No / This paper discusses theoretical and conceptual issues in leadership and how these apply to complex military operations in this global age. It identifies the reason for and the point at which the need for leadership arose among the early humans. It suggests the need for every human activity to be assessed within the context of its relative existence, based on the employment of accepted standards. Thereafter, the subject matter was treated under four main sections; namely, the Elements of Power, Leadership and its Sanctity, Concept of Military Operations, and Analosynthesis. With improvements in technology and mastery over their environments, the homo habilis gained control over their means of subsistence and the basic necessities of life. Their quest for better security and stability, in order to facilitate progressive developments, led to the emergence of community life. This was the stage at which the need for leadership, among humans, became apparent. Lessons on Leadership and Influence dictate that Power and Influence, which is one’s art of getting others to follow one’s lead, are best understood in terms of the interactions among the Elements of Power. The paper identified five enabling factors of power and influence; namely, how power works, how influence works, the TOPS Formula, the influence skills and cultural differences. These would enhance his ability to positively communicate with the led for maximum effect. Defined as a process of influencing a group of individuals to achieve a common goal, leadership is seen as a key variable in the development of human society. Any leader that fails to imbibe some ethical leadership values and principles that would guide his leadership, he would hardly gain the confidence and loyalty of the led. These include respect for others; service to others; justice, fairness and equity for all and sundry; honesty; resourcefulness; and truthfulness/trustworthiness – all leading to the building of a strong, united, virile and prosperous community. It is believed that the crises bedevilling Nigeria today, particularly Northern Nigeria, can be largely attributed to the negation of ethical values/principles on the part of our leaders, both past and present. It is hoped that the Change which Nigerian electorates voted for on 28th March 2015 would make the needed difference. A military operation is a set of activities characterised by mutual belligerent actions; regardless of how the opposing elements are defined, equipped or disposed. Hence, military operations may not be limited to the conventional battlefield; new forms of battlefields and domains of warfare will continue to emerge for as long as human technology is progressive. Currently, a critical analysis yields the existence of five warfare domains; namely, Land, Sea, Air, Space (Strategic Defence Initiative or Star Wars) and Cyber Space. In view of the above, even the concept of military operation, in terms of the troops that execute warfare, must also be re-assessed in tune with the dictates of globalisation. Thus, as opposed to seeing soldiers as some illiterates, dressed in ragtag attire and engaging in a “woo-chebe!” warfare; the contrary should now be the case. Soldiering should be seen as an enterprise for people traversing the entire levels of education/training throughout the social strata of the society; comprising the illiterate and semi-illiterate local informants, highly educated troops, and all shades of professionals and technocrats up to the University Professors, globally. Concomitantly, there is need to also re-evaluate, by reconfiguring and expanding, the concept of the military element of national power into a more suitable gauge of national strength - the socio-military element of national power. That is, the military is no longer expected to function effectively independent of its wider society setting. In a nutshell, for one to succeed as a leader of officers and men in a military operation, one must first of all imbibe the general principles/values of ethical leadership expected of all categories of leaders, as enumerated above. In addition to these, one must then train to internalise those other attributes that would sustain one in leadership position as one confronts an uncertain death; namely, valour, bravery, courage, faithfulness and an existence of a balanced coordination between a healthy mind and a healthy body. / Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF)

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-02-28T12:55:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Osni Packer_.pdf: 1793483 bytes, checksum: 5cc829d986439756b57cd5aa164fff68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-28T12:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Osni Packer_.pdf: 1793483 bytes, checksum: 5cc829d986439756b57cd5aa164fff68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-31 / UNIDAVI- Centro Universitário para o Desenvolvimento do Alto Vale do Itajaí / O Governo do Estado de Santa Catarina implementou uma reforma administrativa, estabelecendo a descentralização da estrutura de governo, com a criação das Agências de Desenvolvimento Regional (ADRs), cujo objetivo é possibilitar a execução de diversos projetos e ações na sua região de inserção. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o funcionamento de uma ADR, a partir dos fluxos de comunicação, interação estratégica, autorizações e/ou aprovações técnicas de projetos, e das posições de poder e influência de seus atores. Para estudar essa nova realidade, selecionou-se a 12.ª ADR de Rio do Sul. Para isso escolheram-se a metodologia de análise de redes sociais (ARS) e a abordagem quantitativa. Mensuraram-se diversas propriedades estruturais em nível de rede e de ator, elaborando-se sociogramas para cada uma das relações estabelecidas. Concluiu-se que a rede se apresenta com uma densidade baixa e pouco coesa. É bastante concentrada em determinados atores identificados com o poder e a influência; e há muitos atores periféricos. A baixa conexão entre os atores resulta em uma quantidade também baixa de poder na rede. Os atores que concentraram maior poder e influência foram o Secretário Executivo Regional, seguidos do Gerente de Administração, Finanças e Contabilidade, o Gerente de Educação e o Consultor Jurídico nas trocas de informações quanto na busca por interação, e nas autorizações e/ou aprovações de projetos aparecem o Secretário Executivo Regional, o Consultor Jurídico e o Controle Interno. Comparada à concepção da ADR, constatou-se que o funcionamento da Agência, na prática, possui fragilidades e, por ser uma rede esparsa, cujo funcionamento se concentra em poucos atores, e os atores periféricos não contribuírem relevantemente para seu desempenho, apresenta dificuldades principalmente na operacionalização dos projetos. Sugere-se reestruturação que congregue os atores periféricos em todos os fluxos ou uma estrutura com menor número de atores para maior agilidade. Este estudo proporciona parâmetros para gestores públicos analisarem as administrações voltadas para uma nova estrutura e para a governança. Para a academia, o estudo contribuiu para o crescimento do conhecimento sobre o campo estudado, a partir da perspectiva das redes sociais. / The Government of the State of Santa Catarina implemented an administrative reform, establishing the decentralization of the government structure, with the creation of Regional Development Agencies (ADRs), whose objective is to enable the execution of several projects and actions in its region of insertion. The purpose of this study was to analyze the functioning of an ADR, based on communication flows, strategic interaction, technical approvals and / or approvals of projects, and the positions of power and influence of its actors. In order to study this new reality, the 12th ADR of Rio do Sul was selected. The methodology of social network analysis (ARS) and the quantitative approach were chosen. Several structural properties were measured at network and actor level, and sociograms were elaborated for each of the relationships established. It was concluded that the network presents a low density and little cohesion. It is rather concentrated on certain actors identified with power and influence; and there are many peripheral actors. The low connection between the actors results in a very low amount of power in the network. The actors who concentrated the greatest power and influence were the Regional Executive Secretary, followed by the Administration, Finance and Accounting Manager, the Education Manager and the Legal Adviser in the exchange of information as to the search for interaction, and in the authorizations and / or approvals of projects include the Regional Executive Secretary, the Legal Adviser and the Internal Control. Compared with the concept of ADR, it has been found that the functioning of the Agency in practice is fragile and, because it is a sparse network whose operation is concentrated in few actors, and the peripheral actors do not contribute significantly to its performance, presents difficulties mainly in the operationalization of the projects. It is suggested a restructuring that brings together the peripheral actors in all the flows or a structure with smaller number of actors for greater agility. This study provides parameters for public managers to analyze administrations focused on a new structure and governance. For the academy, the study contributed to the growth of knowledge about the field studied, from the perspective of social networks.

Abstract  The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived power and influence of superintendents in relation to their state-appointed role in the Education Act, and the autonomy it provides. This qualitative study uses Foucault’s analysis of power as its theoretical framework. The empirical data collects through semi-structured interviews with in total thirteen superintendents employed by municipals or independent schoolboards. Superintendents employed by independent schoolboards have generally been under-researched previously and this makes this study an important contribution. The empirical data is analysed using three of Foucault’s concepts of power: governance, power and counter-power, and power and knowledge. The results indicate a notable variation in the perceptions of superintendents regarding their power and influence. The context in which they operate, as well as the ownership or operation of the schools, also plays a role for the superintendents´ perceptions of power and influence. The results indicates that superintendents have power and highlight a significant difference between the role of a superintendent in an independent organization compared to a superintendent working in a municipal organization. The superintendent employed by an independent schoolboard has a more defined and distinct role compared to a superintendent in a municipal schoolboard. Furthermore, the results indicates that the superintendent’s perception of their power and influence depends due to several factors in the surrounding society for example, voter groups, conservation interests, skills shortage, and unemployment.        Keywords  superintendent, schoolboard, educational leadership, school management, Foucault, power and influence / Sammanfattning  Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för vilken makt och vilket inflytande skolchefer uppfattar att de har kopplat till det statliga skolchefsuppdraget, samt vilket upplevt handlingsutrymme det ger. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer. Insamling av empiriska data sker genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt tretton skolchefer för fristående och kommunala verksamheter. I studien deltar flera skolchefer från enskilda huvudmän vilka det finns lite forskning om sedan tidigare vilket ökar studiens relevans. Foucaults maktanalys används som teori i studien och analysen av empirin genomförs med hjälp av tre av Foucaults maktbegrepp; styrning, makt och motmakt och makt och kunskap. Resultatet visar att det är stor skillnad mellan hur de olika skolcheferna uppfattar sin makt och sitt inflytande. Dessutom visar resultatet på stor skillnad mellan skolchefens uppdrag hos en enskild huvudman jämfört med en kommunal huvudman. Skolchefen hos en enskild huvudman har ett mer avgränsat och tydligt uppdrag än vad en skolchef i en kommunal verksamhet har. Skolchefen har en betydelsefull roll, och deras uppfattning om sin makt, inflytande och därmed handlingsutrymme formas av flera faktorer i det omkringliggande samhället som till exempel väljargrupper, bevarandeintressen, kompetensbrist och arbetslöshet. Skolchefsrollen påverkas av skillnader i styrningen och organisering mellan olika huvudmän och det ställs olika förväntningar på skolchefen beroende av vilken huvudman som äger eller driver skolorna.        Nyckelord  skolchef, huvudman, skolstyrelse, styrning, Foucault, makt och inflytande

Ces dernières années, le centre de gravité géopolitique du monde se déplace progressivement vers l’Asie-Pacifique, un phénomène marqué notamment par l’influence croissante de la Chine et de son rôle joué dans cette région. En même temps, l’influence considérable des médias en tant qu’acteurs essentiels dans la mutation géopolitique pousse le gouvernement chinois à renforcer son soft power, visant à promouvoir l’influence et le rayonnement du pays à travers ses médias. Cela nous invite à examiner le rôle des médias chinois dans le pouvoir d’influence de la Chine en Asie-Pacifique sur la période récente (2007 – 2016). Reposant sur l’analyse de contenus des médias chinois, notre étude de la représentation de l’influence chinoise en Asie-Pacifique montre que ceux-ci s’attachent plus à exposer la puissance militaire, les pouvoirs d'influence économique et politique de la Chine, alors que le soft power culturel du pays (tel son rayonnement en Asie de l’Est) n'est pas mis en évidence. Notre recherche montre ensuite que les médias chinois sont devenus des acteurs essentiels dans les conflits géopolitiques en Asie-Pacifique, qu’ils contribuent à façonner une image de respectabilité et à promouvoir les visions du monde de la Chine. Cependant, l’influence des médias chinois en Asie-Pacifique est limitée, puisqu’ils restent un outil de propagande visant à nourrir le nationalisme domestique et à défendre le régime chinois actuel. / The geopolitical center of the world is gradually shifting towards the Asia-Pacificregion in recent years, and this change is marked in particular by the growinginfluence of China and its role in this region. At the same time, the massiveinfluence of the media as key players in the geopolitical mutation is pushing theChinese government to strengthen its soft power and to promote the influence ofthe country through its media. This brings us to examine the role of the Chinesemedia in China's power of influence in Asia-Pacific from 2007 to 2016.Based on the analysis of Chinese media, our study on China's influence onAsia-Pacific region shows that the Chinese media focus more on China's militarypower, economic and political influence, while the soft cultural power of thecountry is not highlighted. Our research then shows that the Chinese media havebecome key players in Asia-Pacific geopolitical conflicts, helping to shape aChinese respectability image and promoting its worldviews. However, theinfluence of the Chinese media on Asia-Pacific is limited, as they remain a tool ofpropaganda to nourish nationalism, and defend its current regime.

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本研究主要在建立1996-2008年間建商的存活預警模型，探討眾多危機事件中對於建商存活的影響力分析。研究所稱建商包括「建設公司」以及有從事建設業的相關公司。在台灣地區位屬火車頭角色的建設業具有舉足輕重的影響力，但其營運的財務槓桿較其他產業高，營運狀況易受景氣波動的影響，因此在事件的產生時對於投資者、銀行的應變處理便顯得相對重要。 危機事件所指除了證管會、台灣經濟新報資料庫的危機認定外，另加入財務之外的事件研究並加以定義。存活預警模型的建立是先以各種事件的相關性分析以了解各種事件的顯著性，並且量化分類後的影響事件，再進行羅吉特分析與存活分析的比對，選擇較適模型與影響力較大的危機事件進行實證分析。研究實證結果如下： 一 危機事件越多，建商經營越不穩定，存亡事件產生機率越高；影響公司存活的共通因子對於公司危機產生的共同預警變數有一定程度上的共通性，且都具有顯著性。 二 本研究將危機事件分類為財務面、監理面、經營面，存亡事件選定有終止上市、全額交割股、掏空三種。經實證後得知，財務面之外的預警變數亦能提供投資人及銀行產業了解公司經營的穩定度。在眾多預警變數中，又以重整、紓困跳票違約、董監事改選對於終止上市影響較大；對全額交割股的影響則以董監事改選、警示股、景氣因素以及利益輸送影響較大；對掏空的影響則以重整、警示股、財務結構較具顯著性。 三 存活期間與存活機率相關性比較中，以景氣預警變數而言，若產生全額交割事件，則產生存亡事件的機率非常高，公司得以存活期間較短。以重整預警變數而言，公司重整後，產生存亡事件的機率非常高，也就是說公司得以存活的期間較其他預警變數短。 四 景氣循環對於建商經營有非常大的影響，不景氣時產生具顯著性的危機事件，將會在較短期間後產生存亡事件。 / The goal of our study is establishing the survival model in the building construction companies during 1996-2008. The real estate developers in this study included “building construction companies” and the “property stock companies” which operate building construction businesses. Building construction companies are common known as a pivotal role in the power of influence by the general public, but the financial leverage is higher than other industries. Operating condition of construction companies is effected by the real estate cycle; in hence it is relative importance of the investers, banks, which the crisis events occurred. The crisis events in this study are not only the definition of Taiwan Stock Exchange and Taiwan Economic Journal Data Bank but also the events besides financial side. The study of survival model, in the beginning, is to analyze the correlation of crisis events to understand the significance of events, quantify the classified of the entire crisis event, and then to compare the results between the Logistic Analysis and the Survival Analysis. Finally, choose the appropriate model and the more influence crisis events to do the empirical analysis. The empirical analysis results of our study are as follows: 1. The more the crisis events occurred, the more the probability of failure events will occur. 2. Our study classified the crisis events into three different species, financial side, supervision side, business side. We choose company delisting, full delivery stock company, and company emptied as the failure events. 3. Compare the correlation of survival period with survival probability. In terms of company reorganized variable, for example, after reorganizing the building construction company, the probability of failure events are getting higher, and the survival duration get shorter than other crisis events. 4. The real estate cycle impact the building construction companies a lot. If significant crisis events occurred during downturn of the real estate cycle, the failure events will be generated in such a short time.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-131) / This study investigates the place of the Shona-Karanga women as reflected in Shona proverbs concerning women. Reviewed literature covers the world, African and Zimbabwean perspectives on women. It discusses and examines changes in the role and status of Shona –Karanga women in the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods. The study examines men’s attitude towards women, women’s attitude towards themselves and women’s responsibilities in Shona-Karanga communities in relation to Shona proverbs. Proverbial statements discussed were from participants and other sources. Government’s effort in improving the women’s status was examined. The study uses mixed research methods of data generation and presentation. Research findings show that women lost their glory during the colonial period but the blame is levelled against Karanga culture which actually holds women with high esteem. The study established that most participants were ignorant of proverbs concerning women. The research was an eye opener to women about the tremendous potential they have / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)