Sexuality has an important role in human life and there are many opinions about how to handle questions about sexuality. The attitudes have change over time and differ between different cultures, gender and age. This study deals with the question about youth attitudes to sex and personal relationships and what impact the education in this filed have on the youth. We have also studied how the education is organized. To get answers to these questions we have performed a questionnaire study among 116 students in grade seven to nine in an elementary school in Western Sweden. We have also interviewed two teachers in nature science in high grade and one school nurse. The analyses about the youth attitudes to sex and personal relationship are based on theories about sexuality, gender, socialization, culture differences, globalization, and consumption society. The study shows that the youth in general are equal in their attitudes to sexuality. Nearness, respect, love, self-knowledge are important, regardless gender. The attitudes about intercourse were different between boys and girls. They didn´t value the factors about sexual intercourse in the same way. Internet and sms plays an important role in how come in touch with each other. Boys thought that internet are important in sexual education.

This is a study of the collective identities of Japanese American elderly in a former sugar plantation community in the rural town of Puna, Hawai'i. Investigating their plantation stories in which they remember, evaluate, and represent their past lives on the plantation from the 1920s, to the 1980s, I explore a process of which they collectively delineate their identities in terms of ethnicity, class, generation, and gender. My analysis focuses on the contents as well as the contexts of plantation stories that include their social and cultural circumstances now and then, transitions in the socioeconomic environment in Hawai'i, and historical events that they have gone through. The purpose of this study is to produce an ethnography of remembering that captures ethnographic voice-cultural testimony in which the Japanese American elderly narrate their plantation experience as both an internally-oriented emotional manifestation and an externally-based common understanding of their community. I demonstrate how the Japanese American elderly employ their memories to reconstruct plantation experience and define their peoplehood as the collective identities of plantation-raised Japanese Americans.

The loss of intimacy is a pervasive tale, felt especially poignantly when the particular story, with its plot lines of love and betrayal, soaked as they are in rage and grief, is my own. By inverting the research process, whereby I call upon friends, and strangers who become friends, to assist me in the meaning-making process, this autoethnographic account of the twenty year downward spiral of my now defunct marriage makes tangible the shared project of making sense of intimacy, love and loss. It connects the personal to the social, cultural, and (most especially) the politically gendered nature of heterosexual relationship experience. It speaks of the process that makes it possible for me to tell my story and of the ethical tensions involved in telling a story of

The main idea of the dissertation is the question, what happens to a person when leaving boundaries of his cultural background. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the previous views on the acculturation and the gradual development of the reflections on the process of acculturation. Considering the individual conditions that can contribute to successful acculturation, the use of personality characteristics seems to be limiting and inadequate. Thus, the concept of competencies is introduced as a more relevant approach for research and applied psychology of acculturation. At the same time, family acculturation is presented in its conditions, strategies and results. Only limited attention in psychological research has been dedicated to this domain so far. The empirical part of the thesis further elaborates on the theoretical overview and deals with the question what distinguishes the successful humanitarian workers at the mission abroad in the organization People in need from those who fail and what role in this specific context the family, close personal relationships and social networks play. As a part of the study, there is a demonstration of the individual steps that can be taken when working with competencies outside of the specific case study and the presentation of a specific competence...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Cette thèse vise à analyser les règles et les conditions sociales, institutionnelles et politiques pour l'insertion et la performance professionnelle dans le journalisme. Il est, plus particulièrement, d'identifier les accréditations, les compétences et autres ressources sociales qui guident l'entrée et à la croissance de position en journalisme et comprendre ce que l'importance des investissements professionnels dans la presse propre et l'insertion dans d'autres domaines pour obtenir de telles ressources. Par conséquent, il était nécessaire d'analyser la carrière des journalistes, l'ensemble de ses performances dans la presse et aussi de leurs inserts dans divers domaines, et comment ils rendu possible l'acquisition des ressources qui peuvent être converties en meilleure position dans le journalisme. L'univers empirique qui a servi de base à cette enquête correspond à un groupe de journalistes qui occupent des positions élevées dans la presse de Sergipe. Ils étaient considérés comme des journalistes occupant actuellement des postes de direction journalistique dans des journaux imprimés et des chaînes de télévision, ainsi que d'autres journalistes qui occupaient ces postes récemment. En ce qui concerne ses subdivisions, cette thèse est structurée en trois moments. Tout d'abord, les conditions socio-historiques du journalisme et de l'activité journalistique au Brésil sont analysées. Par conséquent, nous nous concentrons sur les itinéraires professionnels de certains personnages qui se sont consacrés au journalisme à des moments différents, mais aussi dans les processus de formation de la presse en Sergipe et dans d'autres régions du pays. Dans un second temps, nous traitons de l'institutionnalisation du journalisme, ou plutôt du processus de transformation de l'activité journalistique en une profession dotée de règles institutionnelles définies. Les principales ressources analytiques pour ce second moment sont des références bibliographiques traitant de la question dans plusieurs régions, ainsi que des documents et des lois qui nous ont fourni des données sur ce processus au Brésil et, plus particulièrement, dans Sergipe. Enfin, dans la dernière étape, nous avons consacré à retracer les schémas et/ou des modalités d'entrée et montée dans le journalisme cet état. A ce stade, nous cherchons à identifier les compétences et les principales ressources sociales qui définissent l'occupation des positions proéminentes dans cet univers professionnel, et à comprendre les combinaisons de ressources les plus efficaces pour agir dans cet espace. Tout au long de cette thèse, nous nous efforçons de démontrer que les possibilités de montée de position dans le journalisme en Sergipe sont particulièrement liés à la mobilisation des fonds levés dans l'investissement professionnel dans la presse elle-même, comme les réseaux de relations personnelles et certaines compétences développées par les activités dans cet espace. Ou plutôt, sans pour autant négliger l'analyse des origines sociales et titrages scolaires des journalistes considérés, nous comprenons que les ressources liées au développement d'une carrière dans le journalisme sont cruciales pour l'avancement de carrière au sein de la presse à Sergipe et le réseau de contacts et/ou des liens tissés à l'intérieur et même "en dehors" de la presse (espace politique, par exemple) agissent directement comme facteur de différenciation professionnelle dans cet espace. Enfin, le point central de cette thèse est de démontrer que les réseaux de relations personnelles tissées, les compétences et l'expérience acquise par la pratique du journalisme lui-même et d'autres fonds accumulés dans divers inserts jouent un rôle important dans l'entrée, la pratique professionnelle et le développement carrières dans la presse. / This thesis aims to analyze the rules and social, institutional and political conditions for the insertion and professional performance in journalism. More specifically, it is a question of identifying the credentials, competences and other social resources that guide entry and positional growth in journalism and of understanding the importance of professional investment in the press itself and of insertion into other spaces for obtaining of such resources. In order to do so, it was necessary to analyze the careers of journalists, all their activities in the press and also their insertion in different spheres, and how they made possible the acquisition of resources that could be converted into better positions in journalism. The empirical universe that served as the basis for this investigation corresponds to a group of journalists who occupy high positions in the press of the Sergipe. They were considered as journalists who currently occupy positions of journalistic direction in printed newspapers and TV stations, as well as other journalists who have occupied these positions recently. With respect to its subdivisions, this thesis is structured in three moments. First, the socio-historical conditions of journalism and journalistic activity in Brazil are analyzed. In order to do so, we focus on the professional itineraries of some of the characters who dedicated themselves to journalism in different periods, but also in the processes of constitution of the press in Sergipe and in some other parts of the country. In a second moment, we deal with the institutionalization of journalism, or rather the process of transforming journalistic activity into a profession endowed with definite institutional rules. The main analytical resources for this second moment are bibliographical references dealing with the matter in several regions plus documents and laws that have given us data about this process in Brazil and, more specifically, in Sergipe. Finally, in the last stage we are dedicated to outlining the patterns and/or modalities of entry and rise in journalism in this state. At this stage, we seek to identify the competences and the main social resources that define the occupation of outstanding positions in this professional universe, and also to understand the most effective combinations of resources for acting in this space. Throughout this thesis, we strive to demonstrate that the possibilities of positional rise in journalism in Sergipe are especially linked to the mobilization of resources collected in the professional investment in the press, such as the networks of personal relationships and certain skills developed by the acting in this space. Or rather, without neglecting an analysis of the social origins and educational qualifications of the journalists considered, we understand that the resources linked to the development of a career in journalism are determinant for the professional rise in the press space in Sergipe and that the networks of contacts and/or linkages woven inside and even "outside" the press (political space, for example) act directly as a factor of professional differentiation in this space. Finally, the central focus of this thesis is to demonstrate that the networks of personal relationships we have, that the skills and experiences accumulated by the exercise of journalism itself, and that other resources accumulated in diverse insertions play an important role in the entry, the professional exercise and the development of careers in the press. / Esta tese busca analisar as regras e as condições sociais, institucionais e políticas para a inserção e a atuação profissional no jornalismo. Trata-se, mais especificamente, de identificar as credenciais, as competências e os demais recursos sociais que pautam a entrada e o crescimento posicional no jornalismo e de entender qual a importância do investimento profissional na própria imprensa e da inserção em outros espaços para a obtenção de tais recursos. Para tanto, fez-se necessária a análise das carreiras dos jornalistas, do conjunto de suas atuações na imprensa e também de suas inserções em esferas diversas, e de como elas possibilitaram a aquisição de recursos passíveis de serem convertidos em melhores colocações no jornalismo. O universo empírico que serviu de base para esta investigação corresponde a um conjunto de jornalistas que ocupam posições elevadas na imprensa do estado de Sergipe. Foram considerados tanto jornalistas que atualmente ocupam cargos de direção jornalística em jornais impressos e emissoras de TV, como também outros jornalistas que já ocuparam esses postos recentemente. Com relação às suas subdivisões, esta tese está estruturada em três momentos. Primeiramente, são analisadas as condições sócio-históricas da constituição do jornalismo e da atividade jornalística no Brasil. Para tanto, nos centramos nos itinerários profissionais de alguns personagens que se consagraram ao jornalismo em períodos distintos, mas também nos processos de constituição da imprensa em Sergipe e em algumas outras partes do país. Num segundo momento, tratamos da institucionalização do jornalismo, ou melhor, do processo de transformação da atividade jornalística em uma profissão dotada de regras institucionais definidas. Os principais recursos analíticos para esse segundo momento são referências bibliográficas tratando do assunto em diversas regiões acrescidas de documentos e leis que nos forneceram dados a respeito desse processo no Brasil e, mais especificamente, em Sergipe. Por fim, na última etapa nos dedicamos a traçar os padrões e/ou modalidades de entrada e ascensão no jornalismo deste estado. Nessa etapa, buscamos identificar as competências e os principais recursos sociais que definem a ocupação de posições destacadas nesse universo profissional, e também compreender as combinações de recursos mais efetivas para a atuação neste espaço. Ao longo desta tese, nos empenhamos em demonstrar que as possibilidades de ascensão posicional no jornalismo em Sergipe estão especialmente vinculadas à mobilização dos recursos arrecadados no investimento profissional na própria imprensa, tais como as redes de relações pessoais e certas competências desenvolvidas pela atuação nesse espaço. Ou melhor, sem desprezar uma análise das origens sociais e das titulações escolares dos jornalistas considerados, entendemos que os recursos ligados ao desenvolvimento de uma carreira no jornalismo são determinantes para a ascensão profissional no espaço da imprensa em Sergipe e que as redes de contatos e/ou vinculações tecidas dentro e até “fora” da imprensa (espaço político, por exemplo) agem diretamente como fator de diferenciação profissional nesse espaço. Enfim, o foco central desta tese é demonstrar que as redes de relações pessoais tecidas, que as competências e as experiências acumuladas pelo exercício do próprio jornalismo e que outros recursos acumulados em diversas inserções desempenham papel importante na entrada, no exercício profissional e no desenvolvimento de carreiras na imprensa. / São Cristóvão, SE

This study was conducted in a Chinese community located in an academic community in the United States. Ethnographic data were collected from the Chinese community in general and subsequently a close study of ten families who had school aged children was conducted. As international graduate students or visiting scholars, the parents in the families had affiliations with institutions of higher education and lived in the United States temporarily. The purpose of this study was to document, analyze, and find the meanings of the Chinese families' home literacy practices, as well as their strengths and difficulties. Theories of literacy as social and cultural practices led to the study's focus on the social and cultural backgrounds of the parents and their use of home literacy as cultural practices for achieving social goals. This study addressed the following research questions: (1) What are the home literacy practices of a group of Chinese families living in a community in the American society; (2) What are the Chinese parents' perspectives about literacy, schooling, their roles in their children's literacy development, and how have these factors influenced the families' home literacy practices; (3) How have families experienced literacy learning in the American schools, and how have these experiences influenced the families' home literacy practices. This study was ethnographic in methodology. Data were obtained through interviews and participant observation. Analysis of the data showed that the parents, who grew up in Chinese society, formed their views of literacy in that particular sociocultural environment. Those views guided them in home literacy practices. These practices served as a process of cultural transmission. Through home literacy practices, the parents helped their children construct and maintain identity with Chinese culture, traditional social relations, and the values of literacy learning. Home literacy practices also helped the families make adaptations when they came to the United States. When the families came to this country, the host culture posed as challenges to the families' lives. The children's schools served especially as the representative of the new culture to the families. The school culture made a strong impact on the families' home literacy practices. Soon the parents found that what counted as literacy in this new sociocultural environment was different from their previous experiences. They used home literacy practices to help cope with the difficulties they faced. These practices enabled them and their children to negotiate between the Chinese and the American cultures, to help the children function in American schools, and to prepare them return to home country.

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