Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att ge en ökad förståelse för ledningens avsikter och anställdas upplevelse gällande arbetsmiljö i det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret. Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen grundar sig i två områden, fysisk och psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Fysisk arbetsmiljö behandlar i denna studie faktorer som fysisk struktur, färger, ljud, ljus och växter. Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön i studien utgår från karaktärsdrag hos det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret, självständighet och gemenskap. Metod: Metodvalen i denna studie är semistrukturerade intervjuer och observationer. Intervjuerna och observationerna har genomförts på företagen Identity Works och SJ. Personal från ledning och övriga anställda från respektive företag har deltagit i intervjuerna. Empiri: Det empiriska materialet är insamlat från totalt sju intervjuer och två observationer. Två intervjuer har genomförts med personer från arbetsledningen för att ta reda på vad de har för avsikter. Fem intervjuer har genomförts med anställda för att ta reda på hur de upplever det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret. Observationerna har genomförts i syfte att uppleva kontoret och se hur människor arbetar där. Slutsatser: Studien kom kortfattat fram till att ledningens avsikter är att skapa en så bra arbetsmiljö som möjligt för de anställda gällande hur de utformar kontoret, hur de arbetar med ljud och ljus samt vilken inredning och färger de väljer att ha. De anställda upplever det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret som positivt där de upplever en stor självständighet och gemenskap. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to obtain an increased understanding of the management’s intentions and the employees’ experiences of the working environment in activity-based offices. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework is divided in two parts, physical and psychosocial working environment. The physical working environment deals with factors such as physical structure, colors, sound, light as well as plants. The psychosocial working environment includes the characteristics of the activity-based office, autonomy and fellowship. Method: Semi-structured interviews and observations are conducted. The interviews and observations have been conducted at the companies Identity Works and SJ. The interviews have been conducted at both management level and with the employees at both companies. Empirics: The empirical material is collected from seven interviews. Two interviews with employees at the management level, to see what their intentions are with the activity-based office. Five interviews were conducted with employees to see how they experience the office. Conclusions: This study concludes that the management´s purpose is to create a good working environment for the employees. This is done through the design of the office, how they construct the office regarding sound, light, plants and colors. The employees experience the activity-based office positively where they sense a large degree of independence and fellowship.

Efterfrågan på studentbostäder blir större i universitets- och högskolestäder, där kombinationen av ett ökat intresse för högre studier och en långvarig bostadsbrist resulterat i att studenter stått bostadslösa vid kursstart. Resultatet har utmynnat i att studentbostadsområdens fysiska miljö nedprioriterats, trots dess påverkan på det psykiska välmåendet och den enskilde individens uppfattning av ett lärosäte eller en stad ifråga. Genom utformningen av studentbostadsområden med syftet att öka den sociala hållbarheten kan uppfattningen av bosättningen förbättras. Social hållbarhet utgör en av tre hållbarhetsdimensioner som syftar på det gemensamma målet gällande global hållbarhet. Social hållbarhet relaterar till de sociala aspekterna i samhället, där förhållandena som berör begreppet, på grund av sin komplexitet, har gjort att det många gånger exkluderats i praktiken. Inom konceptet social hållbarhet ingår flera aspekter, däribland socialt kapital, vilket syftar på individers olika sociala sammanhang och nätverk. Studien syftade till att beskriva hur ett socialt hållbart studentbostadsområde kan utformas genom målsättningen av strukturering kring kriterier och riktlinjer. Dessa kriterier och riktlinjer förväntades uppstå genom kombinationen mellan studenters preferenser kring ett studentbostadsområdes fysiska och sociala faktorer, samt litteratur kring ämnet. Genom 25 semistrukturerade intervjuer med studerande vid Högskolan i Gävle kunde respondenternas preferenser definieras. Detta med hjälp av frågor kring deras tidigare och nuvarande bostadsområden, samt deras åsikter och preferenser kring utformningen av ett studentbostadsområde generellt. För ytterligare förståelse av studenternas bostadssituationer genomfördes inventeringar av befintliga studentbostadsområden i Gävle. Studien utmynnade i 16 kriterier utifrån analysmodellens begrepp, som senare resulterade i 9 riktlinjer. Dessa riktlinjer applicerades sedan i en fysisk kontext med hjälp av ett gestaltningsförslag. Dock var denna gestaltning endast ett förslag kring riktlinjernas applicering. Diskussion kring huruvida riktlinjerna kan appliceras, ter sig bäst genom att applicera och utforma dessa utifrån en lokal kontext. Studiens slutsats utmynnade i att relationen mellan social hållbarhet och utformningen av studentbostadsområden kan beskrivas med hjälp av studiens analysmodell. Kriterierna och riktlinjerna presenterade i studien, resulterade i ett starkt socialt kapital inom studentbostadsområden, men ansågs vara bäst applicerbara inom en lokal kontext. Kriterier och riktlinjer kring ett socialt hållbart studentbostadsområde i relation till socialt kapital bör struktureras genom kombinationen av litteratur och preferenser hos de som utnyttjar den fysiska miljön ifråga. / The demand on student housing is growing in cities containing universities, where the combination of a growing interest in higher education and a prolonged shortage in housing has resulted in students being homeless by the time their studies has begun. The result of this has become a de-prioritization in the physical environment. Although, the design of these areas should be prioritized higher as it affects both mental well-being and the individual perception of the university and the city. By designing residential areas for students with the purpose of increasing the social sustainability, it is possible to improve the perception of these areas over all. Social sustainability form one of three dimensions of sustainability that aims for the common goal of global sustainability. Social sustainability relates to the social aspects in society. Conditions relating to social sustainability has, due to its complexity, often been excluded in practice. Within the concept of social sustainability are many aspects, among which social capital is included, which refers to different social contexts and social networks. The aim of the study was to describe how socially sustainable residential areas for students could be designed through the objective of structuring criterias and guidelines. These criterias and guidelines was expected to be formed by the combination of preferences amongst students, regarding physical and social factors in residential areas for students, and literature concerning the subject. Through 25 semi-structured interviews with students at the University of Gävle, the preferences amongst the respondents could be defined, by asking them about their preferences, previous and current residential areas. As well as their general opinions regarding the design of a residential area for students. For further understanding of residential areas for students, an inventory was made in similar existing areas in Gävle. The study resulted in 16 criterias based on the concepts within the analysis model, that later resulted in 9 guidelines. These guidelines were applied in a physical context by creating a design proposal. This design was only a proposal concerning the application of the guidelines. A discussion regarding the application of the guidelines, is in itself best applied and created through a local context. The conclusion was that the relationship between social sustainability and the design of residential areas for students, could be described by using the analysis model in the study. The criterias and guidelines presented in the study, resulted in strong social capital within the residential areas for students. Although they are best applied in local context. These are best structured by combining literature and preferences amongst those using the physical environment in question.

The purpose with the present study is to examine house pedagogues’ perceptions of how physical factors in the common areas of group homes affect people with perception disorders. The questions that the study further answers is whether adaptations in the physical environment have been implemented or need to be carried out based on the individual's needs, and whether the persons living in the group home have been involved in the design of the physical environment in the common areas. The people who is living in the group home have disabilities in the autism spectrum and intellectual disability of varying degrees.  In order to answer these questions, I have conducted a survey with complementary interviews. The house pedagogues who participated in the study all work in group homes, which are governed by decisions under LSS, The Act on Support and Services for Disabled People.   I have analyzed the result with the theoretical starting point KASAM, which is based on Antonovsky's concept of context. Antonovsky believes that the existence is comprehensible, manageable and meaningful when internal and external stimuli come in an orderly, structured and cohesive manner.   The result of the study shows that the perceptions of house pedagogues are that difficulties in dealing with different forms of sensory experiences in the common areas of the group homes affect the people who is living there. The result also shows that adjustments have been made and that further adjustments would have to be made within the activities to meet the needs of people for the environment, and that in some of the activities, individuals have had the opportunity to influence the design of the physical environment in there living environment.   This study can contribute to increased knowledge, through house pedagogues’ perceptions, about difficulties within different forms of sensory experiences for people with perception disturbances and in what areas there is a need for adaptation. / Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka verksamhetsnära pedagogers uppfattningar om hur fysiska faktorer i de gemensamma utrymmena på gruppbostäder påverkar personer med perceptionsstörningar. Frågor som studien vidare besvarar är om anpassningar i den fysiska miljön har genomförts eller behöver genomföras utifrån personernas individuella behov, samt om personerna som bor inom verksamheten varit involverade i utformningen av den fysiska miljön i de gemensamma utrymmena. Personerna som bor inom verksamheterna har funktionsnedsättning inom autism och utvecklingsstörning av varierad grad. För att kunna besvara dessa frågor har jag genomfört en enkätstudie med kompletterande intervjuer. Informanterna som deltagit i studien arbetar samtliga som verksamhetsnära pedagoger inom boendeverksamhet som styrs av beslut enligt LSS – Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade. Jag har analyserat resultatet med den teoretiska utgångspunkten KASAM som bygger på Antonovskys begrepp känsla av sammanhang. Antonovsky menar att tillvaron är begriplig, hanterbar och meningsfull när inre och yttre stimuli kommer på ett ordnat, strukturerat och sammanhängande sätt. Resultatet i studien visar att pedagogernas uppfattningar är att svårigheter att hantera olika former av sinnesintryck i de gemensamma utrymmena på gruppbostaden påverkar personerna som bor inom verksamheten. Resultatet visar även att anpassningar har genomförts och att ytterligare anpassningar skulle behöva genomföras inom verksamheterna för att tillgodose personernas behov av tillrättalagd miljö, samt att inom vissa av verksamheterna har personerna haft möjlighet att påverka vid utformningen av den fysiska miljön i de gemensamma utrymmena. Denna studie kan bidra med en ökad kunskap, genom verksamhetsnära pedagogers uppfattningar, om hur svårigheter att hantera sinnesintryck påverkar personer med perceptionsstörningar, samt inom vilka områden det finns behov av att genomföra anpassningar.

O estudo do espaço físico territorial é de extrema importância para o planejamento municipal, principalmente quando se situa no seu limite administrativo uma área protegida. Neste contexto, o mapeamento geoambiental se destaca como uma ferramenta essencial na identificação e delimitação de regiões que apresentam características semelhantes, direcionando de forma rápida e eficiente os órgãos gestores na solução das demandas de cada área. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o mapeamento geoambiental do município de Delfinópolis (MG), na escala de 1:50.000, tendo como base a utilização da análise de agrupamentos para delimitar as áreas com alto nível de similaridade referente às características do meio físico. O município pode ser considerado especial, devido 40,35% da sua área corresponder à unidade de conservação do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (PNSC). O mapeamento teve por base a caracterização física das bacias hidrográficas de até 4ª ordem de ramificação que se encontram totalmente inseridas no município. A análise de agrupamentos das bacias de 1ª ordem foi realizada considerando o percentual de área de três atributos fundamentais do meio físico (materiais inconsolidados, substrato rochoso, e declividade). Já as bacias hidrográficas de 2ª, 3ª e 4ª ordens foram inicialmente agrupadas com base em nove índices morfométricos e posteriormente analisadas frente aos mesmos atributos fundamentais do meio físico. Em todas as análises de agrupamentos foi utilizado o método pareado igualmente ponderado e na análise dos dendrogramas foi estabelecida uma linha de fusão de 20% para identificação das unidades homogêneas e de 80% para os grupos de unidades que apresentam alto nível de dissimilaridade. A integração da análise morfométrica com as informações do meio físico permitiu a delimitação de nove unidades geoambientais com nível de homogeneidade compatível com a escala de mapeamento. A análise dessas unidades mostrou certa compatibilidade das características físicas da zona intangível e da zona de ocupação temporária do PNSC com a unidade UG 8. Com relação às áreas de preservação permanente, nenhuma das unidades obedece totalmente os limites previstos na legislação. Dentre as unidades, duas apresentam-se pouco degradadas, duas encontram-se degradadas e as demais se enquadram em nível regular de degradação. / The study of territorial physical space is extremely important for municipal planning, especially when a protected area is located within its administrative boundary. In this context, the geoenvironmental mapping stands out as an essential tool in the identification and delimitation of regions that present similar characteristics, directing public management quickly and efficiently in the solution of the demands of each area. The objective of this work is to perform the geoenvironmental mapping of the city of Delfinópolis (MG), in the scale of 1: 50.000, based on the use of cluster analysis to delimit the areas with high level of similarity referent to the characteristics of the physical environment. The municipality can be considered special, since 40,35% of its area corresponds to the conservation unit of National Park Serra da Canastra (PNSC).The mapping was based on the physical characteristics of the watersheds up to the 4th order of ramification that are totally inserted in the municipality. The analysis of groupings of the 1st order basins was performed considering the percentage of area of three fundamental attributes of the physical environment (unconsolidated materials, geology, and slope).The 2nd, 3rd and 4th order watersheds were initially grouped based on nine morphometric indices and later analyzed against the same fundamental attributes of the physical environment. In all cluster analysis, we used the unweighted pair-group method and in the analysis of dendrograms a 20% melting line was established to identify the homogeneous units and 80% of the groups of units with a high level of dissimilarity.The integration of the morphometric analysis with the information about the physical environment allowed the delimitation of nine geoenvironmental units with level of homogeneity compatible with the scale of mapping.The analysis of these units showed the similarity of the physical characteristics of the intangible zone and the temporary occupation zone of the PNSC with the unit UG 8.In relation to the areas of permanent preservation, none of the units fully obey the limits established in the legislation. Among the units, two are poorly degraded, two are degraded and the other ones fall into a regular level of degradation.

Den fysiska miljön, pedagogernas förhållningsätt, interaktion mellan barn och barn och mellan barn och vuxna påverkar barns språkutveckling. Det framhäver pedagogerna i denna undersökning. Förskolans verksamhet är en viktig språkutvecklande miljö och som pedagog i förskolan ska man arbeta aktivt för att utveckla flerspråkiga barns första- och andraspråk. Antalet flerspråkiga barn har ökat och det ställer nya kompetensbehov och didaktiska utmaningar för förskollärare. Syfte med undersökningen är att får mer kunskap om hur flerspråkiga barn stimuleras i svenska språket i förskolan. I undersökningen används begreppen proximal utvecklingszon, mediering, kognitiv teori, behaviorism samt sociokulturellt perspektiv.  I den valda förskolan i underökningen är hälften av barnen flerspråkiga. I studiens resultat framkom det att flerspråkiga barn stimuleras i svenska språket hela tiden i förskolan. Förskollärarna tror på det kompententa barnet. Pedagogerna använder sig av bilder som stöd, kroppsspråk och mimik som en del av medierat lärande för att stärka språket och för att underlätta för de flerspråkiga barnen. / The physical environment, the pedagogical attitude and interaction between children and between children and adults affect children's language development. The teachers in this study emphasize this. The preschool's activities are an important language-developing environment and as an educator in the preschool and one must work actively to develop the first and second languages ​​of multilingual children. The number of multilingual children has increased and this demands new skills and pose a didactic challenge for preschool teachers. The purpose of the study is to gain more knowledge about how multilingual children are stimulated in the Swedish language in preschool. The study uses the terms proximal development zone, mediation, cognitive theory, behaviorism and socio-cultural perspective. In the chosen preschool in the examination, half of the children are multilingual. In the study's results, it emerged that multilingual children are stimulated in the Swedish language all the time in the preschool. Preschool teachers believe in the competent child. The educators use images as support, body language and mimicry as part of mediated learning to strengthen the language and to make it easier for the multilingual children.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-26T13:06:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Gustavo Da Silva.pdf: 1153328 bytes, checksum: 539977d8b79c86b2a743a3090b6ca4ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T13:06:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Gustavo Da Silva.pdf: 1153328 bytes, checksum: 539977d8b79c86b2a743a3090b6ca4ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-10 / Tourism is one of the biggest economic activities in the world and it has undergone changes in its management, especially in the perspective of marketing, a result of globalization and the internet. This dissertation has as its theme: "The Desion-Making Process of the Tourist in the Virtual Environment: Factors that influence the purchase stages", and it aims to analyze how the influencing factors of purchase are manifested in the physical and virtual environment in the decision-making process in the context of the hotel market. In the theoretical framework, this dissertation approaches the perspectives of digital marketing, decision-making process and tourism. This research was conducted with 330 Brazilian and foreign tourists who stayed in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, through a hotel wherewith they made contact to shopping in a physical and/or virtual environment. Therefore, it is an exploratory descriptive study, in this dissertation the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), ANOVA and Discriminant Analysis (DA) for the treatment and analysis of the data were used it. It is concluded that, in relation to practical contributions to companies, is possible to infer that companies that operate in the hotel market must look for the changes that happen in the decision-making process in the virtual environment, considering variables that are important in the time of purchase by tourist, in which are: Satisfaction, Service, Ease, Credibility, Security, Price, Relationship, Post-sales and Communication. A company that markets hosting should not use the same way the marketing strategy for both environments (physical and virtual) because customers behave and evaluate differently depending on the environment in which they are inserted during the decision-making process / O turismo que é uma das maiores atividades econômicas do mundo e vem passando por mudanças na sua gestão notadamente na perspectiva do marketing, resultado da globalização e da internet. A presente tese tem como tema: “O Processo Decisório do Turista em Ambiente Virtual: Fatores que influenciam as etapas de compra”, e busca atender o objetivo de analisar como os fatores influenciadores de compra se manifestam no ambiente físico e virtual no processo decisório no contexto do mercado hoteleiro. No referencial teórico, o trabalho aborda perspectivas do marketing digital, processo decisório e turismo. A pesquisa foi realizada com 330 turistas brasileiros e estrangeiros que se hospedaram no litoral do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio de um estabelecimento hoteleiro com o qual realizaram contato para compra em ambiente físico e/ou virtual. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, neste estudo a Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), ANOVA e Análise Discriminante (AD) foram utilizadas para o tratamento e análise dos dados. Conclui-se que, no tocante as contribuições práticas para as empresas, é possível inferir que as organizações que atuam no mercado hoteleiro devem atentar para as mudanças que ocorrem no processo decisório no ambiente virtual, levando em consideração as variáveis que são importantes no momento da compra para o turista, sendo: Satisfação, Atendimento, Facilidade, Credibilidade, Segurança, Preço, Relacionamento, Pós-vendas e Comunicação. A empresa que comercializa hospedagem não deve utilizar da mesma forma as estratégias de marketing para os dois ambientes (físico e virtual), pois os clientes se comportam e avaliam de maneira diferente dependendo do ambiente o qual está inserido durante o processo decisório

The overall purpose of this research was to understand how consumers perceive physical environments from multi-brand fashion retail stores. According to Solomon and Rabolt (2008), a well-design of store environment can fulfill consumer’s shopping process with a pleasant, efficient and enjoyable experience. Since many researchers have proved that the store environment directs consumer’s shopping experience, by investigating consumer’s behavior with psychological and physical perceptions in a store is the approach for retailers to create more business opportunities in a competitive fashion industry today.Through literature review we know, the development of retail stores from eighteenth century until today, it changes by social, culture, economic factors as well as consumer behavior. From the history, it also illustrates how a multi-brand fashion retail store grows in today’s Swedish market. Customers’ interview is the important approach to know how consumers experience shopping and perceive the environment in the multi-brand fashion retail stores. Because of consumers’ demographic differences, the perceptions from the same store environment lead to either positive or negative feelings. By interviewing the store staffs, the companies’ management and store display strategies are provided and it is helpful to analyze and compare in parallel. The retailer applies appropriately store designing strategy to focus on a certain group of consumers is useful to find its target consumers as well as appealing to target consumer’s satisfaction with shopping experience. Based on the interview result, the perceptions both from consumers and retailers are discussed. According to the analysis of the results, recommendations are given for tangible and intangible improvements. In terms of visible improvements, the retailers may improve visual communication and lighting design in the store environment which enhances consumer’s attitude toward positive perception and exceptions. Sending positive knowledge is an invisible channel to influence consumer behavior, and it is sure that consumers are willing to learn what they are interested. Furthermore, improving visual merchandise management is an approach to compete increasing number of outlets in the market which could be achieved by professional employees and training processes.To design or create a better physical environment of multi-brand fashion retail store, it not only follows the retailer’s marketing strategy and company orientation, but also concerns for consumers’ needs toward positive influences. A consumer’s perception from a store environment decides his or her attitude and behavior. If consumers are satisfied with the store, they will tell an average of 5 other people, whereas disappointed consumers may talk to more people and never return to the store. (Hines and Bruce 2008) To develop a better physical environment of a multi-brand fashion retail store, it relies on interacting of influences between consumers and retailers. / Program: Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring

Este trabalho tem por finalidade estabelecer a abordagem integrada de fatores da paisagem segundo as formas de relevo, o substrato rochoso e os solos. Realiza-se uma compartimentação geomorfopedológica em escala de detalhe de uma área situada entre duas grandes unidades geomorfológicas, o Planalto Atlântico, escudo cristalino de modelado rugoso, e a Depressão Periférica Paulista, unidade de transição do Planalto para a Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná, com modelado colinoso esculpido sobre terrenos geralmente sedimentares. A transição destes dois domínios macro-compartimentados cria contrastes nas formas de relevo de acordo com a estrutura do substrato e os solos resultantes do intemperismo e da erosão. Modelados colinosos sustentados por litologias sedimentares alternam-se com colinas mais dissecadas sustentadas por litologias ígneas ou metamórficas, e Latossolos Vermelhos localizados em áreas de topos aplainados mudam para Cambissolos em áreas de ocorrência de colinas de baixo gradiente de relevo. Esta situação é comum na área de pesquisa considerada, que envolve uma pequena bacia hidrográfica e seu entorno, área rural do município de Sorocaba em franca expansão urbana. Para o entendimento da relação destes fatores supracitados visando o diagnóstico do meio físico em questão, fizeram-se necessários levantamentos geológicos, geomorfológicos e pedológicos na busca da relação relevo-rocha-solo para a área considerada. O trabalho resultou em compartimentos geomorfológicos e geomorfopedológicos e na melhor compreensão de algumas características funcionais do meio físico, tais como o condicionamento do modelado e do sistema de drenagem pela litoestrutura, a conjugação dos processos exógenos, morfologia das vertentes e variações litológicas na formação dos solos e o possível rebaixamento do relevo pela erosão geoquímica. / This work aims to establish the integrated approach to landscape factors according to the landforms, bedrock and soils. A geomorphopedological compartmenting is made in a detailed scale of an area between two major geomorphologic units, one being the Atlantic Plateau, crystalline shield of rough landforms, and the other the Peripheral Depression of Sao Paulo, a transition unit from Plateau to the Sedimentary Basin of Parana, whose smooth landforms are generally sculpted over sedimentary terrains. The transitions of these two macro-compartment domains create contrasts of relief forms according to the basement structure and soils originating from weathering and erosion. Smooth landforms supported by sedimentary lithotypes alternate with small hills of more dissected slopes sustained by igneous or metamorphic rocks, and Red Oxisols located in areas of flat summits change to Inceptisols in areas of smooth hills. This is a common situation at the research area, a small hydrographic basin and its rural surroundings in Sorocaba, a county undergoing remarkable urban expansion. To reach an understanding of the above mentioned factors relationship, aiming at a diagnosis of the physical environment under research, it was necessary to carry out geological, geomorphological and pedological surveys in order to search for the relief-rock-soil relationship to the area considered. The work resulted in geomorphological and geomorphopedological compartments and the better understanding of some functional characteristics of the physical environment, such as the control of landforms and drainage system by lithostructure, the combination of exogenous processes, slope morphology and lithologic variations in forming soils and the possibility of relief being degraded by geochemical erosion.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of disability in North American and has major economic consequences for society. People with knee OA experience the worst quality of life, among musculoskeletal conditions, with function and mobility being influenced by symptoms such as pain and stiffness. However, the impact of OA symptoms varies due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leading many researchers to employ biopsychosocial and other population health frameworks to study the disease. These population health approaches have not been adopted when studying knee OA outcomes in bioarchaeology, where a limited biological lens prevails due to the sole reliance on skeletal remains. The purpose of this research was to explore methods for identifying the impairment potential of knee OA in archaeological populations using a clinical sample and population health approaches. Clinical studies have the advantage of assessing not only the biological implications of knee OA but also the functional outcomes. By creating a knee OA grading system applicable for both MRI and dry bone femora samples (Clinical Archaeological Osteoarthritis Score) a link between clinical and archaeological populations was proposed. Using this link to infer functional deficits onto archaeological populations using population health frameworks, a theoretical analysis was performed with two populations; the 17th century Huron and the 19th century Inuit from the Igloolik region of Nunavut. The results demonstrated the increased impairment potential of knee OA in the Inuit population versus the Huron population, produced by contrasting factors captured by the determinants of health, including social and physical environments.

Jag har genomfört en undersökning där jag har observerat klassrummets fysiska miljö med fokus på dess möblering och utbud av material. Genom att observera två klassrum har jag försökt få en förståelse för hur klassrummets möblering och utbud av material kan gynna elevers lärande och kunskapsinhämtning. Min undersökning är genomförd utifrån forskningsfrågorna; - Hur är klassrummet möblerat? - Vilket material erbjuds eleverna? - Hur använder sig eleverna av materialet och möbleringen? Jag har utgått från ett interaktionistiskt och ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och använt mig av begreppen aktiviteter, interaktioner och verktyg. Förutom det sociokulturella perspektivet har jag även relaterat och jämfört mina resultat till den forskning som tidigare har gjorts på samma område. Det resultat jag har analyserat och diskuterat kring grundar sig på de fältanteckningar jag skrev i samband med observationen samt fotografier från klassrummen. Under mina observationer har jag sett olika möbleringsmöjligheter som, mer eller mindre, kan bidra till ett positivt kunskapsinhämtande för eleverna. Om man jämför med vad tidigare forskare har kommit fram till om utbudet av material verkar det fortfarande inte ha hänt så mycket i de klassrum jag observerade.