Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-05T12:25:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Janaina Jeanine Martins de Lemos.pdf: 2611080 bytes, checksum: d1d2c6ec413abbc4cb5450d5df0a4be4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T12:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Janaina Jeanine Martins de Lemos.pdf: 2611080 bytes, checksum: d1d2c6ec413abbc4cb5450d5df0a4be4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-22 / The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age extremely common and heterogeneous clinical features. In cases of patients with ovarian polycystic wishing to treat infertility, metformin hydrochloride is the drug most widely used and considered safer compared to the other treatments. When diagnosing the syndrome, it has been observed that women have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, steatosis, fibrosis, abnormal liverenzyme factors and increased indicators of oxidative stress in plasma, raising concern among doctors about the disease in the liver. Furthermore, recent studies have linked oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diseases which cause infertility, for this reason, research has suggested the use of antioxidants such as melatonin, due to liver protecting effect in the pharmacological treatment or supplementation to combat these types of disease. However, there are no reports in the literature about association of metformin hydrochloride and melatonin for the treatment of PCOS. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of combination therapy of these drugs in rats induced to PCOS on to reproductive and liver. Thus, we used 75 albino rats were divided randomly into five groups of 15 animals. All rats except those in group I were subjected to induction of PCOS by constant illumination, and the rats of groups III, IV and V received treatment with the drug melatonin, metformin hydrochloride and the drug combination, respectively. After confirmation of PCOS and treatments, we analyzed the effects of plasma biochemical and hormonal treatments, and rats were mated and monitored during pregnancy for analysis of implantation sites, ovarian, weight gain, reproductive viability and levels of oxidative stress. At the end of the experiment was conducted histopathology, and immunohistochemistry staining of liver of rats and analysis of the puppies. Pharmacological treatments decreased the time allowed copulation, increased plasma levels of progesterone, the number and weight of pups and reduced plasma levels of estrogen and endometrial content of collagen fibers. In the liver, treatment with metformin hydrochloride, melatonin and more significantly the association of these drugs reduced plasma levels of the liver enzyme alanine trasaminase, nitric oxide and total glutathione, leading to results similar to the control group, were also observed similarities between those of control rats and rats that received a combination of drugs for the content of hepatic polysaccharide, and of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, we conclude that the association of metformin with melatonin provides the best results compared to the other treatments, in order to regulate hormonal and histochemical the reproductive system and increase the chance of conception resembling the control group, and the liver, the combination of drugs works more effectively against liver toxicity produced by PCOS, favoring normalization of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress during pregnancy, compared to therapies only these drugs. / A síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) é um distúrbio endócrino feminino extremamente comum na idade reprodutiva e apresenta quadro clínico bastante heterogêneo, entre eles os cistos foliculares ovarianos aumentados, hiperandrogenismo, infertilidade resistência à insulina, e dislipidemia. Em casos de pacientes com policistose ovariana que desejam tratar a infertilidade, o cloridrato de metformina é a droga mais utilizada e considerada mais segura em comparação com os demais tratamentos. Ao diagnosticar a síndrome, tem-se observado que mulheres apresentam grande prevalência a doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica, esteatose, fibrose, alterações hepático-enzimáticas e aumento do estresse oxidativo plasmático, elevando a preocupação dos médicos quanto às patologias hepáticas. Além disso, recentes estudos têm relacionado o estresse oxidativo na patogênese de doenças que causam a infertilidade, por esta razão, pesquisas tem sugerido a utilização de antioxidantes como a melatonina como suplemento a outras drogas. No entanto, não há relatos na literatura sobre a associação do cloridrato de metformina e melatonina para o tratamento da policistose ovariana. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da combinação terapêutica desses fármacos em ratas induzidas à SOP sobre os aspectos reprodutivos e hepáticos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 75 ratas albinas, divididas aleatoriamente em cinco grupos de 15 animais. Todas as ratas, exceto as do grupo I, foram submetidas à indução da SOP pela iluminação constante, e as ratas dos grupos III, IV e V receberam tratamentos com os fármacos melatonina, cloridrato de metformina e a associação destes, respectivamente. Após a confirmação da SOP e tratamentos, foram analisados os efeitos plasmáticos bioquímicos e hormonais dos tratamentos, e as ratas foram acasaladas para análise dos sítios de implantação e acompanhamento gestacional dos níveis de estresse oxidativo. Ao final do experimento foi analisada a histopatologia e imunohistoquímica do fígado das ratas. Os tratamentos farmacológicos diminuíram o número de dias para confirmação do acasalamento, aumentaram os níveis séricos de progesterona, bem como o número e o peso dos filhotes. Reduziram os níveis plasmáticos de estrógeno e teor de fibras colágenas. No fígado, os tratamentos com cloridrato de metformina, melatonina, e mais significativamente a associação destes fármacos, reduziram os níveis plasmáticos da enzima hepática alanina transaminase, do óxido nítrico e da glutationa total, levando a resultados semelhantes aos animais do grupo controle, mais uma vez, as ratas que receberam associação dos fármacos quanto assemelhou-se ao grupo controle quanto ao conteúdo hepático de polissacarídeos, e aos de citocinas próinflamatórias. Desta forma, pôde-se concluir que a associação do cloridrato de metformina com melatonina proporciona os melhores resultados em comparação aos demais tratamentos, de forma a regular hormonal e histoquimicamente o sistema reprodutor e aumentar as chances de concepção de forma semelhante ao grupo controle. No fígado a associação dos fármacos atuou de forma mais eficaz contra a toxicidade hepática produzida pela SOP experimental, favorecendo uma normalização dos parâmetros bioquímicos e estresse oxidativo durante a gestação, quando comparada às monoterapias destas drogas.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Objetivo: A resistÃncia insulÃnica com hiperinsulinemia compensatÃria exerce importante papel fisiopatolÃgico na SÃndrome dos OvÃrios MicropolicÃsticos (SOMP). Neste sentido o uso de substÃncias sensibilizantes à insulina, dentre as quais a melhor estudada à a metformina, tem sido proposto como terapia inicial na patologia. Nosso estudo se propÃe a avaliar a efetividade da metformina na dose de 1.000 mg ao dia por 90 dias, nos parÃmetros antropomÃtricos, metabÃlicos, da morfologia ultrassonogrÃfica ovariana, e dos efeitos colaterais, em pacientes portadoras de SOMP. Pacientes e MÃtodo: Ensaio clÃnico prospectivo, randomizado por tabela de nÃmeros aleatÃrios, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo, com 21 pacientes com SOMP, sendo 13 alocadas no grupo experimental (metformina), e oito alocadas no grupo controle (placebo). Foram analisados e comparados as mÃdias e desvio-padrÃes dos parÃmetros dentro de cada grupo, e entre os grupos, no recrutamento do estudo e apÃs 90 dias de tratamento. Resultados: As mÃdias das medidas basais das variÃveis estudadas foram semelhantes entre os grupos garantindo sua comparabilidade. As pacientes tratadas com metformina obtiveram reduÃÃo significativa de sua circunferÃncia da cintura e glicemia de jejum. Todos os outros parÃmetros analisados nÃo mostraram diferenÃa significativa entre os grupos. Efeitos colaterais foram relatados por 92,31% e 71,43% das pacientes dos grupos experimental e controle, respectivamente. Apenas trÃs (23,07%) pacientes do grupo experimental e nenhuma do grupo controle reportaram efeitos colaterais graves que requereram ajustes da medicaÃÃo. NÃo houve abandono da terapia ou perda de seguimento.ConclusÃo: o uso da metformina na dose de 1.000 mg por 90 dias reduziu significativamente a circunferÃncia da cintura e a glicemia de jejum em pacientes com SOMP, com boa tolerabilidade geral e mÃnima incidÃncia de efeitos colaterais relevantes. Talvez a melhora de parÃmetros mais diretamente relacionados à resistÃncia insulÃnica como a relaÃÃo cintura/quadril requeira doses mais altas e/ou maior tempo de administraÃÃo / Objectives: Insulin resistance that leads to hyperinsulinaemia plays major pathogenic role in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. This way, the use of insulin-sensitizing agents, like metformin that has been the most extensively studied drug, is suggested as the initial therapy for the disease. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of metformin 1,000 mg a day for 90 days in anthropometric and metabolic measurements, ovarian ultrasonographic morphology, and side effects, on patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Patients and Method: A randomized, by means of random numbers table, double-bind, placebo-controlled trial, including 21 PCOS patients. Thirteen patients were allocated at the treatment (metformin) group, and eight at the placebo group. The mean and standard-deviation of the measures were taken and analyzed into each group and between the groups on recruitment of the trial and after 90 days. Results: The mean values of the studied baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. The metformin group had significant reductions on waist circumference and fasting glucose. There were no significant differences in any other of the measurements. Side effects were referred by 92.31% and 71.43% of the treatment and placebo groups, respectively. Only three (23.07%) patients of treatment group and none of placebo group referred major side effects that request drug dose adjust. There were no drop-outs or lost of follow up. Conclusions: metformin at doses of 1,000 mg a day for 90 days was effective at waist circumference and fasting glucose reduction on PCOS patients, with good acceptance and mild side effects. Improvement of characteristics more related to insulin resistance, like the waist/hip ratio, probably need higher doses or longer course of use

Introdução:A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é a endocrinopatia mais comum em mulheres no menacme, com prevalência variando de 5 a 10%. A SOP está associada à elevação do risco cardiovascular e eventos metabólicos adversos, incluindo obesidade, resistência à insulina, dislipidemia e inflamação crônica de baixo grau. Apesar dos fatores de risco cardiovascular serem mais prevalentes em mulheres com SOP, não existe evidência científica de maior incidência de doença cardiovascular (DCV) nestas mulheres. Vários estudos reportaram alterações em marcadores de risco para DCV na SOP, porém ainda não foram determinados quais os marcadores ideais para a detecção precoce da DCV. Objetivo:Avaliar a presença de marcadores precoces de DCV em mulheres jovens e não-obesas com SOP. Casuística e Métodos:Foram incluídas 39 pacientes com SOP e 50 mulheressaudáveis, com ciclos menstruais regulares e pareadas por idade e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Através da ultra-sonografia foram avaliados os seguintes marcadores de DCV: índice de rigidez da artéria carótida comum, distensibilidade da artéria carótida comum, espessura da camada íntima-média da artéria carótida comum (IMT) e dilatação mediada pelo fluxo da artéria braquial (DMF). Foram avaliadas ainda variáveis antropométricas, hormonais e marcadores de inflamação em todas as participantes. Resultados: A idade e o IMC nas mulheres com SOP não apresentaram diferença quando comparados às mulheres do grupo controle (24,5 ± 3,80 vs 24,5 ± 5,1, 0,6, respectivamente).O índice de rigidez da carótida comum foi mais elevado no grupo SOP comparado ao grupo controle (3.6 ± 0.96 vs 3.1 ± 0.96, p= 0.04, respectivamente) e a distensibilidade da artéria carótida comum foi menor nas pacientes com SOP em comparação àquelas do grupo controle (0.3 ± 0.08 vs 0.4 ± 0.09, p=0.02, respectivamente). As pacientes com SOP apresentaram maior circunferência da cintura, testosterona total e free androgen index(FAI) em relação ao grupo controle (78.2 +10.0 vs 71.6 +7.2, p= 0,0004; 85.0 +32.4 vs 52.0 +21.3, p<0.0001 e 8.9 +28.7 vs 4.4 +2.3, p<0.0001, respectivamente), enquanto a sex hormone binding globulin(SHBG) mostrou-se reduzida na SOP quando comparadaao grupo controle (37.8 +19.1 vs 47.8 +18.3, p=0.01). As demais variáveis não diferiram entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstra que mulheres jovens com SOP apresentam alterações na elasticidade vascular mesmo na ausência de clássicos fatores de risco para DCV, como: resistência à insulina, hipertensão ou obesidade. / Introduction: The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease affecting 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is associated with an adverse metabolic and cardiovascular risk profile, including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and low-grade chronic inflammation. Although cardiovascular risk factors are more prevalent in women with PCOS, definitive evidence for an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is lacking. Several studies reported disorders in markers of CVD in PCOS patients, however they were not still certain whichare the best subclinical markers of CVD in these young women. Objective:To evaluate the early markers of CVD in young PCOSwomen. Material and Methods:Thirty nine PCOS women and 50 healthy age and bodymass index (BMI)-matched ovulatory controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Carotid stiffness index (?), carotid compliance, Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial arterial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measuredby ultrasonography. Anthropometric measurements, complete hormonal and metabolic (including inflammatory biomarkers) evaluation were done in all subjects. Results: ?was significantly higher in PCOS subjects than in healthy controls (3.7 ± 0.96 vs 3.3 ± 0.96, p= 0.04, respectively) and carotid compliance was lower in PCOS than in healthy controls (0.3 ± 0.08 vs 0.4 ± 0.09, p=0.02 respectively). PCOS patients also present elevated WC, total testosterone and free androgen index compared to control group (78.2 +10.0 vs 71.2 +7.2, p= 0,0004; 86.2 +32.1 vs 57.4 +21.2, p<0.0001 and 12.7 +15.7 vs 4.7 +2.4, p<0.0001. respectively). The sex hormone biding globulin was lower in PCOS women than in control group (37.3 +19.2 vs 47.8 +18.3, p=0.01). The other variables did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: Comparing to non-obese ovulatory controls, non-obese PCOS patients present impaired elastic properties in carotid artery, thatcould reflect vascular dysfunction associated with PCOS. However, endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers remain unaffected.

Orientadores: Cristina Laguna Benetti Pinto, Joyce Maria Annichino-Bizzacchi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T06:46:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendonca-Louzeiro_MariaRaquelMarquesFurtadode_M.pdf: 1924432 bytes, checksum: 662032611d6d778ba5a4f7f7764ce617 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Introdução: Os distúrbios hemostáticos são pouco estudados na Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP). Mulheres com SOP manifestam frequentemente fatores de risco tromboembólico como obesidade, hiperandrogenismo e resistência insulínica, representando evidências indiretas que sugerem maior probabilidade de alterações na coagulação. Objetivo: Avaliar alguns marcadores do sistema hemostático e sua associação com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais em mulheres com SOP. Sujeitos e Método: Estudo transversal para avaliação de 45 mulheres com SOP atendidas no Ambulatório de Ginecologia Endócrina do Departamento de Tocoginecologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UNICAMP, e de 45 mulheres com função gonadal normal, pareadas por idade em anos completos (± 2 anos) e IMC (± 2kg/m2). Foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos [circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril (CQ), relação cintura-quadril (C/Q), índice Ferriman-Gallwey (IFG)] e laboratoriais [glicemia de jejum, insulina de jejum, testosterona total (TT) e livre (TL)], e dosados os marcadores de hemostasia: inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio do tipo 1 (PAI-1), inibidor da fibrinólise ativado pela trombina (TAFI), D-dímero e teste de geração de trombina (TGT). Os dados foram comparados entre os grupos através dos testes t Student pareado ou Mann-Whitney. A correlação entre os marcadores de hemostasia e alguns parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de mulheres com SOP foi avaliada pelo índice de Pearson. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: As mulheres do grupo SOP e controles eram jovens (26,13 ± 4,31 e 26,22 ± 4,28 anos, respectivamente) e com sobrepeso (29,32 ± 6,37 e 29,25 ± 6,32kg/m2), tendo sido pareadas para estas variáveis (idade e IMC). Mulheres com SOP apresentaram maior relação C/Q (0,79 ± 0,08 e 0,76 ± 0,05, p=0,03), IFG (9,42 ± 5,32 e 0,62 ± 0,83, p<0,01), TT (0,53 ± 0,30 e 0,30 ± 0,29ng/ml, p<0,01) e TL (1,42 ± 1,00; 0,88 ± 0,32pg/ml, p=0,02) quando comparadas ao grupo-controle. Os grupos não diferiram quanto às dosagens de glicemia, insulina e HOMA-IR. Dentre os marcadores hemostáticos, observou-se que o tempo para o início da geração de trombina (T lag) do TGT apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos SOP e controle (25,65 ± 2,61 e 26,76 ± 2,11 s, p=0,03, respectivamente) significando que, nas mulheres com SOP, a geração de trombina ocorre mais rapidamente, sugerindo maior risco de hipercoagulabilidade. Nas mulheres com SOP, os níveis séricos dos marcadores fibrinolíticos PAI-1 e D-dímero correlacionaram-se positivamente com os parâmetros clínicos idade, IMC, CC, CQ e relação C/Q, enquanto que o TAFI correlacionou-se positivamente com IMC, CC e relação C/Q, ressaltando o papel da obesidade como fator de risco tromboembólico. Dentre os parâmetros laboratoriais, observou-se correlação direta do PAI-1 com insulina e HOMA-IR, e do TAFI, com glicemia. Nas mulheres com SOP, a idade correlacionou-se diretamente com PAI-1 e D-dímero e inversamente ao T lag e ao tempo para o pico de geração de trombina (Tmáx) do TGT, sugerindo que, com o avançar da idade, ocorra elevação dos níveis de PAI-1 e D-dímero (aumentando o risco de hipofibrinólise), e redução tanto do tempo até a primeira explosão de trombina ocorrer, quanto do tempo para o pico de geração de trombina, levando a um estado de hipercoagulabilidade. Os parâmetros IMC, CC e TL apresentaram correlação positiva direta com a concentração máxima de trombina (Cmáx) e com a área sob a curva (AUC) ou potencial de trombina endógena (ETP) do mesmo teste. Conclusão: Mulheres jovens com SOP geram trombina mais rapidamente que mulheres jovens de mesmo IMC sem a presença de SOP. A distribuição de gordura androide, o avanço da idade, a resistência insulínica e a testosterona livre podem influenciar diretamente alguns marcadores de hemostasia, elevando o risco tromboembólico / Abstract: Introduction: Few studies have been conducted on hemostatic disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In women with PCOS, thromboembolic risk factors such as obesity, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance are often present, indirectly suggesting a greater probability of coagulation disorders. Objective: To evaluate some markers of the hemostatic system and their association with the clinical and laboratory parameters of women with PCOS. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate 45 women with PCOS receiving care at the Gynecological Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and 45 women with normal ovarian function, paired for age (± 2 years) and body mass index (BMI) (± 2kg/m2). The following clinical parameters were evaluated: waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist/hip ratio (W/H ratio) and the Ferriman-Gallwey index (FGI), as well as the following laboratory parameters: fasting glucose, fasting insulin, total testosterone (TT) and free testosterone (FT). In addition, the hemostatic markers plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and D-dimer were measured and the thrombin generation test (TGT) was performed. The groups were compared using Student's paired t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. The correlation between the hemostatic markers and some clinical and laboratory parameters of women with PCOS was evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Significance level was defined at 5%. Results: Since the women in the PCOS group were paired with those in the control group according to age and BMI, the women in both groups were young (26.13 ± 4.31 and 26.22 ± 4.28 years, respectively) and overweight (29.32 ± 6.37 and 29.25 ± 6.32kg/m2, respectively). However, the women with PCOS had a higher W/H ratio (0.79 ± 0.08 and 0.76 ± 0.05; p = 0.03), FGI (9.42 ± 5.32 and 0.62 ± 0.83; p<0.01), TT (0.53 ± 0.30 and 0.30 ± 0.29ng/ml; p<0.01) and FT levels (1.42 ± 1.00 and 0.88 ± 0.32pg/ml; p = 0.02) compared to those in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to glucose or insulin levels or the homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). With respect to the hemostatic markers, the only statistically significant difference between the PCOS and the control group was in the thrombin generation lag-time (25.65 ± 2.61 and 26.76 ± 2.11 s, respectively, p = 0.03), meaning that thrombin generation was faster in the women with PCOS, suggesting a higher risk of hypercoagulability. In the women with PCOS, serum levels of the fibrinolytic markers PAI-1 and D-dimer correlated positively with the following clinical parameters: age, BMI, WC, HC and W/H ratio, whereas TAFI correlated positively with BMI, WC and with the W/H ratio, emphasizing the role of obesity as a risk factor for thromboembolism. Of the laboratory parameters, a direct correlation was found between PAI-1 and insulin and HOMA-IR and between TAFI and glucose. In the women with PCOS, age correlated positively with PAI- 1 and D-dimer and inversely with the lag time and the time to peak thrombin generation (Tmax) of the TGT, suggesting an increase in PAI-1 and D-dimer levels with increasing age (elevating the risk of hypofibrinolysis), as well as a reduction both in the time until the initial thrombin burst and in the time to peak thrombin generation, leading to a state of hypercoagulability. In addition, BMI, WC and FT correlated positively with the maximum concentration of thrombin (Cmax) and with the area under the thrombin generation curve (AUC) or the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in the same test. Conclusion: Thrombin generation is faster in young women with PCOS compared to young women with the same BMI but without PCOS. Android fat distribution, increasing age, insulin resistance and free testosterone may directly affect some hemostatic markers, increasing the risk of thromboembolism / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

Orientadores: Cristina Laguna Benetti Pinto, Daniela Angerame Yela Gomes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:47:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_SilviaRegina_M.pdf: 4150718 bytes, checksum: cd59beb6b418efdb06f6bbe2ca08f78f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Introdução: A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é uma desordem endócrina com alta prevalência que se caracteriza por oligomenorreia ou amenorréia, sinais clínicos e/ou bioquímicos de hiperandrogenismo, ovários policísticos. Tem como principais manifestações a irregularidade menstrual, hirsutismo e infertilidade, além de relacionar-se à obesidade, síndrome metabólica, hipertensão e diabetes mellitus. Estes sintomas e repercussões em longo prazo podem impactar negativamente a qualidade de vida e sexualidade das mulheres. Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e a sexualidade em mulheres com SOP, a influência da obesidade nestes aspectos. Desenho do Estudo: Estudo de coorte transversal. Material e Métodos: Foram avaliadas 150 mulheres com 18 a 40 anos, com diagnóstico de SOP, atendidas no período de janeiro a novembro de 2011 no Ambulatório de Ginecologia Endócrina do Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), sendo que 56 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. O grupo de controle foi composto por 102 mulheres com ciclos menstruais regulares, sem sinais de hiperandrogenismo clínico. Todas responderam a questionários para avaliação da função sexual (Índice de Função Sexual Feminina- IFSF) e da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL- bref). Análise Estatística: Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para avaliar a distribuição normal. Como os dados não apresentassem distribuição normal foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Whitney para a comparação entre os grupos. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 5% e o software utilizado para análise o SAS versão 9.2. Resultados: As mulheres com SOP e controles tinham média de idade de 26,98±4,9 e 35,6±7,3 anos, respectivamente (p<0,0001). O IMC médio era de 31,9±8,5 e 28,5±5,4 kg/m2 respectivamente (p<0,02). Na avaliação de qualidade de vida, verificou-se que as mulheres com SOP apresentaram pior escore no domínio em que avaliavam sua condição de saúde (p=0,01) e no escore total do WHOQOL-bref (p=0,02) do que as mulheres do grupo de controle. Com relação à função sexual, os grupos não diferiram para desejo sexual e orgasmo, porém excitação (p=0,03), lubrificação (p=0,04), satisfação (p<0,001), dor (p=0,01) e o escore total do IFSF (p=0,005) foram piores na presença de SOP do que nas mulheres do grupo de controle. No grupo com SOP, a presença de obesidade piora significativamente os domínios físico, psicológico, meio ambiente, saúde e o escore total de qualidade de vida, assim como reduz os domínios orgasmo e o índice de função sexual feminina. Conclusões: Mulheres com SOP apresentaram piora na qualidade de vida e na função sexual em relação a mulheres com função gonadal normal. O peso acima do normal é um fator de piora destes aspectos / Abstract: Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (POS) is an endocrine disorder with a high prevalence rate, characterized by oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. The main manifestations of the disorder are irregular menses, signs of hirsutism and infertility, in addition to its relationship with obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Over the long term, these symptoms and repercussions may negatively impact quality of life and sexuality in affected women. Objective: To assess quality of life and sexuality in women with POS, as well as the influence of obesity on these aspects. Study Design: A cross-sectional design was conducted. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty women aged 18 to 40 years, diagnosed with POS were assessed. These women had been seen from January to November 2011 in the Gynecological Endocrinology Outpatient Facility at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) School of Medicine. Of the total number of women, fifty-six patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The control group was composed of 102 women with regular menstrual cycles, with no signs of clinical hyperandrogenism. All responded to questionnaires evaluating sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index-FSFI) and quality of life (WHOQOL- bref). Statistical analysis: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess normal distribution. Since data did not show a normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the scores between both groups. A significance level of 5% was adopted and the software used for analysis was SAS version 9.2. Results: The mean age of patients with POS was 26.98±4.9 and 35.6±7.3 years, respectively (p<0.0001). The mean BMI was 31.9±8.5 and 28.5±5.4 kg/m,2 respectively (p<0.02).In the quality of life assessment, it was observed that women with POS had worse scores in the domain evaluating their health status(p=0.01) and total WHOQOL-brefs core (p=0.02) than women in the control group. Regarding sexual function, the groups did not differ in terms of sexual desire and orgasm, although arousal (p=0.03), lubrication (p=0.04), satisfaction (p<0.001), pain (p=0.01) and total FSFI score (p=0.005) were worse in the POS group, when compared to women from the control group. In the POS group, the presence of obesity significantly worsened the domains of physical health, psychological, environment, health status and total quality of life scores, as well as lowered the domain scores of orgasm and female sexual function index. A comparison between both groups of women with BMI indicating overweight or obesity, showed no difference in quality of life or sexual function. Conclusions: Women with POS had a worse quality of life and sexual functioning, in comparison to women with normal gonadal function. Weight above normal is a factor that worsens these aspects / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Mestra em Ciências da Saúde

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of previously identified Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifestations (infertility, hirsutism, obesity, menstrual problems) to multiple psychological symptoms. Participants were 126 female endocrinology patient volunteers diagnosed with PCOS who completed a cross-sectional study of PCOS manifestations and psychological symptoms. Participants had significantly elevated scores on nine subscales of psychological symptoms. Menstrual problems were significantly associated with all symptom subscales as well as the global indicator, while hirsutism and obesity were significantly related to five or more subscales. After controlling for demographic factors, menstrual problems were the strongest predictor of psychological symptoms. Findings suggest features of excess body hair, obesity, and menstrual abnormalities carry unique risks for adverse psychologic symptoms, but menstrual problems may be the most salient of these features and deserve particular attention as a marker for psychological risk among women with PCOS.

Bakgrund: Polycystiskt ovariesyndrom (PCOS) är en endokrin sjukdom som drabbar kvinnor i fertil ålder. PCOS har en mängd symtom som påverkar patientens mående genom förändrat utseende och infertilitet. Trots detta framgår det att förhållningssättet gentemot patientgruppen är komplex.  Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av att leva med polycystiskt ovariesyndrom. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie som inkluderar nio originalartiklar. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med stöd från Graneheim och Lundman. Resultat: Tre kategorier med åtta subkategorier presenteras. De tre kategorierna är kvinnans kontakt med sjukvården, kvinnans upplevda självbild samt sjukdomens roll i samlivet. Resultatet indikerar att gemensamt för kvinnorna är en känsla av frustration och sorg kring symtomen övervikt, ansiktsbehåring och infertilitet. Slutsats: Det är av vikt med fortsatt forskning för att kunna implementera tydligare riktlinjer kring handhavandet av patientgruppen och tillika mer djupgående omvårdnadsåtgärder redan innan diagnostisering, för minskat lidande. / Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease that affects fertile women. PCOS has a variety of symptoms that affects the patient's mood through altered appearance and infertility. Despite this, it appears that the approach to the patientgroup is complex. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women’s experience of living with polycystic ovary syndrome. Method: A qualitative literature review that includes nine original articles. Data were analyzed by a qualitative content analysis with support in Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Three categories with eight subcategories are presented. The three categories are the woman’s contact with healthcare, the woman’s perceived self-image and the role of the disease in cohabitation. The results indicate that common to the women is a feeling of frustration and sadness around the symptoms of obesity, facial hair and infertility. Conclusions: Continued research is important to be able to implement clearer guidelines for the management of the patient group and more in-depth nursing measures already within diagnosis, for reduced suffering.

Bakgrund: Polycystiskt ovarialsyndrom (PCOS) orsakas av obalans i kvinnans könshormoner och leder till bildning av cystor i äggstockarna. Syndromet rubbar kroppens hormonella och metabola funktioner vilket kan leda till övervikt och en negativ inverkan på kvinnans hälsa och livskvalitet. Vid PCOS rekommenderas livsstilsförändringar som första behandlingsalternativ i syfte att förbättra hälsan kortsiktigt och långsiktigt. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar vid PCOS ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats som baserades på strukturerade artikelsökningar. Elva artiklar med innehåll som svarade mot syftet bearbetades i en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i två huvudkategorier där den ena benämndes som Betydelsen av information om livsstilsförändringar och den andra som Värdet av att bemöta kvinnors omvårdnadsbehov. Kvinnor beskrev vårdpersonalens brist på kunskap om livsstilsförändringar som behandling vid PCOS. Vårdens bristande kunskap ledde till att de fick otillräcklig information och omvårdnad. De efterfrågade en omvårdnad som såg till alla deras behov. Konklusion: Berörda kvinnor skulle gynnas av att hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal får utbildning generellt om PCOS samt specifikt hur livsstilsförändringar kan förbättra symtombild och förhindra utveckling av följdsjukdomar. / Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is caused by imbalance in the female sex hormones, resulting in cystic ovaries. It also effects the hormonal and metabolic functions, which can lead to obesity and a negative impact on the overall health and quality of life. Lifestyle changes is the first-line treatment to improve women’s health both short and long term. Aim: To describe women’s experiences of lifestyle changes in PCOS, from a caring perspective. Method: A general literature study with an inductive approach was conducted. Eleven articles responded to the aim of the study and were analyzed through content analysis. Result: Based on the analysis the result was divided into two main categories; The importance of information on lifestyle changes and The value of meeting women’s nursing care needs. Women described the caregivers lack of knowledge regarding lifestyle change as treatment in PCOS. Women experienced that the caregivers lack of knowledge resulted in them receiving insufficient or missing information. Therefore, women emphasized the necessity of a nursing care that covered all their needs. Conclusion: Affected women would benefit from health care professionals receiving education on PCOS and specifically how lifestyle changes can improve the symptom picture and prevent the development of sequelae.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multidimensional endocrine disorder and the leading female infertility. PCOS is characterized as a clustering of clinical concerns, which include hyperandrogenism, obesity, and menstrual abnormalities/infertility. These characteristics were examined with regard to their impact on women's psychosocial concerns and health related quality of life. Design: Cross-sectional, correlational Setting: Private endocrinology practice in the rural Southeastern U.S. Participants: The study sample consisted of 126 women with PCOS. Methods: Convenience sampling yielded 126 subjects who met the diagnosis for PCOS, underwent laboratory testing and physical assessment, completed psychological and quality of life survey instruments and were included in data analysis. Results: Results of multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographic covariates, were completed on markers of hyperandrogenism, obesity and current fertility intent. Findings revealed hirsutism was significantly related to increased symptoms of anxiety and somatization and decreased quality of life among women with PCOS, while elevated androgen levels were significantly related to decreased quality of life. Current fertility intent significantly impacted symptoms related to interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, psychoticism, and the global symptom severity index. Specifically, women not currently trying to conceive had higher levels of these psychological symptom outcomes. Conclusion/Implications for nursing practice: Women with PCOS are at elevated risk for psychological distress, and psychological symptoms appear to increase with increasing severity of PCOS symptoms. Women not currently trying to conceive appear to be at higher risk for psychological distress and lower quality of life.

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multidimensional endocrine disorder and the leading female infertility. PCOS is characterized as a clustering of clinical concerns, which include hyperandrogenism, obesity, and menstrual abnormalities/infertility. These characteristics were examined with regard to their impact on women's psychosocial concerns and health related quality of life. Design: Cross-sectional, correlational Setting: Private endocrinology practice in the rural Southeastern U.S. Participants: The study sample consisted of 126 women with PCOS. Methods: Convenience sampling yielded 126 subjects who met the diagnosis for PCOS, underwent laboratory testing and physical assessment, completed psychological and quality of life survey instruments and were included in data analysis. Results: Results of multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographic covariates, were completed on markers of hyperandrogenism, obesity and current fertility intent. Findings revealed hirsutism was significantly related to increased symptoms of anxiety and somatization and decreased quality of life among women with PCOS, while elevated androgen levels were significantly related to decreased quality of life. Current fertility intent significantly impacted symptoms related to interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, psychoticism, and the global symptom severity index. Specifically, women not currently trying to conceive had higher levels of these psychological symptom outcomes. Conclusion/Implications for nursing practice: Women with PCOS are at elevated risk for psychological distress, and psychological symptoms appear to increase with increasing severity of PCOS symptoms. Women not currently trying to conceive appear to be at higher risk for psychological distress and lower quality of life.