Trata-se de estudo descritivo com abordagem de análise quantitativa que tem por objetivo identificar o perfil de clientes portadores de angina pectoris instável atendidos numa instituição privada, de um município do interior paulista. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o modelo de “Campo de Saúde” de Lalonde que analisa elementos como a biologia humana, meio ambiente, estilo de vida e organização dos serviços de saúde diante da ocorrência de patologias. A amostra constituiu-se de 58 clientes, com idade entre 34 e 88 anos, de ambos os sexos, a maioria aposentados, que reinternaram na Unidade Coronariana da referida instituição, no período de 01 de setembro de 2002 a 31 de março de 2003. A coleta de dados se deu no domicílio dos clientes, através de entrevista semi-estruturada; aplicada pela pesquisadora. Quanto à biologia humana 32,7% clientes apresentaram obesidade; os pais destes tiveram como causa mortis o infarto agudo do miocárdio e angina pectoris com índices de 24,1% e 20,7%, respectivamente; os antecedentes familiares mais freqüentes quanto às patologias foram a ocorrência de infarto agudo do miocárdio em 22,4% dos pais e hipertensão arterial sistêmica em 41,3% dos parentes próximos; 84,4% clientes possuíam hipertensão arterial sistêmica; 46,5% eram hipercolesterolêmicos; 27,5% tiveram doença vascular periférica e 17,2% apresentaram quadro de acidente vascular cerebral; valores de PAS≥140 mmHg e PAD≥90 mmHg, identificados em 71,1% e 55,7% dos clientes, respectivamente; além de valores de glicemia de jejum >110 mg/dl apresentados por 34,5% da amostra. Com relação ao meio ambiente, 55,1% dos clientes possuíam 1º grau incompleto e 8,6% eram analfabetos; 82,7% dos clientes eram casados, 65,5% não exerciam atividade remunerada e tinham renda familiar entre 03 e 06 salários mínimos. No que concerne ao estilo de vida, 100% dos clientes relacionaram a doença com fatores de risco como a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, o estresse, história familiar, dieta inadequada, tabagismo e falta de atividade física; 24,1% referiram o consumo de bebida alcoólica; 55,2% eram ex-fumantes; 37,9% dos clientes realizavam atividade física; 48,3% referiram fatos ocorridos antes da dor anginosa; 55,2% dos clientes relataram alterações de sono; inatividade sexual em 43,1% dos clientes sendo que 88,0% das clientes já estavam na menopausa e apenas 13,6% faziam terapia de reposição hormonal. No tocante ao atendimento de saúde, todos os clientes eram conveniados mas apenas 13,8% dos clientes utilizavam o serviço de medicina preventiva disponibilizado pelo convênio para prevenir doenças; o serviço de saúde pública é referência para a amostra no tocante à aquisição de medicamentos. Os achados confirmaram a interferência dos elementos referenciados pelo modelo de “Campo de Saúde” na ocorrência das patologias e identificaram a necessidade de trabalhar a mudança no estilo de vida dos clientes, através da prevenção dos fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares e promoção da saúde, em geral. / Descriptive study which was carried out in order to identify customer’s profiles with unstable pectoris angina attended in a Sao Paulo’s state’s town. The theoretical model used was the “Lalonde’s Health Field Model”, which analyses elements like human biology, environment, lifestyle, and health services’ organization ahead diseases occurrences. The sample was composed by 58 customers, aged between 34 and 88 year old, masculine and feminine, most of them retired, which were readmitted in a the mentioned Coronary Unity’s institution. The data were collected at the customer’s residences and a semi- structured interview was used. Concerning about human biology, 32.7% male customers presented obesity; the parents died under acute infarct and pectoris angina and the percentual was 24,1% and 20,7%, respectively. The most common relatives’ diseases were related to the parent’s acute infarct (22,4%) and systemic arterial hypertension for the near relatives; 84.4% of the costumers suffered by systemic arterial hypertension; 46.5% had high cholesterol; 27.5% had peripheral vascular diseases and 17.2% demonstrated cerebral vascular accidents. Values like PAS≥140mmHg and PAD≥90 mmHg, identified in 71,1% and 55,7% among the customers, respectively; beyond glycemia’s values over 110mg/d, presented by 34,4% among the costumers. According to the environment, 55,1% customers didn’t study high school and 8,6% were illiterate; 82,7% were married and among them 65.5% didn’t have remunerate activity and their familiar remuneration was between 03 and 06 Brazil’s minimum salary. Related to the life style, 100% customers related the disease with risk factors’diseases as systemic arterial hypertension, stress, family history, inadequate diet, smoking and physical activity’s lack; 24,1% referred alcoholics drinks consume; 55,2% were ex-smokers; 37,9% practiced physical activity; 55.2% related sleeping problems; 43,1% related sexual inactivity and among them 88,0% female costumers already had menopause and only 13.6% were doing hormonal replacement therapy. About health services, all the costumers were had health policies but only 13.8% customers had used preventive medicine. The public health service is a reference in medicines’ acquisition. The data confirm the mentioned health field model elements in the happening of diseases and identify the need of working on changes in the costumers’ life style, through risk factors prevention for the cardiovascular diseases and health promotion.

Ett stort antal personer insjuknar varje år i kranskärlssjukdom, vilket inkluderar angina pectoris. Sjuksköterskan behöver ha goda kunskaper om hur patienter med angina pectoris erfar olika symptom relaterat till sjukdomsbilden, samt hur patienter anterar och lever med sin sjukdom. Detta för att kunna ge bästa stöd och arbeta på ett personcentrerat sätt. Syftet var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att leva med angina pectoris. Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie vilken grundades på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar vilka analyserades och sammanställdes. Resultatet visade att patienter med angina pectoris har olika erfarenheter av sjukdomen. Tre teman framkom i resultatet; Patienters erfarenheter av smärta och obehag, Patienters erfarenheter av stress och oro samt Patienters erfarenheter av stöd. Då befintlig forskning mer generellt inriktas på patienter med kranskärlssjukdomar, behövs mer specifik forskning där situationen för patienter med angina pectoris belyses.

Introdução. A necessidade de melhorar a acurácia do teste de esforço determinou o desenvolvimento de escores, cuja aplicabilidade já foi amplamente reconhecida. Objetivo. Avaliação prognóstica do coronariopata estável por meio de um novo escore simplificado ao ser comparado com o escore de Hubbard. Métodos. Um novo escore foi aplicado em 372 coronariopatas bi ou triarteriais, 71,8% homens com idade média de 59,5+9,07 anos, randomizados para angioplastia, revascularização cirúrgica e tratamento clínico, com seguimento de cinco anos. O óbito cardiovascular foi o desfecho primário. O infarto do miocárdio não-fatal, e o óbito e re-intervenção formaram o desfecho combinado secundário. O escore baseou-se em uma equação previamente validada, resultante da soma de um ponto para: gênero masculino, história de infarto, angina, diabetes, uso de insulina e ainda um ponto para cada década de vida a partir dos 40 anos. Para o teste positivo foi adicionado um ponto. Resultados. Ocorreram 36 óbitos (10 no grupo angioplastia, 15 no grupo revascularização e 11 no grupo clínico), p=0,61. Observou-se 93 eventos combinados: 37 no grupo angioplastia, 23 no grupo revascularização e 33 no grupo clínico (p=0,058). Duzentos e quarenta e sete pacientes apresentaram escore clínico 5 pontos e 216 pacientes 6 pontos. O valor de corte >5 ou >6 pontos identificou maior risco, com p=0,015 e p=0,012, respectivamente. A curva de sobrevida mostrou uma incidência de óbito após a randomização diferente daquela com escore 6 pontos (p=0,07), e uma incidência de eventos combinados diferente entre pacientes com escore <6 e 6 pontos (p=0,02). Conclusão. O novo escore demonstrou consistência na avaliação prognóstica do coronariopata estável multiarterial / Introduction. The need to improve the exercise testing accuracy, lead the development of scores, which applicability were already widely recognized. Objective. Prognostic evaluation of stable coronary disease throughout a new simplified score. Methods. A new score was applied in 372 bi or triarterial coronary patients, 71,8% men mean age 59,5+9,07 years, randomized for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and clinical treatment, with 5 years follow-up. Cardiovascular death was considered the primary outcome. Non-fatal myocardial infarction, death and re-intervention were considered the combined secondary outcome. The score was based on a previously validated equation, resulting from a sum of one point score for: male gender, infarction history, angina, diabetes, use of insulin and one point score for each decade of life after the age of 40 years. Positive exercise testing summed one additional point score. Results. There were 36 deaths (10 in the PCI group, 15 in the CABG group and 11 in the clinical group), p=0.61. There were 93 combined events: 37 in the PCI group, 23 in CABG group and 33 in the clinical group (p=0.058). Two hundred and forty-seven patients presented a clinical score 5 points and 216 patients 6 points. The cut-off point 5 or 6 identified an increased risk, p=0.015 and p=0.012, respectively. The survival curve showed a different death incidence after the randomization when the score reached 6 points or more (p=0.07), and a distinct incidence of combined events between the patients with points score <6 and 6 (p=0.02). Conclusion. The new score showed to be consistent in the prognostic evaluation of stable multivessel coronary artery disease

Bakgrund: Angina pectoris ingår i folksjukdomen hjärt- och kärlsjukdomarvilka i hög grad är relaterade till livsstilsfaktorer. Aterosklerosprocessen ären vanlig bakomliggande orsak. Angina pectoris orsakar patienten stortlidande samt stora kostnader för samhället. Vid personcentrerad vårdengagerar och aktiverar sjuksköterskan patienten i omvårdnaden. Syfte:Syftet var att belysa omvårdnad vid angina pectoris ur ett patientperspektiv.Metod: Metoden var en allmän litteraturstudie där nio artiklar ingick.Databearbetning utfördes enligt Popenoes vägledning för litteraturstudiervilket resulterade i att tre kategorier skapades. Resultat: Databearbetningenresulterade i tre rubriker: upplevelse av omvårdnad som förmedlar trygghet,upplevelse av att ha en kommunikation med sjuksköterska samt upplevelseav att få information. I resultatet framgick att patienter upplevde stort behovav en omvårdnad som förmedlar trygghet och information. Kommunikationansågs vara en viktig komponent i relationen med sjuksköterskan.Konklusion: I omvårdnaden av angina pectoris värdesatte patientertrygghet, information samt en god kommunikation med sjuksköterskan.Därför är det viktigt för sjuksköterskan med aktuell kunskap om anginapectoris och dess omvårdnad samt personcentrerad vård. Nyckelord:Angina pectoris, omvårdnad, patientperspektiv, upplevelse. / Background: Angina pectoris is a cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasculardiseases are public health diseases, largely related to lifestyle factors. Theatherosclerosis process is a common underlying cause. Angina pectoriscauses great suffering for the patient and great costs for the society. Inperson-centered care, the nurse engages and activates the patient in the care.Aim: The aim was to enlighten nursing for angina pectoris from a patientperspective. Method: The method was a general literature study whichincluded nine article. The data processing was carried out according toPoponoe’s guidance, which created three categories. Results: The dataprocessing resulted in three different categories: experience of nursing thatconveys security, experience of communication with a nurse and experienceof receiving information. The results showed that patients experienced agreat need for care that conveys security and information. Communicationwas considered an important component in the relationship with the nurse.Conclusion: In the care of angina pectoris, patients valued security,information and good communication with the nurse. Therefore, it isimportant for the nurse to have current knowledge of angina pectoris and itscare, as well as person centered care. Keywords: Angina pectoris, nursing,patient perspective, experience

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 267-303. / xviii, 304 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Experiments described in the thesis address the anti-aggregatory effects and mechanism of action of the prophylactic anti-anginal agent perhexiline maleate. In particular, it was sought to examine if perhexiline had an anti-aggregatory effect which may contribute to its proven therapeutic efficacy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physiology, 2000

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Abstract To date, most epidemiological studies have shown a weak or moderate association between dental diseases such as periodontal infections, dental caries and tooth loss, and atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, the nature of this association is not known; it may be due to the biological effect of oral infections on initiation or progress of atherosclerosis or it may be non-causal due to determinants in common, either biological or behavioural. Methodological shortcomings, inconsistent results and a lack of definite proof from intervention studies have led to the conclusion that causality between dental diseases and atherosclerotic vascular diseases has not been established. The aim of this study was to produce evidence on the nature of the association between dental diseases and atherosclerotic vascular diseases. The study uses data from the 1966 Birth Cohort of Northern Finland (N = 11,637). The data were collected in 1997–1998, when the cohort members had reached 31 years of age. The respondents were asked through a postal questionnaire about their oral health. In addition, respondents were asked about their general health and oral and general health habits. The response rate was 75.3%. Those who lived in Northern Finland or the capital city region were invited to clinical health examination (N = 8,463). Altogether 5,696 subjects supplied the data, representing 67.3% of those who were invited to the clinical examination. While the study showed an association of self-reported gingivitis, dental caries and tooth loss with the prevalent angina pectoris, it also showed that these self-reported dental diseases were not important determinants for elevated C-reactive protein levels. This suggests that the associations that were found between dental conditions and prevalent angina pectoris are mainly caused by factors other than biological mechanisms related to infection or inflammation. The lack of a biological explanation related to infections or inflammatory processes suggests that other biological mechanisms or biases, including confounding, should be considered as an alternative explanation. However, it must be noted that the possibility that oral infections also contribute to the development of atherosclerosis should not be rejected either.

Kranskärlssjukdom anses vara en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna i världens höginkomstländer och kan idag även benämnas som en folksjukdom som drabbar personer i alla åldrar. Sjukdomen är komplex och delas oftast in i stabil angina pectoris och akut koronart syndrom [AKS]. Riskfaktorer som t.ex. högt blodtryck, höga blodfetter och rökning ökar risken avsevärt för att drabbas av kranskärlssjukdom eller att återinsjukna. Fokus på att reducera dessa riskfaktorer kan förbättra överlevnad, minskar risken för nya kardiovaskulära händelser samt kan förbättra livskvalitén. Det grundar sig bl.a. i sjukvårdens sekundärpreventiva arbete där information och kunskap om riskfaktorer kan leda till livsstilsförändringar. Hjärtrehabiliteringssjuksköterskans roll innebär bl.a. att utbilda och vägleda patienten till livsstilsförändringar utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt och ett individuellt stöd som kan generera hälsofrämjande fördelar. Syftet var att undersöka om patienter med angina pectoris genomfört livsstilsförändringar efter att ha medverkat i ett sekundärpreventivt behandlingsprogram samt beskriva deras upplevelse av den givna informationen. En empirisk intervjustudie med kvalitativ ansats användes, där intervjuer av sju informanter utfördes med hjälp av en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Alla informanter hade nydiagnostiserats med angina pectoris, deltagit i hjärtskola och haft uppföljningssamtal hos hjärtrehabiliteringssjuksköterskan. Det insamlade intervjumaterialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys på en manifest nivå. I resultatet framträdde fyra kategorier; beteendeförändring, önskan om personcentrerad vård, kunskap om att tillämpa egenvård och livsstilsförändringar kan ge hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Första kategorin ”Beteendeförändring” beskrev önskan om förändringar, dels av redan invanda vanor men även skapandet av nya hälsosamma vanor. Det framkom en ökad medvetenhet kring hälsofrämjande vanor men de upplevdes vara svåra att bibehålla och därför fanns en önskan om mer uppföljning från hjärtrehabiliteringspersonal. Nästa kategori var ”Önskan om personcentrerad vård”. Det var önskvärt att den information och utbildning som tillämpades skulle vara personcentrerad och individanpassad då förutsättningarna och behoven hos informanterna var olika. Det kunde då ge trygghet och möjlighet att hantera sin sjukdom men det grundade sig i att det skedde återkoppling från bl.a. hjärtrehabiliteringssjuksköterskan. Nästa kategori, ”Kunskap att tillämpa egenvård” beskrev vikten av information. En välinformerad patient med sjukdomsinsikt gjorde mer livsstilsförändringar och bibehöll dom. Det gav även en motivation till delaktighet i sin egenvård men där kunskap saknades eller informationen inte nått fram gav det motsatt resultat. Den sista kategorin som framträdde var ”Livsstilsförändringar kan ge hälsorelaterad livskvalitet” där betydande faktorer var ett ökat välmående till följd av god psykosocial hälsa. Att stärka känslan av god livskvalitet genom ett helhetsperspektiv. Denna studie visar på att sekundärprevention kräver en personcentrerad vård som utgår från den enskildes behov och förutsättningar. Det grundar sig i en individuell behandlingsplan med en anpassad information som skapar förutsättningar för delaktighet och kunskap och som sin tur kan leda till livsstilsförändringar. Men det kräver även kvalitetsutveckling med tydligare riktlinjer och rutiner kring uppföljning och återkoppling.

Beckman, J & Nilsson, M. Symtom och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet med anginapectoris kopplat till kropp-själ, ur ett genusperspektiv. En litteraturstudie.Examensarbete i Omvårdnad. 15 högskolepoäng .Malmö högskola: Hälsa ochSamhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2009.Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva symtom och hälsorelateradlivskvalitet med angina pectoris ur ett genusperspektiv kopplat tillmänniskodimensionerna, kropp-själ. Metoden som används är sökning av relevantlitteratur databas Pubmed och Cinahl, vilket resuterar i ett urval av kvantitativaartiklar som granskas enligt Polit & Beck (2001). Resultatet i litteraturstudienvisar att män och kvinnor lokaliserar smärta vid angina pectoris oftast på centraltbröstparti men också att det finns skillnader i beskrivningarna av smärtan.Kvinnor beskriver smärtan med känslor så som varm-brännande, orolig mage elleråtstramning i hals nacke. Män beskriver sin smärta som värk ellergenomträngande. Kvinnor upplever att de har mer smärta än männen. När kvinnoroch män får självskatta sin livskvalitet så visar det sig att kvinnor har sämrelivskvalitet jämfört med männen. Resultatet tas upp för diskussion och jämförelsemed sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete, omvårdnadsteorier om lidande ochgenus. / Beckman, J & Nilsson, M. Symtom and health related quality of life with anginapectoris related to body-spirit, from a gender perspective. A litteratur review.Degree Project, 15 Credit Points. Nursing Programme, Malmö University: Healthand Society, Department of Nursing, 2009.The aim of this study is to describe symptoms and health related quality of life ofangina pectoris from a gender perspective - related to the dimensions of human,body-spirit. The applied methodology is search for relevant articles in databasesPubmed and Cinahl. The search gives a selection of quantitative articles that arereviewed according to Polit & Beck (2001). The result of this study shows thatmen and women locate pain from angina often in the central abdominal but alsothat there is a gender oriented difference. Women describe pain with feelings suchas hot-burning, upset stomach or tightness in neck/throat. Men describe their painas ache or throbbing. Women experience that they have more pain than men.When women and men have to estimate their quality of life the study shows thatwomen had lower quality of life compared to men. The results are finallycompared and discussed with nurse caring, theories of care and suffering andgender differences.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlinneADAS.pdf: 1291851 bytes, checksum: 5fde756d2ecc531ed11a95672a54dc25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-20 / The search which it aim was to analyze the Periodontal Disease as a risk factor for the development of the Stable Angina Pectoris. For that, 120 patients (52 blokes and 68 wenches ), ages ranging from 40 to 65 years old, and attended to the Hemodinamic?s Sector of the Natal Hospital Center, showing the historic of Angina Pectoris to accomplishment of cinecoronariografhy. Before the accomplishment of this exam, the patients were submitted to interview, to investigate the possible risk factors for the Cardiovascular diseases , and it was followed of clinical periodontal examination to evaluate the presence of Periodontal Disease. After the cinecoronariography, the patients who presented diagnosis of important arterial obstruction (above 70%) were enrolled to the case grup. However the individuals with arteries free of obstruction, or obstrution below 30%, were considered without historic of Cardiovascular disease and therefore enrolled for the control grup. The groups were paired by the variables age and gender. From the analysis of the results, a did not observed statisticment the significant association between the presence of the Periodontal Disease, probing depth, periodontal attachment level, severity and extension index of the Periodontal Disease, besides the visible plaque index (VPI) an gingival bleeding index (GBI) regarding to the existence of Stable Angina Pectoris. Nevertheless , it was identified statisticment the significant association between the sistemic arterial hypertension , seric level of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides, showing all of them, classic risk factors appointed by the literature. Therefore, it was conclued that Periodontal Disease did not represent association with the StableAngina Pectoris at least among the studied population / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a doen?a periodontal como fator de risco para o desencadeamento da angina pectoris est?vel. Para tanto, foram examinados 120 pacientes (52 homens e 68 mulheres), com idade entre 40 e 65 anos, que compareceram ao Setor de Hemodin?mica do Natal Hospital Center, com hist?rico de Angina Pectoris e que foram submetidos ? cinecoronariografia. Antes da realiza??o de tal exame, os pacientes foram entrevistados para investiga??o de poss?veis fatores de risco ?s doen?as cardiovasculares, seguida de exame cl?nico periodontal para avalia??o dos par?metros relacionados ? doen?a periodontal. Ap?s a realiza??o da cinecoronariografia, os pacientes que apresentaram diagn?stico de obstru??o arterial importante, acima de 70%, foram arrolados para o grupo caso. J? os indiv?duos com art?rias isentas de obstru??es ou obstru??es inferiores a 30%, foram considerados sem hist?rico de doen?a cardiovascular e, portanto, arrolados para o grupo controle. Os grupos foram emparelhados pelas vari?veis idade e g?nero. A partir da an?lise dos resultados, n?o observouse associa??o estatisticamente significativa entre a presen?a da doen?a periodontal, da profundidade de sondagem, do n?vel de inser??o periodontal, dos ?ndices de extens?o e severidade da doen?a periodontal, al?m do ?ndice de de sangramento gengival, em rela??o ? exist?ncia de angina pectoris est?vel. No entanto, identificou-se associa??o estatisticamente significativa entre a hipertens?o arterial sist?mica, o n?vel s?rico de colesterol total, de LDL, de HDL e de triglicer?deos, compreendendo estes os fatores de risco cl?ssicos para a doen?a cardiovascular apontados pela literatura. Portanto, conclui-se que a doen?a periodontal n?o constitui fator de risco para o desencadeamento da angina pectoris est?vel nesta popula??o estudada