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A institucionalização do plano plurianual (PPA): um estudo no governo federal brasileiro nos períodos de 2000-2003 e 2004-2007 / The institutionalization of the plurianual plan (PPA): a study in the Brazilian federal government in the periods 2000-2003 and 2004-2007Ivan Trizi Amorim 18 November 2016 (has links)
A promulgação da Carta Magna de 1988 resgatou a prática do planejamento governamental no Brasil ao trazer sua previsão constitucional, notadamente do plano plurianual (PPA), que se iniciou no período de 1991-1996 e encontra-se no período de 2016-2019. O PPA é um instrumento que determina, entre outros, as diretrizes, objetivos e metas da administração. Dito isso, esta pesquisa propõe o estudo da institucionalização do planejamento governamental na gestão pública contemporânea brasileira, tendo como instrumentos os PPAs do nível federal dos períodos de 2000 a 2003 e 2004 a 2007. Utilizando-se da pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas análises documentais, revisão da literatura e entrevistas. Os resultados apresentados demonstram as inovações trazidas e a identidade constituída pelo PPA 2000-2003, tendo sua metodologia continuada e aprofundada no PPA seguinte, relativo ao período de 2004-2007. / The sealing of Magna Carta in 1988 recovers the practice of public planning in Brazil through the Constitutional forecast, known as plurianual plan (PPA). The first plan was introduced in 1991-1996 and the currently plan is 2016-2019. PPA is a instrument of governmental planning which also establish guidelines, goals and targets. Accordingly it, the purpose of this article is to study the institutionalization of governmental plan in the contemporary Brazilian public administration, using as support the Federal PPAs 2000-2003 and 2004-2007. It was used qualitative research, specifically documental analysis, bibliographic review and interviews. The results shows the innovation and identity achieved in the PPA 2000-2003 and the methodology maintained in the following, PPA 2004-2007.
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Representations of Spatial Frequency, Depth, and Higher-level Image Content in Human Visual CortexBerman, Daniel January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
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Streamlined Extract Preparation for E. coli-Based Cell-Free Protein Synthesis and Rapid Site-Specific Incorporation of Unnatural Amino Acids in ProteinsShrestha, Prashanta 07 December 2012 (has links)
This thesis reports the viability of E. coli cell extracts prepared using equipment that is both common to biotechnology laboratories and able to process small volume samples and expression of proteins containing unnatural amino acids (UAAs) at higher level using PCR amplified linear DNA templates (LETs) in cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system. E. coli-based cell extracts are a vital component of inexpensive and high-yielding CFPS reactions. However, effective preparation of E. coli cell extract is limited to high-pressure homogenizers (French press style or impinge-style) or bead mill homogenizers, which all require a significant capital investment. This work specifically assessed the following capital cost lysis techniques: (1) sonication, (2) bead vortex mixing, (3) freeze-thaw cycling, and (4) lysozyme incubation to prepare E. coli cell extract for CFPS. In this work, simple shake flask fermentation with a commercially available E. coli strain was used. Additionally, the RNA polymerase was over expressed in the E. coli cells prior to lysis which eliminated the need to add independently purified RNA polymerase to the CFPS reaction. As a result, high yielding E. coli-based cell extract was prepared using equipment requiring reduced capital investment and common to biotechnology laboratories. To our knowledge, this is the first successful prokaryote-based CFPS reaction to be carried out with extract prepared by sonication or bead vortex mixing. LETs are an attractive alternative to plasmids for site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids in proteins in the CFPS system because of their short preparation time and ease of production. However, major limitations associated with LETs are: (1) their degradation by RecBCD enzyme present in the cell-extract used for CFPS and (2) high CFPS energy costs. In this work, we report the optimization of LET-based CFPS for improved protein yield by inhibiting the RecBCD enzyme with small inhibitor molecules resulting in three fold increment in yield of protein containing UAA. We also assessed alternative energy sources such as glucose, fructose-1,6-bisphospate, creatine phosphate/creatine kinase, and high glutamate salt for cost reduction. This work could be important for high-throughput applications based on linear expression templates. This work demonstrates simple E. coli extract preparation and improved yield with linear expression templates for further advancements of cell-free protein synthesis system.
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Study of Blast-induced Damage in Rock with Potential Application to Open Pit and Underground MinesTrivino Parra, Leonardo Fabian 31 August 2012 (has links)
A method to estimate blast-induced damage in rock considering both stress waves and gas expansion phases is presented. The method was developed by assuming a strong correlation between blast-induced damage and stress wave amplitudes, and also by adapting a 2D numerical method to estimate damage in a 3D real case. The numerical method is used to determine stress wave damage and provides an indication of zones prone to suffer greater damage by gas expansion. The specific steps carried out in this study are: i) extensive blast monitoring in hard rock at surface and underground test sites; ii) analysis of seismic waveforms in terms of amplitude and frequency and their azimuthal distribution with respect to borehole axis, iii) measurement of blast-induced damage from single-hole blasts; iv) assessment and implementation of method to utilize 2D numerical model to predict blast damage in 3D situation; v) use of experimental and numerical results to estimate relative contribution of stress waves and gas penetration to damage, and vi) monitoring and modeling of full-scale production blasts to apply developed method to estimate blast-induced damage from stress waves.
The main findings in this study are: i) both P and S-waves are generated and show comparable amplitudes by blasting in boreholes; ii) amplitude and frequency of seismic waves are strongly dependent on initiation mode and direction of propagation of explosive reaction in borehole; iii) in-situ measurements indicate strongly non-symmetrical damage dependent on confinement conditions and initiation mode, and existing rock structure, and iv) gas penetration seems to be mainly responsible for damage (significant damage extension 2-4 borehole diameters from stress waves; > 22 from gas expansion). The method has the potential for application in regular production blasts for control of over-breaks and dilution in operating mines. The main areas proposed for future work are: i) verification of seismic velocity changes in rock by blast-induced damage from controlled experiments; ii) incorporation of gas expansion phase into numerical models; iii) use of 3D numerical model and verification of crack distribution prediction; iv) further studies on strain rate dependency of material strength parameters, and v) accurate measurements of in-hole pressure function considering various confinement conditions.
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Study of Blast-induced Damage in Rock with Potential Application to Open Pit and Underground MinesTrivino Parra, Leonardo Fabian 31 August 2012 (has links)
A method to estimate blast-induced damage in rock considering both stress waves and gas expansion phases is presented. The method was developed by assuming a strong correlation between blast-induced damage and stress wave amplitudes, and also by adapting a 2D numerical method to estimate damage in a 3D real case. The numerical method is used to determine stress wave damage and provides an indication of zones prone to suffer greater damage by gas expansion. The specific steps carried out in this study are: i) extensive blast monitoring in hard rock at surface and underground test sites; ii) analysis of seismic waveforms in terms of amplitude and frequency and their azimuthal distribution with respect to borehole axis, iii) measurement of blast-induced damage from single-hole blasts; iv) assessment and implementation of method to utilize 2D numerical model to predict blast damage in 3D situation; v) use of experimental and numerical results to estimate relative contribution of stress waves and gas penetration to damage, and vi) monitoring and modeling of full-scale production blasts to apply developed method to estimate blast-induced damage from stress waves.
The main findings in this study are: i) both P and S-waves are generated and show comparable amplitudes by blasting in boreholes; ii) amplitude and frequency of seismic waves are strongly dependent on initiation mode and direction of propagation of explosive reaction in borehole; iii) in-situ measurements indicate strongly non-symmetrical damage dependent on confinement conditions and initiation mode, and existing rock structure, and iv) gas penetration seems to be mainly responsible for damage (significant damage extension 2-4 borehole diameters from stress waves; > 22 from gas expansion). The method has the potential for application in regular production blasts for control of over-breaks and dilution in operating mines. The main areas proposed for future work are: i) verification of seismic velocity changes in rock by blast-induced damage from controlled experiments; ii) incorporation of gas expansion phase into numerical models; iii) use of 3D numerical model and verification of crack distribution prediction; iv) further studies on strain rate dependency of material strength parameters, and v) accurate measurements of in-hole pressure function considering various confinement conditions.
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Intégration monolithique en 3D : étude du potentiel en termes de consommation, performance et surface pour le nœud technologique 14nm et au-delà / 3D Monolithic Integration : performance, Power and Area Evaluation for 14nm and beyondAyres de sousa, Alexandre 16 October 2017 (has links)
L'intégration 3DVLSI, également connue sous le nom d'intégration monolithique ou séquentielle, est présentée et évaluée dans cette thèse comme une alternative à la réduction du nœud technologique des circuits logiques CMOS. L’avantage principal de cette technologie par rapport à l'intégration parallèle 3D, déjà existante, est l'alignement précis entre les niveaux, ce qui permet des contacts 3D réduits et plus proches. Un autre avantage, extrêmement favorable à l’approche 3DVLSI, est l’amélioration du placement et du routage par rapport aux circuits planaires, notamment parce qu’elle permet des interconnexions plus courtes et qu’elle offre a un degré de liberté supplémentaire dans la direction Z pour la conception. Par exemple, les fils les plus longs dans les circuits planaires peuvent ainsi être réduits grâce aux contacts 3DCO, en diminuant les éléments parasites d'interconnexion. Il est ainsi possible d’augmenter la vitesse du circuit et de réduire la puissance électrique. Dans ce contexte, la thèse a été divisée en deux parties. La première partie traite de l’évaluation de la Consommation, des Performances et de la Surface (CPS) et donne des recommandations pour la conception des circuits 3D. La deuxième partie traite la variabilité des circuits 3D en utilisant un modèle statistique unifié, et en proposant une approche pour la variabilité des circuits multi-niveaux. / 3DVLSI integration, also known as monolithic or sequential integration is presented and evaluated in this thesis as a potential contender to continue the scaling for CMOS logic circuits. The main advantage of this technology compared to the already existing 3D parallel integration is its high alignment among tiers, enabling small size and pitch with the inter-tier contacts (3DCO). Another great 3DVLSI feature is its improved capability to place and route circuits, compared to the planar approach: the interconnections can be shorter as the design has an additional degree of freedom in the Z direction. For instance, long wires in planar circuits can cut thanks to 3DCO contacts, lowering the interconnection parasitic elements and speeding up the circuit as well as reducing the power. In this framework, the thesis has been divided into two parts: the first part is dedicated to the evaluation of Performance, Power and Area (PPA) of 3D circuits and gives design guidelines. The second part treats the variability in 3D circuits by using a 3D unified statistical model and propose an approach for the multi-tier variability.
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Transparência das informações sobre políticas públicas no governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro: análise e proposta de intervençãoSilva, Leandro de Almeida 29 November 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-29 / Este trabalho constitui-se de uma análise e uma proposta de intervenção sobre a transparência das informações sobre as políticas públicas propostas pelo Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entende-se como essas informações, aquelas relativas a elaboração e execução dos bens e serviços entregues à sociedade, e que constam no Plano Plurianual (PPA). Historicamente, o Rio de Janeiro possui uma administração centralizada com fortes traços patrimonialistas, fraca tradição em planejamento e grande restrição ao acesso à informação. Tendo essas questões como pano de fundo, decorrem algumas inconsistências visíveis tanto em nível estratégico de governo quanto em nível mais específico no âmbito dos órgãos da administração pública fluminense, cuja análise foi realizada sob três dimensões: física, intelectual e comunicacional. Disto, propõe-se o desafio de contribuir para a transparência das informações sobre políticas públicas, a partir das determinações constantes nas normas vigentes sobre transparênca, dos estudos já realizados sobre o tema, das boas práticas no setor público e das inconsistências encontradas no governo fluminense. Dessas análises, foram propostas ações e recomendações para melhoria, e elencados os benefícios esperados decorrentes dessa intervenção. / This paper consists of an analysis and a proposal for intervention on the transparency of information of public policies proposed by the state government of Rio de Janeiro. It´s understood as such information, those related to development and implementation of products and services delivered to society, included in the Plano Plurianual (PPA), a four year long-term plan. Historically, Rio de Janeiro has a centralized administration with strong patrimonial traits, weak tradition in planning and serious restriction on access to information. Having these issues as a backdrop, there´s some inconsistencies visible both at the strategic and specific level of the Rio de Janeiro government, whose analysis was performed in three dimensions: physical, intellectual, and communicational. From this analisys, comes the challenge to contribute to improve the transparency of information of public policies, consider studies and determinations in the current regulations on transparency, good practices in the public sector and inconsistencies detected in the Rio de Janeiro state government. Finally, the paper suggest actions and recommendations for improving transparency and list the expected benefits resulting from such intervention.
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Komplexní systém řízení výroby stroje plnící linky lahví / The complex control system of production of bottle filling line machineKarola, Ladislav January 2012 (has links)
The Master’s Thesis is focused to introduction MES systems and factory information systems. Describes main advantages of applying MES systems and describes concept of Six Big Losses, which characterise main losses in production. For quantification of losses are used indicators like OEE. Next part is simulation data of Filler Machine and producing via OPC Server. Main application made in software SIMATIC IT by Siemens is collecting, processing and archiving data to PPA database due to rules and setups. Presentation of data is powered by Data Report which provides overview of efficiency and main losses in production.
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Intelligent based Packet Scheduling Scheme using Internet Protocol/Multi-Protocol Label Switching (IP/MPLS) Technology for 5G. Design and Investigation of Bandwidth Management Technique for Service-Aware Traffic Engineering using Internet Protocol/Multi-Protocol Label Switching (IP/MPLS) for 5GMustapha, Oba Z. January 2019 (has links)
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) makes use of traffic engineering (TE)
techniques and a variety of protocols to establish pre-determined highly
efficient routes in Wide Area Network (WAN). Unlike IP networks in which
routing decision has to be made through header analysis on a hop-by-hop
basis, MPLS makes use of a short bit sequence that indicates the forwarding
equivalence class (FEC) of a packet and utilises a predefined routing table to
handle packets of a specific FEC type. Thus header analysis of packets is not
required, resulting in lower latency. In addition, packets of similar
characteristics can be routed in a consistent manner. For example, packets
carrying real-time information can be routed to low latency paths across the
networks. Thus the key success to MPLS is to efficiently control and distribute
the bandwidth available between applications across the networks.
A lot of research effort on bandwidth management in MPLS networks has
already been devoted in the past. However, with the imminent roll out of 5G,
MPLS is seen as a key technology for mobile backhaul. To cope with the 5G
demands of rich, context aware and multimedia-based user applications, more
efficient bandwidth management solutions need to be derived.
This thesis focuses on the design of bandwidth management algorithms, more
specifically QoS scheduling, in MPLS network for 5G mobile backhaul. The
aim is to ensure the reliability and the speed of packet transfer across the
network. As 5G is expected to greatly improve the user experience with
innovative and high quality services, users’ perceived quality of service (QoS)
needs to be taken into account when deriving such bandwidth management
solutions. QoS expectation from users are often subjective and vague. Thus
this thesis proposes the use of fuzzy logic based solution to provide service aware and user-centric bandwidth management in order to satisfy
requirements imposed by the network and users.
Unfortunately, the disadvantage of fuzzy logic is scalability since dependable
fuzzy rules and membership functions increase when the complexity of being
modelled increases. To resolve this issue, this thesis proposes the use of neuro-fuzzy to solicit interpretable IF-THEN rules.The algorithms are
implemented and tested through NS2 and Matlab simulations. The
performance of the algorithms are evaluated and compared with other
conventional algorithms in terms of average throughput, delay, reliability, cost,
packet loss ratio, and utilization rate.
Simulation results show that the neuro-fuzzy based algorithm perform better
than fuzzy and other conventional packet scheduling algorithms using IP and
IP over MPLS technologies. / Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND)
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Exploring item response theory in forced choice psychometrics for construct and trait interpretation in cross-cultural contextHuang, Teng-Wei 03 1900 (has links)
This thesis explores item response theory (IRT) in the Personal Profile Analysis (PPA)
from Thomas International. The study contains two parts (Part 1 and Part II) for which
two sample groups were collected. For Part I of the research 650 participants were
collected via the old form (CPPA25/C7) in the Beijing office of Thomas International in
China (male=323, Female=267, missing=60). Part II of the research used the
amended form in the same area and collected a sample of 307 (male=185, female=119,
missing=3).
The study postulates that IRT methods are applicable to forced-choice psychometrics.
The results of Part I showed that the current CPPA form functions, to some extent,
according to PPA’s original constructs. Part I of the research identified 16 items that
need to be amended (called Amend A in this research). The amended form was
returned to China for the collection of samples for Part II, and the results are deemed
acceptable.
The study concludes with a research protocol for PPA-IRT research generated from the
current research. The research protocol suggests four levels of analysis for forced
choice (FC) psychometrics, namely: 1. Textual analysis, 2. Functional analysis, 3.
Dynamic analysis, and 4. Construct analysis. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)
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