La presente investigación, de tipo descriptiva correlacional, permitió analizar la relación que existe entre la comprensión lectora y la resolución de problemas algebraicos en alumnos del primer año de secundaria de la Institución Educativa San Andrés Anglo Peruano, durante el año 2014. Para ello, se trabajó con una muestra de 62 alumnos de primer año de secundaria. Para medir el nivel de comprensión lectora de los alumnos, se les aplicó la Prueba de Complejidad Lingüística Progresiva (CLP 7 – FORMA A) de los autores Alliende, Condemarín y Milicic, adaptada por Delgado et al en el 2012. De la misma manera, para medir el nivel de resolución de problemas algebraicos de los estudiantes, se aplicó una prueba diseñada por la autora de la investigación, cuya validez de contenido fue obtenida a través de criterio de jueces y para su confiabilidad se utilizó el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach. Para relacionar los puntajes de la comprensión lectora con los puntajes de la resolución de problemas algebraicos, se utilizó la prueba estadística de la correlación de Pearson, cuyos resultados demuestran la existencia de correlación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables comprensión lectora y resolución de problemas algebraicos.

In recent years a number of important studies have emerged that focus on the lives of the human agents who operated in the early-modern book trade. This marks a scholarly shift away from the technologies of book production towards the figures who operated, profited from, and helped to shape, print technologies and their related products. In this critical movement the identities of printers, publishers, and booksellers have come to matter, both in terms of our understanding of what constitutes ‘print culture,’ and in efforts to narrativise the history of the book. However, although scholars have become increasingly familiar with a critical vocabulary that links early-modern print with textual transience, and the archive with paradigms associated with absence, disputation, and authenticity, biographies related to the lives of book-trade professionals have tended to privilege the representational stability of the documentary evidence we use to reconstruct past lives. This thesis aims to address this critical vacuum by analysing the life and career of one highly controversial, although critically neglected, 17th-century printer, Henry Hills (c. 1625-1688/9). By drawing together methodologies associated with bibliography, the history of the book, and the study of literatures, the thesis seeks to self-reflexively respond to the absences, doublings, missing or fabricated texts, revisions, accretions, and amendments that seem to mark, and have come to shape, the story of Hills’ life. Theories and approaches associated with the materiality of early-modern lives, critical biography, and the archive are used to fully explore the way Hills functioned both in his own time and after as a metonymic figure who has been actively written and rewritten with different historically specific agendas in mind. Ideas of elusiveness, how his contemporaries struggled to represent Hills, and the problem of locating him in the documentary evidence, are also investigated. In the process this thesis casts new light not only on Hills but on the 17th-century printing trade and the printer as a cultural emblem, 17th-century history and culture, and the way we research lives in the early modern period. Each of the chapters of this thesis discusses archival sources that critical biography and bibliography have traditionally looked to for biographical details of Hills’ life. These include a Particular Baptist confession-cum-conversion account entitled The Prodigal Returned, said to have been composed by Hills in 1651 while he served a prison sentence in the Fleet for adultery. I also discuss three accounts of Hills’ high-profile conversion to Catholicism in the mid-1680s, which were authored between 1684 and 1733. The thesis provides a detailed analysis of a conspiracy story, first published in 1697, which posthumously cast Hills as a key player in a bibliographical scandal that is said to have taken place in 1649. I also pay close attention to Hills’ last will and testament, a document that spawned a number of very public legal contestations amongst members of the Hills family. Through a close, historicised reading of these materials, this thesis adds new discussions of the way in which Hills was read and contested by his contemporaries, later historians, and bibliographers, and throughout I retain a sense of the highly mediated nature of the evidence we use to reconstruct Hills biographically, while stressing his importance in the cultural imagination of the period.

The thesis deals with the development of the register in the years 1883 - 1993. Real estate always played a very important role in human life and therefore their ownership played the key role. Not all the periods were favourable to property rights. This is a theme that is still current today, and each of the citizens can get acquainted in the practical life with the land register, which inter alia, contains the documents of the previous registers. That was one of the reasons why I chose this theme. Another reason was my not only professional, but also my private interest in the development of the real estate register. The purpose of the thesis is not to submit the coherent interpretation of the fabric. There are outlined the various important periods of the development of the real estate register in the thesis, including constitutionally-legal development of the ownership right. The core part of the work describes the individual principles and their development in the registers of real estate. The core part of the thesis describes the individual principles and their development in the register of real estate. There is also described in detail the contents of the land register and the contents of the register of real estate, because of the differences in the registration of property. Overall, the...

As diretivas antecipadas de vontade para o fim da vida são documentos que expressam os desejos da pessoa relacionados aos procedimentos que podem ser aplicados a ela em uma situação de assistência médica no fim da vida. Nesse sentido, as diretivas são úteis para informar as equipes de assistência médica a respeito dos tipos específicos de tratamento que o paciente permite, ou não permite, quando não estiver apto a manifestar suas vontades em uma hipotética situação futura de incapacidade. Este tipo de documento foi elaborado nos Estados Unidos na década de 1970, e foi introduzido no ordenamento ético brasileiro pela Resolução 1995/2012 do Conselho Federal de Medicina. O objetivo desta dissertação é estudar essa norma ética sob o enfoque do direito penal, uma vez que as diretivas antecipadas de vontade para o fim da vida possuem uma íntima relação com a ortotanásia e a eutanásia, que são passíveis de sanção penal no Brasil. Assim, é fundamental analisar as diretivas antecipadas utilizando as ferramentas da doutrina penal, e princípios como os da dignidade humana e razoabilidade. O objetivo é pesquisar as qualidades, imperfeições e limites das diretivas antecipadas sob o ordenamento jurídico nacional, e também compreender as bases legais das diretivas antecipadas, que são os institutos da autonomia e do consentimento. Concluímos que, ainda que as diretivas antecipadas de vontade sejam uma norma ética bem-vinda, demandam algumas melhorias e refinamentos, que poderiam ser representados pelos planejamentos antecipados de tratamentos, um tipo de documento direcionado aos valores de vida das pessoas. Além disso, uma mudança de paradigma relacionada à eutanásia, particularmente a eutanásia passiva e a ortotanásia, no sentido de descriminalizá-las, seria importante para que as diretivas antecipadas tenham eficácia no Brasil. / Advance directives for dying patients are documents which express personal desires related to procedures that may be applied to people in a situation of medical assistance in the end of life. In this sense, they are useful to make health assistance teams know about what kind of specific treatment the patients permit, or do not permit, when they are not able to communicate their wishes in a hypothetical and future situation of disability. This kind of document was created in the United States in the seventies, and entered Brazilian ethical law by Resolution 1995/2012 of the Federal Council of Medicine. The aim of this dissertation is to study this ethical rule by means of the criminal law, because advance directives have a close relation to euthanasia and ortothanasia, which are prone to criminal sanction in Brazil. Therefore, it is paramount to analyze the advance directives using the doctrinal tools of criminal law and principles like human dignity and reasonability. The goal is surveying the qualities, inadequacies and limits of advance directives under Brazilian law, and also to understand the legal basis of the advance directives, which are the institutes of autonomy and consent. We concluded that, although advance directives for dying patients are a welcome ethical law, it demands some improvement and refinement, which could be represented by the advance care planning, a kind of document that is focused on the life values of people. Furthermore, a change of paradigm related to euthanasia, particularly passive euthanasia and ortothanasia, in the direction of making them apart of criminalization, would be vital to promote the adequate efficacy of the advance directives in Brazil.

Este trabalho partiu da percepção de que a transferência de tecnologia das universidades para o setor produtivo pode ser mais intensa e eficaz no Brasil. Em primeiro lugar, defende-se a importância desse processo, levantando os benefícios que podem ser gerados a todos os envolvidos, direta e indiretamente, e também as barreiras que impedem esse tipo de parceria. Exemplos brasileiros e estrangeiros são utilizados para ilustrar as possibilidades. A revisão bibliográfica inclui ainda um levantamento de fatores de sucesso, e um breve estudo das atribuições do Escritório de Transferência de Tecnologia, mecanismo bastante utilizado para fomentar o processo. Pelo lado prático, este trabalho utiliza o princípio da análise de valor, a abordagem funcional para partir de 3 casos de parcerias de sucesso e traçar um modelo genérico da transferência de tecnologia, que mostre as funções essenciais ao sucesso desse processo. Esse modelo, por não ser específico de uma ou outra situação, pode ser aplicado a outros casos para auxiliar a encontrar falhas, ou seja, funções que não são adequadamente cumpridas, e concentrar esforços para melhorias. / This work started from a perception that the level and effectiveness of technology transfer from universities to industry can be increased in Brazil. First, the importance of this process is highlighted, bringing up the potential benefits to all parties involved, directly and indirectly, and also the barriers posed to this kind of partnership. The possibilities are illustrated by examples, Brazilian and foreign as well. The review also includes the success factors, and a brief analysis of the Technology Transfer Office, which is very common as a means to improve the process. On the practical side, this work uses the base principle of the value analysis, the functional approach to take off from 3 successful partnerships and develop a generic model of the technology transfer, showing the essential functions to the success of this process. Since this model is not specific to any situation, it can be applied to other cases to help find flaws, that is, functions that are not adequately met, and then focus the efforts dedicated to improve the process.

O objetivo da presente dissertação é analisar a relação estabelecida entre o estabelecimento de ensino superior privado e seus alunos, principalmente quanto à qualidade do serviço educacional prestado. Por se tratar de uma relação de consumo, a prestação de serviços educacionais sem a observância do padrão de qualidade, conforme previsto na Constituição Federal, pode caracterizar vício do serviço, o que resultaria na responsabilidade do fornecedor, nos termos do Código de Defesa do Consumidor. No que concerne à aferição da qualidade do serviço prestado, entendemos que a utilização dos indicadores quantitativos provenientes das avaliações realizadas pelo Estado não é adequada, uma vez que desconsidera os elementos subjetivos envolvidos na prestação de serviços educacionais, importantes no aprendizado do aluno. Finalmente, analisa-se a participação do Estado na ocorrência do vício de qualidade, frente ao seu dever de credenciar e fiscalizar a qualidade do serviço, e em que medida o Poder Público poderia ser responsabilizado. / The objective of the present essay is to analyze the relationship between the establishment of private higher education and its students, mainly towards the quality of educational service which is offered. Because it is about a consume relationship, the educational customer service without the compliance of quality standard, as per the Federal Constitution, can characterize vicious of service, what would result in the suppliers responsibility, according to the terms of the Code of Consumer Defense. Concerning the standardization of quality of service provided, we understand that the use of quantitative indicators from evaluations performed by the State is not adequate, once that it considers the subjective elements involved on the educational customer service, important to the students learning. Finally, we analyze the participation of the State on the occurrence of vicious of quality, concerning its duty of accrediting and supervising the service quality, and at what lever the Public Power could be responsible.

Esta tese de doutorado apresenta os resultados da investigação realizada com jovens estudantes do ensino médio em uma escola particular localizada no distrito do Jabaquara, no município de São Paulo. Seu foco foi especialmente direcionado para as disposições de gênero acionadas por jovens alunas em diferentes episódios que envolviam violências, tanto nos relatos sobre sua socialização na família quanto na escola em questão. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, de natureza qualitativa que procura articular as contribuições de Pierre Bourdieu, no que se refere à teoria de habitus, com os estudos de gênero para a análise das violências vividas e produzidas na instituição escolar. A investigação empírica realizada na instituição escolar utilizou como técnicas para a coleta de dados observações e entrevistas individuais com alunas, alunos e representantes da gestão escolar. Foram consideradas, tanto nas observações quanto nos relatos, as distintas estratégias de sociabilidade utilizadas por garotas e garotos em relação às diversas expressões da violência, com destaque para a estreita relação entre as socializações e as disposições de gênero. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que as socializações na família e na escola (dentre outras agências socializadoras), são responsáveis pela incorporação das disposições de gênero utilizadas pelas/os jovens, tendo na traição um episódio típico tanto de reprodução de padrões tradicionais de gênero quanto de superação dos mesmos. No caso específico da escola particular pesquisada, os dados revelam que estas socializações encontram-se imbricadas ao modo pelo qual a gestão escolar intervém sobre a indisciplina e sobre os conflitos oriundos das relações escolares ou outros conflitos externos que nelas teriam influência. Como resultado, por fim, conclui-se que a combinação entre incorporação das disposições de gênero, estratégias para lidar com as violências e a prática propositiva e dialogada da gestão escolar, configura disposições de cultura que contribuem para a baixa frequência de conflitos físicos na escola. Mas estes recursos não são suficientes para superar a existência de outras expressões de violências no ambiente escolar ou da reprodução de padrões tradicionais de gênero, como as manifestadas no caso de traição analisado. / This doctoral dissertation presents the results of a research with young high school students in a private school located in Jabaquara district, in the city of São Paulo. It focuses specifically on gender dispositions enlisted by young female students in different situations involving violences, according to their accounts about their family and school socialization. This is an exploratory qualitative research that seeks to articulate Pierre Bourdieus theory ofhabitus with gender studies to analyze violences experienced in school and also the ones created by the school institution itself. As method for data collection, the empirical investigation carried out in a private school employed observations and individual interviews with male and female students, as well as members of the school administration. In both observations and interviews, different sociability strategies used by girls and boys regarding the numerous expressions of violence were considered, with focus on the close relationship between socializations and gender dispositions. The results show that family and school (among other socialization agents), are responsible for the incorporation of the gender dispositions utilized by young people. The cheating incident is a typical episode which reveals simultaneously the reproduction and the superation of traditional gender patterns. In the specific case of the investigated school, data show that these socialization processes are intertwined with the way the school administration intervenes on indiscipline and conflicts that emerge from school relations or other outside conflicts that might influence them. The conclusion is that the combination of incorporation of gender dispositions, strategies for dealing with violences and schools proactive dialogic practices has set up cultural dispositions that contribute to the low occurrence of physical conflicts in school. However, these resources are not efficient enough to inhibit other expressions of violences in the school environment or the reproduction of traditional gender norms, as expressed in the cheating case analyzed in this dissertation.

Este trabalho partiu da percepção de que a transferência de tecnologia das universidades para o setor produtivo pode ser mais intensa e eficaz no Brasil. Em primeiro lugar, defende-se a importância desse processo, levantando os benefícios que podem ser gerados a todos os envolvidos, direta e indiretamente, e também as barreiras que impedem esse tipo de parceria. Exemplos brasileiros e estrangeiros são utilizados para ilustrar as possibilidades. A revisão bibliográfica inclui ainda um levantamento de fatores de sucesso, e um breve estudo das atribuições do Escritório de Transferência de Tecnologia, mecanismo bastante utilizado para fomentar o processo. Pelo lado prático, este trabalho utiliza o princípio da análise de valor, a abordagem funcional para partir de 3 casos de parcerias de sucesso e traçar um modelo genérico da transferência de tecnologia, que mostre as funções essenciais ao sucesso desse processo. Esse modelo, por não ser específico de uma ou outra situação, pode ser aplicado a outros casos para auxiliar a encontrar falhas, ou seja, funções que não são adequadamente cumpridas, e concentrar esforços para melhorias. / This work started from a perception that the level and effectiveness of technology transfer from universities to industry can be increased in Brazil. First, the importance of this process is highlighted, bringing up the potential benefits to all parties involved, directly and indirectly, and also the barriers posed to this kind of partnership. The possibilities are illustrated by examples, Brazilian and foreign as well. The review also includes the success factors, and a brief analysis of the Technology Transfer Office, which is very common as a means to improve the process. On the practical side, this work uses the base principle of the value analysis, the functional approach to take off from 3 successful partnerships and develop a generic model of the technology transfer, showing the essential functions to the success of this process. Since this model is not specific to any situation, it can be applied to other cases to help find flaws, that is, functions that are not adequately met, and then focus the efforts dedicated to improve the process.

Esta dissertação abordou a relação de vizinhança entre a comunidade e a Reserva Particular de Patrimônio Natural Passarim - localizada no município de Paulo Lopes, centro-leste do estado de Santa Catarina. Teve por objetivo descrever e analisar criticamente as experiências dos moradores com a paisagem, atendo-se às relações afetivas e de pertencimento ao lugar dos moradores mais antigos, e ao modo como estes se comportaram a partir da chegada do novo uso do solo dado pela RPPN. Partimos da premissa que a RPPN deve estender sua atuação de conservação e desenvolvimento social às comunidades do entorno. Para isto foi adotado como caminho teórico-metodológico a abordagem cultural da paisagem, topofilia e lugar, e procedimentos de coleta de dados empíricos baseados na comunicação oral, aprofundando as analises nas narrativas e práticas dos moradores mais antigos do lugar. O trabalho indica que houve mudança nas práticas produtivas, dos moradores com idades de 45 a 55 anos, que encontra respaldo nos sentimentos afetivos e de pertencimento com o lugar. Estas mudanças de atitudes indicam, em certa medida, uma mudança na forma como percebem a conservação ambiental, através das Unidades de Conservação. Já, no caso dos moradores com idades acima de 70 anos, houve manutenção das práticas e percepções com relação a conservação ambiental, que percebe a terra como fonte de matérias-prima disponível às necessidades de subsistência da família, reafirmando os discursos de negação da conservação ambiental, que tem origem no Parque Estadual Serra do Tabuleiro. A pesquisa apresenta também as influências das dinâmicas externas no processo de transformação do lugar, e quais são as percepções e valores, que os moradores atribuem ao elemento conservação. Revela que são nas experiências da comunidade com o lugar, onde se desenham novas possibilidades de relacionamento com o outro, que se abrem brechas para o desenvolvimento sócio ambiental com bases inclusivas e transformadoras da realidade degradante das formas tradicionais de explorar, e da forma atual de conservar a paisagem. / This dissertation studied the relationship between the local community and RPPN Passarim located in the municipality of Paulo Lopes, East Central of Santa Catarina State. The objective of this thesis is to describe and critically analyze the experience of the rural community with the landscape, especially the relations and the behavior of the older inhabitants concerning the changes in land use by RPPN Passarim. I started with the premise that the RPPN Passarim must extend its conservation actions in social development among the local communities. For this, I adopted a theoretical procedure to approach empirical data collection based on oral communication, deepening the analysis of these narratives and practices of the local residents. Pointing out that there were changes in the productive activities of the residents between the ages of 45 and 55, the thesis reflects the feelings of belonging to this place. These changes in attitudes indicate, in a certain way, a change in the way they view environmental conservation because of the laws of Conservation Units. In the case of the residents over 70 years of age, they have maintained their attitudes and perceptions related to environmental conservation - that the land as a source of prime materials available and necessary for the subsistence of the family. These testimonies reaffirm the denial of the conservation of the environment that has its origin in the creation of the Serra do Tabuleiro State Park. To understand and value the experiences of the residents of Tigela neighborhood was a goal achieved. To point out the influences of the external dynamics on the process of transformation of the place, in which the perceptions and values that the residents attribute to the conservation was my proposal of research. This study reveals the relationship between community and the environment, where the residents learn new possibilities to relate to one another and to the place. This increases the possibility of landscape preservation because the residents have changed the way they view the place that once was only for exploitation purposes.

This study aimed to uncover information about an area on which little published material is available, that is, the area of art education in New South Wales prior to 1940. Because of the lack of published material, much of the information used in this study had to be sought in annual reports on education made to the New South Wales Parliament over the years concerned, and in the educational journals of the period. Some very useful original documents and letters were found in the Mitchell Library and in the New South Wales Archives. It was established that drawing first became part of the curriculum in a few public schools in Sydney in 1854, and that by 1869, drawing was taught in all the primary schools of New South Wales. The drawing system which was introduced was based on the very structured and utilitarian programme of the Department of Science and Art in South Kensington. The first Drawing Master in New South Wales was Joseph Fowles, who had arrived in Sydney from England in 1838. Joseph Fowles was in charge of drawing in the public schools of New South Wales from his appointment in 1854 until his death in 1878. The other two important figures in art education over the period covered by this study were Frederick W. Woodhouse, who was Superintendent of Drawing from his arrival from England in 1889 until his resignation in 1903, and John E. Branch, who was in charge from 1903 until his death in 1933. This study found evidence that the Department of Science and Art in South Kensington played an essential part in establishing the programme of art education in New South Wales from the 1850s until well into the twentieth century. With regard to the contribution made by the three individuals mentioned in the title, the study found that while they played an important role in overseeing the teaching of drawing in the schools, they were not influential in the sense of being able to impose any individual philosophy of art education on the system.