Orientador: Andrei Koerner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T21:44:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_CleberdaSilva_M.pdf: 2526653 bytes, checksum: 008a185418187f4991c15c082e02c99e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: A emergência da segurança privada e de organizações e agentes particulares que provêem policiamento de maneira informal colocaram novos problemas para a efetivação dos direitos civis na sociedade brasileira. O trabalho analisa o controle estatal sobre a segurança privada exercido pela Polícia Federal no período 1996-2006. Constata que nos últimos quatro anos ocorreram melhoras nos instrumentos legais que visam assegurar policiamento privado responsável publicamente, mas persistem regras deficientes e mecanismos frágeis para incentivar o controle interno e o controle externo da segurança privada. Verifica também melhoras na capacidade fiscalizadora da Polícia Federal sobre o universo legal da segurança privada, mas permanece baixa e limitada a sua capacidade para fiscalizar o universo informal dos provedores particulares de policiamento / Abstract: The private security emergency and of organizations and private agents that provide policing in an informal way they put new problems for the effectives of the civil rights in the Brazilian society. The work analyzes the state control on the private security exercised by the Federal Police in the period 1996-2006. The study verifies that in the last four years they happened improvements in the legal instruments that they seek to assure responsible policing openly, but they persist deficient rules and fragile mechanisms to motivate the internal control and the private security external control. It also verifies improvements in the capacity supervise of the Federal Police on the private security legal universe, but it stays low and limited his capacity to supervise the providers' peculiar of policing informal universe / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência Política

”Snutfitta”, ”du är ändå inte stark”, ”lilla gumman” är bara några av de förekommande meningar som kvinnliga poliser möts av när de arbetar ute i samhället och möter allmänheten. Att vara kvinna i ett traditionellt sätt mansdominerat yrke kan vara svårt både när det gäller hur de blir behandlade och bemötta samt möjligheten att klättra inom organisationen. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att ta reda på hur kvinnliga poliser upplever att de blir bemötta av samhällets medborgare, men även på arbetsplatsen. Finns det en större press på kvinnor i ett mansdominerat yrke att prestera hårdare för att bevisa att de räcker till? I studien har Erving Goffmans teori om intrycksstyrning, Axel Honneths teori om de tre dimensionerna, Jean Lipman Blumens teori om homosocialitet och heterosocialitet samt Morrisons teori om glastaket tillämpats. Dessa teorier har tillämpats i syfte till att besvara studiens frågeställningar. Resultatet av denna studie presenteras av semistrukturerade intervjuer i en kvalitativ design, där tio kvinnliga poliser deltagit i intervjun och delat med sig av sina upplevelser. Analysen av resultatet visade med hjälp av teorier och vetenskapliga artiklar att det är ett hårdare klimat för kvinnor i ett mansdominerat yrke, dels vad gäller utvecklingsmöjligheter, dels hur kvinnor inom yrket bemöts av samhället. Slutsatsen av resultat och analys visade att även om jämställdheten inom polisyrket ökar, finns det fortfarande skillnader mellan könen vilket grundar sig långt bak i historien och är svårt att komma ifrån / "You are not strong enough" and "honey" are just some of the prevailing sentences that female police officers meet when they work in the community and meet the public. Being a woman in a male-dominated profession can be difficult when it comes to how they are treated and the opportunity to climb within the organization. The purpose of the present study was to find out how female police officers perceive that they are being treated by society's citizens, but also in the workplace. In the study, Erving Goffman's theory of impression management, Axel Honneth's theory of the three dimensions, Jean Lipman Blumen's theory of homosociality and heterosociality, and Morrison's theory of glass ceiling have been applied. These theories have been applied in order to answer the study's questions. The result of this study is presented by semi-structured interviews in a qualitative design, where ten female police officers participated in the interview and shared their experiences. The analysis of the results showed, with the aid of theories and scientific articles, that it is a harder climate for women in a male-dominated profession, both in terms of development opportunities and partly how women within the profession are treated by the society. The conclusion of the result and analysis showed that even though gender equality in the police profession is increasing, there are still differences between the sexes, which is based far behind in history and is difficult to get away from.

Cette thèse a pour bilán l’analyse des constructions des identités professionelles des policiers militaries qui transitent entre la surveillance ostensive-répressive et ostensive-préventive dans la Brigada Militar. Nous cherchons à compreendre les différentes motivations qui les mettent en movement et analysons les differents réseaux forgés par des connexions interpersonnels et organization en tant que groupe. Le processus de formations des flux migratoires, à lintérieur de l’appareil policier militaire est rendu possible par lês réseaux qui se forment entre le lieu d’origine et celui de destination. / O presente estudo analisa a construção das identidades profissionais de policiais militares que migram de grupos e atividades profissionais que têm como base o policiamento ostensivo repressivo para grupos e atividades desenvolvidas no policiamento ostensivo preventivo, desvelando a mobilidade e os trajetos construídos pelos integrantes deste grupo, os processos relativos aos diferentes caminhos percorridos à sua organização atual: as suas vivências profissionais e a rede constituída por estes, a qual dá sustentação à migração, e às múltiplas relações que estabelecem com a comunidade de origem e com a comunidade hospedeira. / This study analyses the construction of professional identities of military policemen who migrate from groups and professional activities based on repressive ostensive policing to groups and activities based on preventive ostensive policing, unveiling the mobility and the paths constructed by the members of this group, the processes related to the different ways that were crossed steering to its present organization: their professional experiences, and the net composed by these people which sustains the migration and the multiple relations established with the original community and the host community.

Bakgrund: Motivation är viktigt för att driva en till handling vilket alla har erfarenheter av. Oavsett vad det är för handling så ligger där alltid någon form av drivkraft bakom denna. Vi fann motivationsfaktorer inom den offentliga sektorn som mycket intressant och då främst polisyrket med deras unika arbetsuppgifter. Detta gjorde att vi ville undersöka vad poliser motiveras av.   Problemformulering: Vilka motivationsfaktorer driver nyexaminerade poliser?   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att söka en förståelse vad det är som motiverar nyexaminerade poliser.   Metod: Studien som gjorts är genomförd med en kvalitativ forskningsdesign. Insamlingen av material har gjorts genom semi-strukturerade telefonintervjuer. Respondenterna bestod av nyexaminerade poliser.   Resultat och slutsatser: Studien visade på att de interna tillsammans med externa drivkrafterna bidrar till den högsta motivationen. Poliserna drevs i större grad av att hjälpa individer och samhället i stort, snarare än för sin egen vinning. Den externa motivationsfaktorn som efterfrågades mest var erkännande och uppskattning från kollegor och ledning. / Background: Motivation is important to push you to action which is something that everybody has experienced. Regardless what kind of action it is, there is always some kind of driving force behind it. We found motivation factors in the public sector as very interesting and especially within the police force, with their unique job assignments. This resulted in that we wanted to examine what motivates policemen.   Research question: What motivation factors instigate newly graduated policemen?   Purpose: The purpose with this study is to seek an understanding of what motivates newly graduated policemen.   Methodology: The study that has been done is performed with a qualitative research design. The received material has been conducted through semi-structured telephone interviews. The respondents consisted of newly graduated policemen.   Results and Conclusions: The study illustrates that intrinsic together with extrinsic driving forces contributes to the highest motivation effect. The policemen were driven in a higher degree when they helped individuals and the society as a hole rather than for their own interest. The extrinsic motivation factor that was most demanded was recognition and appreciation from their colleagues and by their management.

Este trabalho pretende apontar o acometimento do transtorno do estresse pós-traumático em policiais militares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, a autora utiliza sua experiência como psicóloga da PMERJ há 11 anos e descreve inúmeras situações sobre o cotidiano na referida corporação, os desafios de pesquisar a instituição onde trabalha, descreve como funciona o serviço de psicologia e como, a partir do lugar de psicóloga militar, enxerga o homem policial militar, sua identidade e a instituição Polícia Militar. É contextualizado o cenário de violência e criminalidade encontrado pelos policiais de nosso Estado nos últimos anos e são abordados aspectos da formação desses profissionais de segurança pública, que incluem a construção da negação do medo no exercício da atividade laboral e a aderência a um padrão de homem destemido e forte em todos os momentos. Há a tentativa de demonstrar como essas construções contribuem para o adoecimento psíquico desses trabalhadores, por impedi-los de se dar conta de suas fragilidades e limitações, estando sempre em busca de alcançar o padrão do super-homem valorizado como ideal. Discute-se o adoecimento mental entre policiais, especialmente o transtorno do estresse pós-traumático como um problema de saúde pública para além dos muros da PMERJ. São apresentadas as diretrizes atuais em nosso país no tocante a esta temática e por fim são descritas duas estórias detalhadas de policiais militares para ilustrar como a profissão pode atravessar a vida desses trabalhadores, de forma a modificá-las profundamente. / This thesis intends to point out the involvement of the post-traumatic stress disorder in Rio de Janeiro State Military Police (PMERJ). For this, the author uses her experience as a psychologist at PMERJ for 11 years and describes numerous situations on daily life in that corporation, the challenges of researching the institution where she works, describes the psychology service and how, from the place of military psychologist, military policeman sees the man, his identity and the institution Military Police. It contextualizes the scene of violence and crime found by the police in our state in recent years and discusses aspects of the formation of these public safety professionals, which include the construction of fear of denial in the exercise of labor activity and adherence to a standard of fearless and strong man at all times. There is an attempt to demonstrate how these constructs contribute to mental illness among these workers, by preventing them from realizing their weaknesses and limitations, and is always looking to achieve the standard of superman valued as ideal. It discusses mental illness among policemen, especially the post-traumatic stress disorder as a public health problem beyond the walls of PMERJ. Current guidelines are presented in our country with regard to this issue and finally two detailed stories of military police illustrate how the profession can permeate the life of these workers in order to modify them deeply.

Cette thèse a pour bilán l’analyse des constructions des identités professionelles des policiers militaries qui transitent entre la surveillance ostensive-répressive et ostensive-préventive dans la Brigada Militar. Nous cherchons à compreendre les différentes motivations qui les mettent en movement et analysons les differents réseaux forgés par des connexions interpersonnels et organization en tant que groupe. Le processus de formations des flux migratoires, à lintérieur de l’appareil policier militaire est rendu possible par lês réseaux qui se forment entre le lieu d’origine et celui de destination. / O presente estudo analisa a construção das identidades profissionais de policiais militares que migram de grupos e atividades profissionais que têm como base o policiamento ostensivo repressivo para grupos e atividades desenvolvidas no policiamento ostensivo preventivo, desvelando a mobilidade e os trajetos construídos pelos integrantes deste grupo, os processos relativos aos diferentes caminhos percorridos à sua organização atual: as suas vivências profissionais e a rede constituída por estes, a qual dá sustentação à migração, e às múltiplas relações que estabelecem com a comunidade de origem e com a comunidade hospedeira. / This study analyses the construction of professional identities of military policemen who migrate from groups and professional activities based on repressive ostensive policing to groups and activities based on preventive ostensive policing, unveiling the mobility and the paths constructed by the members of this group, the processes related to the different ways that were crossed steering to its present organization: their professional experiences, and the net composed by these people which sustains the migration and the multiple relations established with the original community and the host community.

Cette thèse a pour bilán l’analyse des constructions des identités professionelles des policiers militaries qui transitent entre la surveillance ostensive-répressive et ostensive-préventive dans la Brigada Militar. Nous cherchons à compreendre les différentes motivations qui les mettent en movement et analysons les differents réseaux forgés par des connexions interpersonnels et organization en tant que groupe. Le processus de formations des flux migratoires, à lintérieur de l’appareil policier militaire est rendu possible par lês réseaux qui se forment entre le lieu d’origine et celui de destination. / O presente estudo analisa a construção das identidades profissionais de policiais militares que migram de grupos e atividades profissionais que têm como base o policiamento ostensivo repressivo para grupos e atividades desenvolvidas no policiamento ostensivo preventivo, desvelando a mobilidade e os trajetos construídos pelos integrantes deste grupo, os processos relativos aos diferentes caminhos percorridos à sua organização atual: as suas vivências profissionais e a rede constituída por estes, a qual dá sustentação à migração, e às múltiplas relações que estabelecem com a comunidade de origem e com a comunidade hospedeira. / This study analyses the construction of professional identities of military policemen who migrate from groups and professional activities based on repressive ostensive policing to groups and activities based on preventive ostensive policing, unveiling the mobility and the paths constructed by the members of this group, the processes related to the different ways that were crossed steering to its present organization: their professional experiences, and the net composed by these people which sustains the migration and the multiple relations established with the original community and the host community.

Este trabalho pretende apontar o acometimento do transtorno do estresse pós-traumático em policiais militares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, a autora utiliza sua experiência como psicóloga da PMERJ há 11 anos e descreve inúmeras situações sobre o cotidiano na referida corporação, os desafios de pesquisar a instituição onde trabalha, descreve como funciona o serviço de psicologia e como, a partir do lugar de psicóloga militar, enxerga o homem policial militar, sua identidade e a instituição Polícia Militar. É contextualizado o cenário de violência e criminalidade encontrado pelos policiais de nosso Estado nos últimos anos e são abordados aspectos da formação desses profissionais de segurança pública, que incluem a construção da negação do medo no exercício da atividade laboral e a aderência a um padrão de homem destemido e forte em todos os momentos. Há a tentativa de demonstrar como essas construções contribuem para o adoecimento psíquico desses trabalhadores, por impedi-los de se dar conta de suas fragilidades e limitações, estando sempre em busca de alcançar o padrão do super-homem valorizado como ideal. Discute-se o adoecimento mental entre policiais, especialmente o transtorno do estresse pós-traumático como um problema de saúde pública para além dos muros da PMERJ. São apresentadas as diretrizes atuais em nosso país no tocante a esta temática e por fim são descritas duas estórias detalhadas de policiais militares para ilustrar como a profissão pode atravessar a vida desses trabalhadores, de forma a modificá-las profundamente. / This thesis intends to point out the involvement of the post-traumatic stress disorder in Rio de Janeiro State Military Police (PMERJ). For this, the author uses her experience as a psychologist at PMERJ for 11 years and describes numerous situations on daily life in that corporation, the challenges of researching the institution where she works, describes the psychology service and how, from the place of military psychologist, military policeman sees the man, his identity and the institution Military Police. It contextualizes the scene of violence and crime found by the police in our state in recent years and discusses aspects of the formation of these public safety professionals, which include the construction of fear of denial in the exercise of labor activity and adherence to a standard of fearless and strong man at all times. There is an attempt to demonstrate how these constructs contribute to mental illness among these workers, by preventing them from realizing their weaknesses and limitations, and is always looking to achieve the standard of superman valued as ideal. It discusses mental illness among policemen, especially the post-traumatic stress disorder as a public health problem beyond the walls of PMERJ. Current guidelines are presented in our country with regard to this issue and finally two detailed stories of military police illustrate how the profession can permeate the life of these workers in order to modify them deeply.

The study analyzes the status quo of the Czech Republic Police (PCR) as a fundamental element of the country{\crq}s Integrated Rescue System, especially on the level of its executive units of territorial competence that most often encounter and have to solve such situations. Furthermore, the study points out the areas where the PCR should improve its readiness to handle extraordinary events and suggests ways of implementing suitable solutions. One part of the study describes the status quo of the PCR primarily in the area of education, legislation, access to information, material provisions, and collaboration with other entities on solving emergency situations. The status quo of the PCR members{\crq} preparedness and scope of their knowledge about the relevant issues was explored using the method of a questionnaire survey, supplemented with interviews amongst the policemen at the Regional Directorate of the Police of the South-Bohemian Region. The results were thereupon compared with the set-out objectives, legislative provisions in the given area, and the results of other surveys. The data obtained confirmed my hypothesis or presumption that there is a lot of room for improvement in the level of preparedness of the PCR as a fundamental element of the Integrated Rescue System, especially in the area of policemen{\crq}s awareness of all the issues of concern. On the basis of the information obtained, certain measures were proposed with the aim of improving the situation, mainly by means of relevant training modules for policemen working in the field, as well as those on the different levels of management, publishing relevant comprehensive materials and easily accessible information, and creating methodological aides, primarily for policemen serving directly in the field.

Shirom y Melamed (2006) proponen una forma de medir el burnout basados en la teoría de conservación de los recursos (COR). El objetivo fue determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Shirom - Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM). La muestra se obtuvo mediante el muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo intencional por conveniencia, compuesta por 289 policías peruanos en servicio de ambos sexos entre los 20 a 61 años. Se realizó el análisis factorial exploratorio que confirmó la estructura original de tres factores (30.90%, 16.60% y 13.30% de varianza explicada) y cargas factoriales superiores a .30. Asimismo, se encontró una adecuada consistencia interna para las tres dimensiones. El factor fatiga física (ω = .88) y agotamiento emocional (ω = .82) obtuvieron alta consistencia interna mientras que el factor cansancio cognitivo (ω ≥ .65) obtuvo un puntaje aceptable. El SMBM cuenta con las propiedades psicométricas necesarias para considerarla una medida válida y confiable al usarla como instrumento de medición del burnout en futuras investigaciones. / Shirom & Melamed (2006) propose a way to gauge the burnout based on the Resource Conservation Theory (COR). The research objective is to establish “Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM)” psychometric properties. The sample size was composed by 289 both sexes peruvian policemen between 20 and 61 years old. The exploratory factor analysis was made confirming the three factors original structure, getting as a result factor loads higher than 30 (30.90%, 16.60% y 13.30%). Besides, Internal Consistency Coefficients calculated were acceptable for all three dimensions. Physical fatigue factor (ω =.88) and emotional exhaustion (ω =.82) got high internal consistency, while cognitive fatigue factor (ω ≥.65) got just an acceptable score. SMBM has the necessary psychometric properties to be considered valid and reliable as a Burnout measuring instrument on future investigations. / Tesis