and competitors alike and the coexistence of the diverse. / A pesquisa, cujo objeto vicejou as relações institucionais da igreja e sociedade mediadas pela educação, teve por objetivo analisar os vestígios da catequese e da educação franciscanas materializadas nas escolas paroquiais criadas em Goiás na primeira metade do século XX. Estas instituições intregraram o projeto missionário franciscano de duas ordens religiosas americanas: os Frades Menores (1944) e as Irmãs de Allegany (1946). Os pressupostos teóricos dos estudos culturais e da pesquisa histórica situada no campo das instituições escolares orientaram os fundamentos da pesquisa. A metodologia da pesquisa documental foi, essencialmente, a base para o levantamento dos dados empíricos. As especificidades do objeto catequese-educação-sociedade, tiveram o aporte da teoria sociológica e histórica para a interpretação das variáveis do contexto social e econômico no qual se inseriu a obra missionária e educativa analisada. Dentre os achados resultantes do percurso e das análises, os vestígios indicaram que a Catequese e a Educação ministradas no altar e na sala de aula, teriam sustentado o projeto de evangelização e sacralização, fortalecendo o movimento de renovação da Igreja romana e da nova cristandade no Brasil. De modo singular, a consolidação da obra missionária franciscana levou ao sincretismo das práticas religiosas e no provável ecletismo de práticas pedagógicas e escolares fortemente marcadas por métodos ativos, contrastando com a estrutura e o formato tradicional da ordem religiosa. A originalidade com que os franciscanos não apenas disseminaram o seu projeto missionário como também definiram acordos e mediações com a realidade local, por meio das ações educativas e catequéticas, resultaram na demarcação de espaços concorrentes e similares e na coexistência do diverso.

Dieses Buch verdankt sein Entstehen zwei Gründen. Zunächst ist es die Absicht, die an versteckter Stelle befindlichen Urkunden und Aktenabschriften des historischen Pfarrarchivs St. Nikolai der Fachwelt zugänglich zu machen. Außerdem möge diese Urkundensammlung dazu beitragen, die überregionale Bedeutung der Stadt Geithain weiter aufzuhellen und ihren Platz in der Landesgeschichte zu festigen. Insofern richtet sich das Buch sowohl an den interessierten Historiker als auch an den gebildeten Laien. Es enthält eine Fülle von Ereignissen zur Stadt- und Landesgeschichte der Mark Meißen bzw. des Herzogtums Sachsen vom 12. bis zur Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts, die in der Mehrzahl bisher noch nicht im Druck vorliegen.

Dieses Buch verdankt sein Entstehen zwei Gründen. Zunächst ist es die Absicht, die an versteckter Stelle befindlichen Urkunden und Aktenabschriften des historischen Pfarrarchivs St. Nikolai der Fachwelt zugänglich zu machen. Außerdem möge diese Urkundensammlung dazu beitragen, die überregionale Bedeutung der Stadt Geithain weiter aufzuhellen und ihren Platz in der Landesgeschichte zu festigen. Insofern richtet sich das Buch sowohl an den interessierten Historiker als auch an den gebildeten Laien. Es enthält eine Fülle von Ereignissen zur Stadt- und Landesgeschichte der Mark Meißen bzw. des Herzogtums Sachsen vom 12. bis zur Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts, die in der Mehrzahl bisher noch nicht im Druck vorliegen.

Les grilles de lecture classiques sur la trajectoire sociopolitique du continent africain sont souvent pessimistes. Elles semblent avoir de beaux jours devant elles puisque l’histoire contemporaine montre une Afrique perpétuellement instable politiquement, traversée par des guerres civiles et des démocraties émergentes sous tension à l’approche des élections.Ce travail invite à une réflexion et une perspective scientifique alternatives, autour d’un pays comme le Bénin. Depuis son indépendance, il n’a pas connu la violence létale, facteur d’un état social « chaotique et pathologique » entraînant un gros volume de destructions et de catastrophes, pour les biens comme pour les individus. Cette thèse relie et articule plusieurs points : l’imaginaire collectif, la relation à l’autre, l’idée que les habitants ont de l’appartenance à un ensemble nommé Bénin, les symboles à l’actif du pays, le travail de socialisation à une communauté de sens et le processus de pacification. Les tensions d’un niveau infra-létal existent mais restent jusqu’à présent contenues. Elles sont les contingences de la construction d’une société politique et traversent certaines étapes de son histoire sociopolitique.Notre démarche théorique favorise une réflexion globale autour de l’interaction entre la double altérité ‒ on est toujours un "autre" pour "l'autre" ‒ et la question de la paix, principalement à l’intérieur d’un pays comme le Bénin. Les profils identitaires ne sont jamais les mêmes à travers le temps et l’espace. Mais au-delà des écarts différentiels, le fait qu’un espace favorise l’émergence des identités collectivement partagées rend probable tout processus de pacification. Dans la mise en œuvre de celui-ci, l’idée du Bénin devient ainsi plus forte que le Bénin lui-même, entité d’abord voire surtout substantielle. Les Béninois ne sont pas en paix parce qu’ils auraient nécessairement la même couleur de peau, la même histoire, une langue commune. Pour nous, même en l’absence de ces trois critères, la paix reste accessible. Pour le démontrer, trois années sur le « terrain » (2007-2010) ont constitué le temps fort de la recherche empirique. Nous avons mené une centaine d’entretiens et réalisé des focus group au sein des communautés où la question de l’identité partagée est mise à l’épreuve quotidiennement. Cette étude doctorale est ainsi un compte rendu des résultats obtenus et des analyses proposées. / Classical perspectives on the socio-political trajectory of the African continent are often pessimist. They will mostly remain so for some time to as contemporary history reveals a continent continually riddled with political instability and wracked by civil wars, whilst emerging democracies are subjected to tensions at the onset of elections. This work offers a reflection and an alternative scientific perspective by focusing on Benin. Since its Independence, Benin has not experienced lethal violence or pathological social chaos causing immense destruction and disaster. This thesis addresses and links several issues: a collective memory, relationships to other people, the idea that residents belong to a unity called Benin; the existence of symbols that benefit national consciousness; socialization aimed at achieving a sense of community; and a peace process. Tensions were at low lethality levels were present and still exist but have so far been limited. They characterize the contingent stages of a political society and its political history.Our theoretical approach privileges a general reflection on: the interaction between duality and otherness – there is always on “other” for an “other” – and the issue of peace; here (within a country), and elsewhere (abroad). Identity profiles are never the same across time and space. But beyond various differences, the fact that space promotes the emergence of collectively shared identities possibly contributes to the peace process. During the implementation of the peace process, the idea of Benin becomes stronger than Benin itself; an entity which is, first of all, substantive in nature. The Beninese are not in peace just because they have the same skin colour, the same history or a common language. Three years of field research (2007 – 2010) constituted the most important period of the empirical research that was used to demonstrate this. About a hundred interviews were conducted and focus group discussions were held within communities where the issue of shared identity was a daily problem. This doctoral study is therefore an account of results obtained and proposed analyses.

Cette étude constitue une interprétation de la philosophie de la logique de W. V. Quine à l’aune de ce que nous considérons comme étant un problème fondamental qui la gouverne et dont on peut considérer qu’elle en constitue une réponse. Ce problème a trait à la compatibilité entre logique et paroissial. Il admet la formulation condensée suivante : soit il y a un sens à dire que la logique est paroissiale, mais alors le paroissial se trouve être une restriction et est en droit éliminable ; soit le paroissial n’est pas une restriction et est inéliminable, mais alors il n’y a aucun sens à dire que la logique est paroissiale. Le problème se nourrit de ce que la qualification de la logique comme paroissiale fait l’objet d’une revendication explicite et délibérée par Quine, i.e. n’est ni de l’ordre d’une concession, ni de l’ordre d’un moment argumentatif dialectiquement résorbable. En d’autres termes, Quine revendique et cherche à se donner les moyens de revendiquer ce contre quoi une conception « universaliste » de la logique comme celle de Frege lutte, ordonnée qu’elle est à un présupposé ou une prémisse anti-paroissialiste d’unicité de la logique. Affirmer que Quine cherche à se donner les moyens de revendiquer la paroissialité de la logique, c’est dire qu’il prit tout à fait au sérieux les arguments anti-psychologistes de Frege contre toute conception paroissiale de la logique. Plus généralement,cette étude et la lecture de la conception quinienne de la logique que nous y proposons sont organisées par le principe d’une lecture frégéenne de Quine : si nous voulons comprendre ce que signifie de dire que la logique est paroissiale chez Quine, alors il faut revenir à Frege, que ce soit par la manière dont Quine s’y oppose ou par la manière dont il s’approprie certains thèmes et principes fondamentaux de la conception frégéenne de la logique. Cette étude consiste alors à mettre au jour et à examiner les raisons et les modalités de la revendication par Quine d’une paroissialité de la logique. Tout en étant ordonnés au traitement du problème de l’incompatibilité apparente du paroissial et de la logique, les cinq chapitres qui la composent parcourent successivement la critique de « Truth by Convention » du projet syntaxique de Carnap et de son principe de tolérance (chapitre 1), la philosophie de la notation logique de Quine (chapitre 2), le point de vue anthropologique en matière de logique que Quine fait sien (chapitre 3), le critère d’engagement ontologique (chapitre 4) et, enfin, la définition substitutionnelle de la vérité logique (chapitre 5). / This study is an interpretation of W.V. Quine’s philosophy of logic taken as an answer to what we consider to be a fundamental problem. This problem has to do with the compatibility between logic and parochial. It can be briefly expressed in the following manner: either that there is sense in saying that logic is parochial, but the parochial therefore happens to be a restriction and could be eliminated, or that the parochial is not a restriction and could not be eliminated, but that there is thus no sense in saying that logic is parochial. The problem is fueled by the fact that Quine explicitly and deliberately claims logic to be parochial. Such a qualification is neither a concession nor an argumentative moment that could be dialectically reduced. In other words, what Quine claims – and is seeking means to claim – is precisely that which a “universalist” conception of logic like Frege’s challenges, since it assumes an anti-parochial premise concerning the uniqueness of logic. Quine seeks means to claim the parochiality of logic in the sense that he seriously considered Frege’s anti-psychologist arguments against all parochial conceptions of logic. More generally, this study – and the understanding of Quine's conception of logic that it promotes – follows the principle of a Fregean reading of Quine: if one wants to understand what it means to say that logic is parochial in Quine, one has to go back to Frege, either through Quine’s opposition to him or through his appropriation of certain themes and fundamental principles of the Fregean conception of logic. Connected to the problem of the apparent incompatibility of logic and the parochial, the five chapters contained within this study successively explore the criticism of Carnap’s syntaxical project and of its principle of tolerance found in “Truth by Convention” (chapter 1); Quine’s philosophy of logical notation (chapter 2); the anthropological point of view in logic that Quine makes his own (chapter 3); the criterion of ontological commitment (chapter 4) and the substitutional definition of logical truth (chapter 5).