Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Pascoli Rodrigues.pdf: 908380 bytes, checksum: b04e9043b1abeb9d1545257ab28f194d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Louis Pasteur devoted himself to a wide variety of studies during his career. Surrounded by the fame of great genius and benefactor of humanity, Pasteur was linked to major controversy within the scientific community. This thesis deals with some of Pasteur's contributions to the fermentation, putrefaction and reasoning of germ theory of disease, analyzing what was the path taken by the scientist from crystallography to biological conception of disease. It also discusses the position of other scientists in the same period on these subjects. From this research, it was possible to analyze how Pasteur's research transformation took place and what were the arguments and evidence found by him to defend his point of view, that the microorganism was the protagonist of several reactions and transformations of substances and also had influence on other living beings. This work aims to contribute to current studies on Pasteur and his work, which seek to rebuild its image as a great researcher of his time, involved in a large network of scholars, which enabled the development of his investigations / Louis Pasteur dedicou-se a uma grande diversidade de estudos durante sua carreira. Envolto pela fama de grande gênio e benfeitor da humanidade, Pasteur esteve ligado a grandes polêmicas dentro do meio científico. Esta tese trata de algumas contribuições de Pasteur para a fermentação, putrefação e fundamentação da teoria microbiana das doenças, analisando qual foi o caminho percorrido pelo cientista da cristalografia até a concepção biológica das doenças. Discute também a posição de outros cientistas do mesmo período acerca desses assuntos. A partir desta pesquisa, foi possível analisar como se deu a transformação das pesquisas de Pasteur e quais foram os argumentos e evidências por ele encontrados para defender seu ponto de vista, de que o microrganismo era o protagonista de diversas reações e transformações das substâncias e que tinham também influência sobre outros seres vivos. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para os estudos atuais sobre Pasteur e sua obra, os quais visam reconstruir sua imagem como grande pesquisador de sua época, mas envolvido numa grande rede de estudiosos, a qual possibilitou o desenvolvimento de suas investigações

While the development of hagiography over time has long attracted the attention of medievalists, scholars have not fully explored the critical role of the liturgy in prompting and transmitting these changes. This dissertation examines the liturgies for the patron saints of three musical and ecclesiastical centers in medieval Aquitaine: the cathedrals of Saint-Trophime in Arles, Saint-Just-et-Saint-Pasteur in Narbonne, and Saint-Étienne in Toulouse. Through the music, texts, and ritual actions of the liturgy, the clerical communities of these three institutions reinforced some aspects of their patron saint's legendary biography and modified others. Yet the process unfolded differently at each cathedral, revealing the particular preferences of the canons of each community as well as their changing circumstances during the Middle Ages. In Arles, the office for St. Trophime, which was likely composed at the cathedral, shows dramatic changes in the saint's hagiography. The clerics in Narbonne also composed an office for their patron saints but did not substantially change the details of Justus and Pastor's legendary biography. In Toulouse, the canons selected from among the preexisting repertoire of chants and texts available for St. Stephen, crafting liturgies that were particular to Saint-Étienne within a clearly Aquitanian context. By revealing the ways in which the clerics of Saint-Trophime, Saint-Just, and Saint-Étienne shaped the legendary biographies of their patron saints, my work provides new insights into the ways in which clerical communities throughout Latin Christendom shaped and reshaped the hagiographic portraits of their patron saints through the creation, compilation, and celebration of new liturgies.

本研究探討以知識為基礎的產業如何形成與發展而達成產業創新。更特定言，本研究探討基於知識技術以及組織制度結構所產生之權力關係，如何透過行動者與情境條件之互動，以社群型態之集體行動使其發生轉變，進而影響產業創新之結果。 為了凸顯不同的知識特性與情境條件，本研究選擇以台灣的晶圓代工與法國的卡介苗及B型肝炎疫苗為個案，以透過其歷程的描述來瞭解知識社群與創新社群之於產業創新的關係。個案的主要觀察內容包括創新活動權力關係的源由與類型、不同階段集體行動的特性、以及與產業創新效果的關連。 本研究發現創新活動中之存在兩類權力關係，第一類是基於行動者對知識或技術本身之控制或掌握能力，是屬於知識性的權力關係；第二類是基於行動者對該項知識技術得以運用情境之影響能力，為結構性的權力關係。而行動者產生的集體行動，即分別以「知識社群」之共同語言機制轉變基於知識技術的權力關係，以「創新社群」的價值共識過程轉變基於制度結構的權力關係，而促成產業創新。 本研究亦發現社群的形成與既有的權力關係結構有關。而隨著所欲動員於產業創新的資源條件愈龐大，即待轉變的表面權力關係愈為複雜，以社群實現產業創新愈為重要。而知識與創新社群間的互動，特別是反餽的現象，特別有助於產業創新的實現。另知識和創新社群的行動者有重疊之可能，尤其特定的關鍵行動者將同時扮演知識社群與創新社群中的重要角色。 / The dissertation studies the formation and development of communities in industrial innovations of emerging technology. A community is defined as a group of actors that, strongly influenced by their contexts, voluntarily contribute to enforcement of the capability that aims at realizing their common interests. As a specific form of collective actions, the communities are critical in coordinating various actors by gradually shaping the power relations between them, thus smoothing the potential conflicts during the relatively radical innovation. In the study, two cases are chosen for observing the communitarian processes. The first case is the semiconductor foundry in Taiwan. The second one is the vaccine industry in France. The later further comprises two subcases. One is BCG innovations. The other is the vaccine anti-hepatitis B. Based on a prior case study and literature reviews, two types of communities are proposed to examine the two case studies. The first type of communities is a “knowledge community” in which innovative actors contribute voluntarily in creation and diffusion of knowledge centered at the specific technological innovation. The second type is an “innovation community” in which innovative actors from different sectors contribute together to the application of the specific technology. The study found that a technological power relation that is from the incapability of controlling an emerging technology or of controlling those who own the technology is a barrier to industrial innovation. the knowledge community is capable of transforming a technological power relation, via the formation and diffusion of a common language, for realizing the industrial innovation. It reveals that a structural power relation that is from the actors’ ignorance or resistance to the application of an emerging technology is a barrier to industrial innovation. The innovation community is capable of transforming a structural power relation, via the formation and diffusion of a common value, for realizing the industrial innovation. Moreover, the larger the distance that a surface power relation is from its realistic power relation, that is, the more the disequilibrium of a power relation has, the more efforts are required for a community to contribute in industrial innovation. On the other hand, the more the positive feedbacks between a knowledge community and an innovation community, that is, the more the outcomes of the knowledge community that enhance a common value of the innovation community, and the more the outcomes of the innovation community that enhance the diffusion and deepening of a common language of the knowledge community, the easier the realization of an industrial innovation. Finally, a key actor as a community member has a strategic meaning that the key actor reacts to deepen a common language or to increase a common value so as to facilitate the formation and development of a knowledge community or an innovation community, thus realizing the industrial innovation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Sloboda Pacheco da Silva.pdf: 1156375 bytes, checksum: 324c106867ec83c316571b6d690720b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Vaccination is a relevant scientific development that became a means for disease prevention and conservation of the state of health of large populations. In 1798, Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine by subjecting to experimental testing the hypothesis that inoculation of cowpox matter passed to and among humans protected against smallpox. Later on, in 1888, Louis Pasteur applied the method of passages between different animal species to attenuate infectious matter of various diseases and tested the effectiveness of the resulting vaccines. The aim of the present study was to identify continuities and discontinuities in the development of vaccines for nearly one hundred years within various contexts like the mythical-religious, the empirical and the medicalscientific. The study of the scientific work performed in Pasteur s laboratory allowed us map the development of the concepts of vaccine and vaccination, as well as to outline changes in the methods to elaborate vaccines for avian cholera, anthrax and rabies. In addition, we were able to locate common elements in Jenner and Pasteur s ideas and methods, to wit, passage of infectious matter between species, attenuation of virulence via interspecific inoculation, non recurrence of disease in vaccinated individuals, and verification of the immunizing action of vaccines / O desenvolvimento de vacinas é uma importante elaboração científica que veio a se constituir como ferramenta para a prevenção de doenças e conservação da saúde populacional. Edward Jenner, em 1798, desenvolveu a vacina antivariólica, postulando e submetendo a teste experimental a hipótese da proteção humana dada pela inoculação do material varioloso bovino através de passagens da vaca para humanos e entre diversos seres humanos. Mais tarde, em 1888, Louis Pasteur utilizou o método das passagens entre diversas espécies animais para atenuar o material infeccioso, ensaiando e comprovando a eficácia de suas próprias vacinas. Esta tese teve o objetivo de identificar permanências e rupturas no desenvolvimento das vacinas em quase cem anos, abordando diferentes contextos, tais como o mítico-religioso, o empírico e o propriamente médico-científico. Especificamente, com o estudo do trabalho científico fornecido por Pasteur, mapeamos o estabelecimento dos conceitos de vacina e vacinação e delineamos a transformação dos métodos de formulação das vacinas contra a cólera aviária, o carbúnculo e a raiva. Através desta pesquisa também, investigamos alguns elementos comuns entre Jenner e Pasteur, a saber: a passagem da mesma doença entre diferentes espécies, a atenuação da virulência pela passagem interespecífica, a verificação da não recidiva da doença nos indivíduos vacinados e a constatação do efeito imunizante da vacina

Les conditions d’exercice du ministère pastoral dans la France réformée du régime de l’édit de Nantes (1598-1685) sont encore mal connues. Le cas précis de Paul Ferry (1591-1669), pasteur à Metz de 1612 à sa mort, permet d’entrer dans le monde des « ministres de la Parole de Dieu » au XVIIe siècle. Cette étude tente d’approcher l’analyse des formes et des modèles de la carrière pastorale. Ils sont religieux et confessionnels bien sûr, mais également politiques, sociaux, culturels et intellectuels. Perceptibles à plusieurs échelles, les contours du ministère s’observent localement, mais également à une échelle nationale, voire internationale, grâce à un exceptionnel réseau de correspondance. Le ministre, type de clerc radicalement différent du prêtre catholique, doit toujours assurer les fidèles de leur Salut dans leur foi, surtout par la prédication, mais aussi par l’administration des sacrements et par l’acculturation, en tentant d’imposer la morale et la discipline réformées. Même la vie « privée » du pasteur est une modalité d’édification de son troupeau et donc une action pastorale. Il doit en effet donner l’exemple d’une bonne vie chrétienne, notamment parce qu’il n’est plus ontologiquement différent des fidèles depuis la révolution du sacerdoce universel. Il agit également en défenseur de sa communauté en se muant en guide politique et en porte-parole de son Église, notamment face à la controverse catholique et face aux pouvoirs, mais aussi en historien, en écrivain, ou en directeur de collège. Par toutes ces diverses fonctions assumées au nom de son ministère, Ferry constitue un modèle, parfois contesté, de pasteur sous le régime de l’édit de Nantes. / Relatively little is known about the way the pastoral ministry was exercised in France during the period of the Edict of Nantes (1598-1685). The case of Paul Ferry (1591-1669), who became pastor at Metz in 1612 and remained there until his death in 1669, makes it possible to enter into the world of the « ministers of the Holy Word » in the seventeenth century. This study attempts to analyze the forms and models of the pastorate. These are not only religious and confessional, but also political, social, cultural and intellectual. The impact of the minister could be felt at different levels, ranging from the local to the national and, due to an exceptional network of correspondence, even to the international. The Reformed pastor, a cleric who differs radically from the Roman Catholic priest, has the duty continually to reassure the members of his congregation in their faith and about their salvation. He does so especially in the preaching, but also in the administration of the sacraments, and as well as by way of acculturation in imposing Reformed morals and discipline on his flock. Even the « private » life of the pastor can be considered as a form of edification, and therefore as a pastoral act. It is the pastor’s duty to give an example of the good Christian life, especially since with the Reformation’s emphasis on the priesthood of all believers he is no longer ontologically different from his congregation. The pastor can also assume the role of protector of his congregation as a political guide and church spokesman, in particular in face of Catholic polemics and powers, or else the role of a historian, writer, or rector to a collège. In that Ferry assumed all of these functions by virtue of his position as minister, he can – notwithstanding the opposition he at times encountered from within his own consistory – be considered a model of those pastors who exercised their ministry under the Edict of Nantes.

La crédibilité des Églises évangéliques a été mise à rudes épreuves par les temps qui courent si l’on se fie à ce qui est rapporté autant dans la presse écrite que dans la presse parlée à la grandeur du pays. L’un des principaux facteurs alimentant la quasi totalité des opinions négatives sur ces lieux réputés être « lieu de la rencontre entre les croyants et le Divin », c’est le manque de rigueur dans la gestion de leurs différentes activités. En dépit des rumeurs et des soupçons, certaines Églises essaient de se démarquer des mauvaises pratiques qui ne font que miner la réputation de la plupart d’entre elles. Afin d’amener les lecteurs sur des pistes éclairantes, je vais problématiser et proposer, de façon succincte, les différentes étapes du contrôle de gestion dans une Église évangélique grâce à l’observation et à l’analyse de cette pratique. Mon observation portera sur une Église, en particulier, qui en est à sa douzième année de fonctionnement et qui connaît une importante croissance au fil du temps. En tant que Pasteur de cette Église, tout en m’inspirant de mes expériences personnelles dans la gestion de diverses équipes d’employés dans la Société de Transport de Montréal (STM) , je vais esquisser les grands traits des valeurs privilégiées qui ont été à la base de ce succès. / If it is possible to trust the information reported as much in the print media as in the speaking press in our days, to the size of the country, the credibility of the evangelic Churches was put in hard test. When we consider what has been identified to be as one of the man factors feeding most of the negative opinions on these renowned places to be « space of the meeting between believers and the Divine », it is the rigorous lack in the management of their various activities. We are agreed to say that in spite of the rumours and the suspicious certain Churches are trying the best of what to be done in order to distance themselves from bad practices which are undermining the reputation of most of them. My intent is to bring the readers on enlightening tracks by proposing briefly the various steps of the strategic management control in an Evangelic Church through the observation and the analysis of this practice. That observation will set its focus on a particular Church, which is in its twelfth year of functioning and which now experiencing an important growth over the time. As Pastor of this organization I will try to refer to my managerial working experience with several teams of employees in the « Société de Transport de Montréal » (STM)2 in order to outline the privileged values which were at the root of this success.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sabrina Pascoli Rodrigues.pdf: 875300 bytes, checksum: 66664297b23253c6407081e34fa819d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nowadays, in general, the chemist Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) takes all the credit for the researches that led to the production of the vaccine against hydrophobia. This dissertation deals with Pasteur s contributions concerning this subject, from 1879 to1885, taking into account its context. It also discusses the contributions from the veterinary Pierre Victor Galtier (1846-1908) and the physician Émile Roux (1853-1933). The aim of this research is trying to elucidate the existence of a possible superiority or priority concerning some important contributions related to rabies considering Pasteur, Galtier and Roux s publications on the subject during the period. This dissertation contains an introduction and four chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of Pasteur s researches before carrying out his researches on rabies, as well as its scientific context. Chapter 2 discusses the researches on rabies did by Galtier (1846-1908). Chapter 3 analyses the researches on rabies conducted by Pasteur and his collaborator, Roux. Chapter 4 presents some final remarks on the subject. This study led to the conclusion that the vaccine against rabies is the product of several scientists work such as Galtier, Roux and Pasteur. Besides that, it pointed out that Pasteur s contribution on the subject was not so significant as it is normally thought. Galtier and Roux should have achieved recognition indeed. Moreover, the popular version of this episode cannot be explained only taking into account Pasteur s scientific contributions on the subject / Hoje em dia, geralmente, é o químico Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) quem recebe o crédito pelas pesquisas que levaram à produção da vacina anti-rábica. Esta dissertação trata das contribuições de Pasteur sobre o assunto durante o período compreendido entre 1879 e 1895, levando em conta seu contexto. Discute também as contribuições do veterinário Pierre Victor Galtier (1846-1908) e do médico Émile Roux (1853-1933). O objetivo desta pesquisa é procurar elucidar a existência de uma possível superioridade ou prioridade em relação a importantes contribuições relacionadas à raiva considerando as publicações de Pasteur, Galtier e Roux sobre o assunto no período. Esta dissertação contém uma introdução e quatro capítulos. O Capítulo 1 oferece uma visão geral das pesquisas de Pasteur que antecederam seus estudos sobre a raiva, bem como seu contexto científico. O Capítulo 2 discute as pesquisas sobre a raiva feitas por Galtier (1846-1908). O Capítulo 3 analisa as pesquisas sobre a raiva desenvolvidas por Pasteur e seu colaborador, Roux (1853-1933). O Capítulo 4 apresenta algumas considerações finais sobre o assunto. Este estudo levou à conclusão de que a vacina contra a raiva é o produto do trabalho de vários cientistas tais como Galtier, Roux e Pasteur. Além disso, indica que a contribuição de Pasteur sobre o assunto não é tão significativa como se pensa geralmente. Certamente Galtier e Roux mereciam ter recebido um maior reconhecimento por suas contribuições. Além disso, a versão aceita popularmente sobre este episódio não pode ser explicada somente através das contribuições científicas de Pasteur

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:04:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao solange.pdf: 308864 bytes, checksum: 6d208eb9890e9b29544895e6ba02d4ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-20 / The aim of this analytical study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dry heat as a sterilizing equipment in dental offices with regard to: the packing of the load, the time and temperature used, the use of biological and chemical monitoring in the sterilization control as well as the performing of preventive maintenance. The data were obtained from 101 dental offices in the Central District of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, through the following procedures: use of check-list and interview; checking the temperature of the dry heat and performing the biological monitoring.The results showed that most of the people in charge of the article sterilization in dry heat performed it without the folowing proceedings proclaimed by Health Ministry: adequate package disposal, monitoring by accessory thermometer, performance of indicated cycles and accomplishment of preventive maintenance. The results also showed that the most significant intervening factors for the quality of sterilization were both the no accomplishment of chamber monitoring by accessory thermometer and time/temperature relationship indicated for sterilization cycle. In addition, dry heat was not effective for 46 (45,5%) dental offfices investigated, confirming other studies which concluded that dry heat is an equipment susceptible to sterilization failure and its effectiveness is close related to the accomplishment of the proclaimed loading and sterilization which depend on human action. / Este estudo analítico objetivou avaliar a eficácia da estufa de Pasteur como equipamento esterilizante em consultórios odontológicos com relação: ao acondicionamento da carga, tempo/temperatura utilizados, uso de testes químicos e monitoramento biológico no controle da esterilização e à prática de manutenção preventiva. Os dados foram coletados em 101 consultórios odontológicos no Distrito Central de Goiânia-Goiás-Brasil, por meio dos seguintes procedimentos: uso de check-list e entrevista, aferição da temperatura da estufa de Pasteur e realização de teste com indicador biológico. Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria dos responsáveis pela esterilização dos artigos em estufa, realizam-na sem a padronização das seguintes condutas preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS): disposição correta dos pacotes, monitoramento por termômetro acessório, realização de ciclos indicados e de manutenção preventiva. Revelaram, também, que os fatores intervenientes com maior significância à qualidade da esterilização foram: não-realização de monitoramento das câmaras por termômetro acessório e as relações tempo/temperatura indicadas para o ciclo de esterilização. Além disso, a estufa de Pasteur não foi eficaz para 46 (45,5%) consultórios odontológicos pesquisados, confirmando, outros estudos, que este equipamento é suscetível ao insucesso da esterilização e sua eficácia está intimamente relacionada ao cumprimento dos parâmetros preconizados, os quais dependem da ação humana.

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2018-2019 / Le Refuge Notre-Dame de la Merci a ouvert ses portes en décembre 1931. Tenu par les Sœurs du Bon-Pasteur de Québec jusqu’en 1972, l’établissement fait office de prison pour femmes à Québec. Ce mémoire vise à cerner les méthodes d'intervention de la Congrégation des Sœurs du Bon-Pasteur de Québec auprès des prisonnières, et ce, au regard des caractéristiques des femmes incarcérées qui influencent les modèles de réhabilitation proposés par les religieuses. Le Refuge, tout en s’inscrivant dans le réseau d’institutions développées par les Sœurs du Bon-Pasteur depuis 1850, est une institution judiciaire qui vise la répression de la déviance féminine et la réhabilitation des femmes selon les représentations de la féminité et des rôles féminins en vigueur au milieu du XXe siècle. L’institution fournit plusieurs formes d’assistance envers les femmes, donnant aux prisonnières des services peu accessibles autrement avant l’étatisation des services sociaux dans la décennie 1970. L’étude trace également un portrait de la déviance féminine représentée à la prison de Québec à partir des registres d’écrou de l’institution. Les Sœurs du Bon-Pasteur, employées du gouvernement provincial dans ce contexte, disposent d’un pouvoir d’action non-négligeable dans l’organisation de l’horaire quotidien des détenues et dans l’implantation d’activités réhabilitatrices. La teneur de ces activités, axées sur la pratique religieuse et l’apprentissage de travaux ménagers, reste fortement influencée par des stéréotypes genrés déterminant des comportements prescrits, tout en favorisant la diffusion des connaissances spécialisées et l’adoption d’une éthique de travail utiles pour les femmes à leur sortie de prison.