This thesis deals with the complex project of the technical and technological equipment in a new building of the agricultural object. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is focused on the description possible and and the most often used variants of technical and technological equipments together with legislative terms. The second part is focused on the design of these equipments including calculations and drawings.

A propriedade suinícola encontra-se hoje numa fase que, dificilmente poderá fugir ao processo integrador, disponibilizado pelas empresas detentoras de recursos financeiros e tecnológicos. No entanto, o produtor sujeita-se a margens estreitas de lucratividade pelas facilidades que o processo em si lhe oferece. A presente pesquisa consiste num estudo exploratório com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos produtores, no sistema integrado de suínos, a partir da caracterização da cadeia de valor adaptada à atividade suinícola. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com técnicos da área e aplicados questionários junto a doze suinocultores, — divididos em três categorias: pequenos, médios e grandes produtores — da Região Centro Oriental do Estado, participantes do sistema de integração da Cooperativa Agropecuária Languiru Ltda., em Teotônia — RS. A análise diagnóstico foi realizada com base no referencial teórico, envolvendo aspectos ligados à suinocultura, à cadeia produtiva, com ênfase no sistema de produção, e à cadeia de valores que ofereceu a melhor alternativa para identificar o desempenho dos suinocultores. Nesse contexto, observou-se estar o desempenho dos produtores condicionado à conversão alimentar e o período de engorda, associado ao processo de gestão da propriedade suinícola. / Rural properties devoted to pig breeding are currently in a situation in which they will hardly be able to avoid taking part in the integrating process made available by financially and technologically privileged companies. However, producers have to face low profit rates due to the features inherent to such process. This paper is a study which has as a goal to analyze the producers' performance in the pig breeding integrated system, departing from the chain of values adaptad to the pig breeding environment. To do so, interviews with technicians have been done, as well as questionnaires have been submitted to twelve pig breeders - split into three categories: small, medium and big producers - from the west central region of the state, that participate of the Cooperativa Agropecuária Languiru Ltda. integrating system, in Teutônia, RS. A diagnostic analysis was done based upon the theory related to pig breeding, the productive chain focused in this production system, and the chain of values that offered the best alternative to identify the producers' performances. In such context, it has been observed that the producers' performance is conditioned by food conversion and the fatten period, associated with the property mangement process.

Doctor of Philosophy / Animal Sciences and Industry / Michael D. Tokach / Three experiments using 2,385 pre-weaned pigs, growing pigs, and sows were performed in addition to a meta-analysis and industry survey. Experiment 1 tested the effects of sow vitamin D supplementation from vitamin D₃ (low, medium, or high) or 25OHD₃ (same IU equivalency as the medium level of vitamin D₃) on maternal performance, neonatal pig bone and muscle characteristics, subsequent pre-weaned pig performance and serum 25OHD₃ with only differences in serum 25OHD₃ being impacted. In the second experiment a subsample of pigs weaned from the maternal portion of the study were used in a split-plot design and fed 2 different forms of vitamin D in the nursery and growth performance was evaluated until the pigs reached market weight. Overall, the nursery vitamin D treatments did not impact growth; however, pigs from sows fed the medium level of vitamin D₃ performed better after weaning compared to pigs from sows fed the low or the high level of vitamin D₃, and serum 25OHD₃ was altered based on maternal and nursery vitamin D supplementation. In the third experiment, finishing pigs were initially provided 2 different floor space allowances (0.64 or 0.91 m²) and pigs initially provided 0.64 m² were subject to 1 of 3 marketing strategies which removed the heaviest pigs from the pen in order to provide additional floor space to the pigs remaining in the pen. Overall, pigs initially provided more floor space had improved ADG and ADFI, but increasing the number of marketing events increased ADG of the pigs remaining in the pen following market events. The meta-analysis suggested that a multi-term empirical model using random effects to account for known error and weighted observations to account for heterogeneous experimental designs and replication provided models that best fit the database. Also, the meta-analysis concluded that floor space allowance does influence ADG, ADFI, and G:F and BW of the pig can alter the floor space response. Finally, the vitamin and trace mineral survey suggested that a wide range of supplementation practices are used in the swine industry but most production systems supplement micronutrients above the basal requirement estimates of the animals.

A propriedade suinícola encontra-se hoje numa fase que, dificilmente poderá fugir ao processo integrador, disponibilizado pelas empresas detentoras de recursos financeiros e tecnológicos. No entanto, o produtor sujeita-se a margens estreitas de lucratividade pelas facilidades que o processo em si lhe oferece. A presente pesquisa consiste num estudo exploratório com o objetivo de analisar o desempenho dos produtores, no sistema integrado de suínos, a partir da caracterização da cadeia de valor adaptada à atividade suinícola. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com técnicos da área e aplicados questionários junto a doze suinocultores, — divididos em três categorias: pequenos, médios e grandes produtores — da Região Centro Oriental do Estado, participantes do sistema de integração da Cooperativa Agropecuária Languiru Ltda., em Teotônia — RS. A análise diagnóstico foi realizada com base no referencial teórico, envolvendo aspectos ligados à suinocultura, à cadeia produtiva, com ênfase no sistema de produção, e à cadeia de valores que ofereceu a melhor alternativa para identificar o desempenho dos suinocultores. Nesse contexto, observou-se estar o desempenho dos produtores condicionado à conversão alimentar e o período de engorda, associado ao processo de gestão da propriedade suinícola. / Rural properties devoted to pig breeding are currently in a situation in which they will hardly be able to avoid taking part in the integrating process made available by financially and technologically privileged companies. However, producers have to face low profit rates due to the features inherent to such process. This paper is a study which has as a goal to analyze the producers' performance in the pig breeding integrated system, departing from the chain of values adaptad to the pig breeding environment. To do so, interviews with technicians have been done, as well as questionnaires have been submitted to twelve pig breeders - split into three categories: small, medium and big producers - from the west central region of the state, that participate of the Cooperativa Agropecuária Languiru Ltda. integrating system, in Teutônia, RS. A diagnostic analysis was done based upon the theory related to pig breeding, the productive chain focused in this production system, and the chain of values that offered the best alternative to identify the producers' performances. In such context, it has been observed that the producers' performance is conditioned by food conversion and the fatten period, associated with the property mangement process.

Orientador: Luiz Antonio Rossi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T04:23:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sartor_Karina_M.pdf: 1616477 bytes, checksum: 8bc1c2182f361f23bdb743e97299dedb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Os leitões recém-nascidos possuem baixa capacidade de reter calor corporal em razão do menor isolamento térmico pelo pouco tecido adiposo, pouca cobertura de pelos e maior superfície corporal em relação ao peso. A ausência de conforto térmico aos leitões em fase de maternidade provoca redução do peso ao desmame e susceptibilidade a doenças. A manutenção do conforto térmico para os leitões lactentes exige alta demanda energética para promover o aquecimento do escamoteador. O experimento foi conduzido na sala maternidade em granja comercial objetivando avaliar a eficiência térmica do isolamento com a placa ecológica Tetra Pak® no revestimento do escamoteador para promover o conforto térmico dos leitões e uso racional de energia elétrica. Foram mensurados os parâmetros climáticos no interior do escamoteador, temperatura superficial do piso, temperatura superficial de pele, episódios comportamentais, ganho de peso dos leitões e eficiência energética. Os resultados obtidos com o estudo demonstraram que o revestimento do escamoteador com isolante térmico manteve a temperatura de conforto térmico dos leitões lactentes. A temperatura superficial de pele e os episódios comportamentais dos leitões lactentes foram normais. O ganho de peso foi similar nos dois tratamentos. A utilização da placa Tetra Pak® como isolante térmico no revestimento do escamoteador para leitões lactentes mostra eficiência térmica e energética / Abstract: The newborn piglets exhibit low ability in retaining body heat which is associated to the lower thermal insulation offered by the thin fat layer, little hair coverage and greater body surface area to weight ratio. The absence of thermal comfort at the maternity phase causes weight reduction of piglets at weaning as well as susceptibility to diseases. Thermal comfort for suckling piglets demands high energy to promote heating creep area. The experiment was carried out in the maternity room of a commercial farm to evaluate the thermal insulation efficiency with the ecological Tetra Pak® plaque thermal efficiency to promote thermal comfort to the piglets as well as rational use of electricity. Climatic parameters were read inside the creep area, floor surface temperature, skin surface temperature, behavioral episodes, piglets weight gain and energy efficiency. The results of this study showed that the creep area of the coating insulator maintained the temperature improving thermal comfort to the suckling piglets. The skin surface temperature and the behavioral episodes of suckling piglets were noted to be normal. Weight gain was similar for both treatments. The use of Tetra Pak® plaque as thermal insulation in creep area flooring for suckling piglets showed thermal and energy efficiency / Mestrado / Construções Rurais e Ambiencia / Mestra em Engenharia

No description available.

[pt] Na exploração de campos offshore, é frequente a necessidade transportar óleo e gás por dutos de produção ou de transferência que percorrem grandes distâncias no leito submarino. Em relação aos gasodutos, podem ocorrer a formação de condensado ao longo desses, o que afeta drasticamente a capacidade de entrega e a modalidade operacional, sendo a remoção do condensado realizada por pigs. Além disso, devido a existência de condições extremas como baixas temperaturas e altas pressões, pode ocorrer a formação de plug de hidrato nos gasodutos. Nesse caso, são previstas operações especiais para a remoção do plug de hidrato, onde, durante o procedimento, pode ser gerado condensado. Dessa forma, é importante que essas operações sejam simuladas durante a fase de projeto e de operação para avaliar a efetividade dos procedimentos e os valores das variáveis de processo de forma a garantir a segurança operacional do sistema. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar numericamente o processo de deslocamento de pigs e de plugs de hidrato ao longo de tubulações, na presença de condensado. A formação de condensado é obtida através de um modelo de equilíbrio de fases, que utiliza a equação de Peng-Robinson para o cálculo das propriedades termodinâmicas para ambas as fases. O escoamento bifásico é modelado como unidimensional. A solução das equações de conservação de massa, quantidade de movimento linear e energia, acopladas ao balanço de forças para prever o deslocamento do pig/plug são resolvidas utilizando o método numérico de diferenças finitas. A modelagem do escoamento e do modelo termodinâmico, englobando o equilíbrio de fases e as propriedades termodinâmicas, foram validadas com soluções analíticas e dados da literatura. Estudos de casos de deslocamento de pig e de plug de hidrato na presença de condensado foram realizados e os resultados obtidos foram bastante satisfatórios, permitindo concluir que os modelos desenvolvidos podem ser utilizados para a análise e previsão das operações de passagem de pig e de remoção de plugs de hidrato na presença de condensado. / [en] In offshore oilfield exploration, gas is often transported through long-distance transfer pipelines or production pipelines on the seabed. Along the pipeline, condensate may be formed, which dramatically affect the delivery capacity and the operational mode, requiring condensate removal employing pigs. Further, due to the presence of extreme conditions encountered in these pipelines, such as low temperatures and high pressures, hydrate plug can also be formed inside the gas pipelines. In this case, special procedures are foreseen to remove the hydrate plug, during which condensate may be generated. Thus, it is essential that these operations should be simulated throughout the design and operation stages to evaluate the efficacy of these procedures and the process variable values in order to guarantee the system s operational safety. The purpose of this study is to investigate numerically the process of displacement of pigs and hydrate plugs along pipelines, in the presence of condensate. The condensate formation is obtained through a phase behavior model (FLASH), which employs the Peng-Robinson equation to calculate the thermodynamic properties for both phases. Two-phase flow is modeled as one-dimensional. The conservation equations of mass, linear momentum and energy, coupled with the force balance to predict the displacement of the pig/plug are solved, using the numerical method of finite differences. The flow and thermodynamic models were validated with analytical solutions and literature data. The validation of the thermodynamic model included the phase equilibrium and thermodynamic properties. Case studies of displacement of pig and hydrate plug in the presence of condensate were performed and the results obtained were very satisfactory, allowing to conclude that the developed models can be used for the analysis and prediction of the pigging operations and removal of hydrate plugs in the presence of condensate.

Introduktion: Avslutad intensivvård leder ofta till efterföljande vård på en allmän vårdavdelning. Patienter som vårdats på en intensivvårdsavdelning efter utskrivning till vårdavdelning bör få en uppföljning av en intensivvårdssjuksköterska för att kunna upprätthålla hög patientsäkerhet och en god vård. Det är därför av betydelse att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor på vårdavdelning upplever denna uppföljning efter avslutad intensivvård. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva grundutbildade sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att delta i uppföljning av utskriven intensivvårdspatient - Post intensivvårdsgrupp (PIG). Metod: En intervjustudie med ändamålsenligt urval och kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes. Resultat: Resultatet bildade tre kategorier; Att utmanas i en dynamisk vårdmiljö där teamarbete är betydelsefullt, att få stöd bidrar till ett lärande som ger en känsla av trygghet och att utgå från patientens nuvarande status och individuella behov. Slutsats: PIG-uppföljning kan ge stöd och nytta till både patienter och vårdpersonal. PIG-uppföljning kan fungera som ett känslomässigt och pedagogiskt stöd för grundutbildade sjuksköterskor på vårdavdelning, med målet att hjälpa patienter vidare i sin fortsatta återhämning efter avslutad intensivvård. PIG-uppföljning kan bidra till ett fördjupat samarbete mellan IVA och vårdavdelning som ger möjlighet till kunskapsutbyte med syfte att öka kompetensen på vårdavdelning och därmed öka patientsäkerheten.

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Duane L. Davis / Intestinal absorption of colostral leukocytes (CL), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and porcine umbilical cord matrix stem cells (PUC) was analyzed in neonatal pigs. Maternal CL have previously been demonstrated in pigs, and maternal PBMC have been observed in calves to enter neonatal circulation after ingestion. PUC are primitive stem cells that are easily isolated from Wharton's jelly of the porcine umbilical cord. These cells do not have an immunogenic effect on the host upon initial transplantation. The general characteristics of PUC may allow them to serve as a delivery system to the neonate. Cellular migration through the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum was assessed using confocal microscopy. In vitro experiments utilized an organ explant culture system to determine the trafficking of labeled cells. Small-intestine tissue was collected from stillborn and sacrificed neonates. All three cell types (CL, PBMC, and PUC) were detected below the luminal surface, after 72 h of culture with media, and regardless of whether explants were from stillborns or live-born pigs. In vivo trafficking was assessed using neonatal pigs that were fed PBMC isolated from their mother or PUC from an unrelated pig. The effect of prior exposure to 25% acellular colostrum (AC) in medium was evaluated for both cell types. Piglets were euthanized 8 h or 24 h post feeding and sections of the small intestine collected. Both PBMC and PUC were found in all intestinal samples. Exposure to AC had no detected effect on the ability of either cell type to attach and migrate into the tissue. Labeled PUC were detected on the surface of the epithelium and in the lamina propria 8 h post treatment. PBMC were observed on the surface of the epithelium, in the lamina propria, and superficial submucosa 8 h following ingestion. In neonates sacrificed 24 h post treatment, both PUC and PBMC were observed on the surface of the epithelium, in the lamina propria, superficial submucosa, and deep submucosa of the small intestine. PUC and PBMC were noted at the apex, intermediate between the apex and the base, or at the base of the villus.

Die Freilandhaltung von Schweinen bietet eine interessante Möglichkeit, artgerechte Schweinehaltung wirtschaftlich konkurrenzfähig zu betreiben. Problematisch erscheint bei dieser Haltungsform ihre Umweltverträglichkeit, speziell die vermutlich zu hohen N-Eintragsmengen mit der Gefahr der Stickstoffauswaschung. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den N-Eintrag zu untersuchen und Möglichkeiten zu finden, ihn zu beeinflussen. Dazu wurde der Nmin-Gehalt des Bodens unter verschiedenen Bedingungen in drei ausgewählten Betrieben und der Versuchsstation der Humboldt-Universität untersucht. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten über einen Zeitraum von zweieinhalb Jahren jeweils vierteljährlich Ende Februar, Ende Mai, Ende August und Ende November. Die Proben wurden nach DIN-Vorschrift in drei Schichten (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm und 60-90 cm Bodentiefe) entnommen und in der LUFA Halle auf ihren Nmin-Gehalt untersucht. Außerdem wurde untersucht, welche Einflußmöglichkeiten für den Betreuer durch geeignete Maßnahmen bestehen, und inwiefern das Verhalten der Tiere selbst ausgenutzt werden kann, um überhöhte N-Einträge zu vermeiden. Nach Auswertung der vorliegenden Untersuchungsergebnisse erscheint es keinesfalls notwendig, die Besatzdichten auf unter 6 Sauen je Hektar zu beschränken. Dies würde auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Haltungsform in Frage stellen. Eine durchdachte Gehegegestaltung und kürzere Belegungszeiten mit schnellem Folgefruchtanbau sind entschieden wirksamer als nur sehr niedrige Besatzdichten. Ein Teil der aufgezeigten verfahrenstechnischen Möglichkeiten zur Vermeidung von Stickstoffverlusten wurde bereits während der Untersuchungen erfolgreich in der Praxis erprobt. / Outdoor pig production offers an interesting possibility to operate taking just pig attitude economially competitively. A problem of this posture form seems to be her environment compatibility, special the presumably too high N entry set with the danger of nitrate leaching. It was aim of the work in hand to examine the N entry and to find possibilities to influence him. To this the Nmin content was examined under different conditions in three select farms and in the experiment station of the Humboldt-University. These examinations were carried out via a period of time of 2.5 years respectively quarterly end february, end may, end august and end november. The soil samples became taken after DIN-regulation in three layers (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm ground depth) and in the LUFA Halle on hers Nmin salary examines. In addition, you examined to avoid which possibilities excessive N entries pass by the attendant or by useage of the animal behavior. After evaluation of the examinations it seems under no circumstances necessary to demand stocking rates of lower than 6 sows per hectare. This would put the economicalness of the posture form in question. An enclousure lay-out thought through, the occupancy time and fast following fruit cultivation are decided more effectively than only very low edging densities more briefly. A part of the shown method technical possibilities for the avoidance of nitrogen losses was already tested successfully during the examinations in the practice.