This essay is about the meeting of the pedagogic mission and the reality of the conditions in preschools. It is about the frustrations that I, as a pedagogue, experience when I cannot fulfill this mission. An example of this is working when understaffed. My purpose is the acknowledgment of two main areas of the curriculum: caring and learning. This essay demonstrates the diversity of the occupation and it ’s constant need of positioning. It also emphasizes the different “cross-pressures" that exists within this profession. The starting point of the essay is taken from the publication Tillsammans är vi starkare (Together we are stronger) from Pysslingen. Several situations or examples are used together to create a scenario. This investigation raises the question whether it is possible to have an uncompromised focus on what is best for children and at the same being exposed to different “cross-pressures”. Is it reasonable to claim that the culture of the preschool should be educational, safe and pleasurable for all children, every day? Finally what responsibilities do I as a pedagogue and preschool’s principal have to make it so? My method, during this writing process, has been to use reflections. I have allowed my own thoughts, meet the thoughts of others as well as theoretical perspectives. I have been inspired by Ylva Ellneby and Christina Wallskog amongst others about their thoughts and ideas about the work in preschool. Theoretical references have been made within the areas of ethics, leadership and group dynamics. Because of the nature of this profession, that conditions change rapidly, it is difficult to find a solution to what works in every situation. However I have learnt that my practical knowledge and experience is important in combination with clear leadership.

The recent rapid increase in the number of Korean children who return to Korea after time spent abroad studying English raises concerns about their follow-up education and their readjustment into the Korean education system. The number of returnee children also raises concerns about how Korean teachers teach these children. This study was grounded in my realization that my experiential knowledge of learning English influenced my teaching of returnee children. Through this study, I came to understand the ways teachers’ personal practical knowledge of English is shaped through many different experiences in many different contexts in which they are, and were, situated. Teachers’ personal practical knowledge is expressed in their classroom practices. Knowledge and context are linked by the narrative concept of stories to live by (Connelly & Clandinin, 1999). The research was a narrative inquiry into three Korean teachers’ personal practical knowledge as it was expressed in their teaching practices, as it shaped their stories to live by and as it was shifted on their professional knowledge landscapes when they taught returnee children. As a result of the study, four key considerations emerged. One, each teacher’s personal practical knowledge as expressed in teaching returnee children was shaped by his experiences of learning English. Two, shifting teachers’ ‘stories to live by’ depended on their professional knowledge landscapes. Three, teachers held different understandings about curriculum making. Four, teachers held different views about returnees’ readjustment into the Korean schools. Drawing upon a concept of ‘curriculum of lives’ (Clandinin & Connelly, 1992), the key considerations from the study give important implications about in-service teacher education in terms of curriculum making for returnee children. The study suggests the importance of providing in-service teachers with an opportunity to think about a narrative perspective about curriculum making in order to suggest new possibilities for teachers, returnee children, and their parents.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze teachers approach to multilingual children's behavior in certain situations. I will also explore the educator’s attitude and approach toward the situation where children who are excluded by other peers, because of the peers use of divergent language. I choose qualitative interview as method, interviewing seven teachers working at pre-schools, with chosen choice I expect to gain insight into the teacher's reasoning behind their approach and strategy towards situations where children use other language than Swedish. The results shed light on several interesting factors that determined how the educator responded to the forth mentioned situation. The general perception at pre-schools is that multilingual children should be given space to use their native tongue, as this flourishes their language developments. We can also find basis for this when reading the official pre-school steering documents, the Swedish curriculum, Läroplanen. What this document lack though is presenting solutions how the educators can work constructively with the children. It's rather encouraged for each school to discuss their own methods and approaches as a team. My conclusion is that there is no blue print to follow for solving these situations, the educator's conduct and strategy is based on individual experience and situational. But a common thread that emerged in my research is that all educators expressed the importance to acknowledge all children and involve them in the activities regardless of language, it is the teacher’s duty to support and to be present as the children will need pedagogical support in this matter. Not to forget though, that teachers are frequently faced with situations where they have to decide whose rights to prioritize; the single child who ends up alone outside the peers group and lose his/her entitlement based on the norm "everyone should be involved" or the playing children who is doing nothing but employing their rights to speak in their mother language?

By using the scientific essay as a method, I explore what facts affect the roles of me, the professional, and the patient during our first interaction. I also explore in which way the interaction could be affected by its location. My own professional experience as a physiotherapist is portrayed by two examples of patient-therapist interaction where the dialogue is “slow” and a sense of consensus, which is my goal, does not occur. Philosophers, authors and scientists help me to explore and reflect about my practical knowledge and how it can be developed. The essay shows different aspects on what losing health is about and how it influences the inequality in the interaction between the patient and the healthcare provider. Dialogue is a part of the treatment and when establishing a plan of rehabilitation it is important to get the relatives involved. By using different aspects of interpersonal meetings between me and the patient in this essay I want to develop the art of acting wisely in the moment, phronesis, which is the term philosopher Aristoteles created.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-16T18:17:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeoliveiraguimaraes.pdf: 1544691 bytes, checksum: db9ffbae1f3f79abca7b40802fa7424e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-28T12:50:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeoliveiraguimaraes.pdf: 1544691 bytes, checksum: db9ffbae1f3f79abca7b40802fa7424e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T12:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandadeoliveiraguimaraes.pdf: 1544691 bytes, checksum: db9ffbae1f3f79abca7b40802fa7424e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação traz enquanto objeto de estudo a concepção de sujeito e da constituição da subjetividade no trato dado às manifestações subjetivas pelos profissionais de Psicologia e Serviço Social inseridos nos serviços da política de assistência social. Enquanto proposta, almeja analisar como tem sido concebida a relação sujeito-objeto, a formação da subjetividade e, consequentemente, a que se refere as manifestações subjetivas dos sujeitos e famílias por eles atendidos. Assim, realiza uma investigação com profissionais inseridos nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS), no município de Leopoldina (MG), buscando verificar em que medida têm se localizado dentro do embate no campo teórico-prático para compreensão das demandas subjetivas. A dissertação busca o revigoramento das contribuições teórico-filosóficas da teoria marxista para o conhecimento da categoria subjetividade, sobretudo, nos apontamentos do filósofo György Lukács, em seus estudos da ontologia do ser social, que permitem trazer à cena como a subjetividade se objetiva e qual o papel do processo de individuação e da personalidade humana. / This dissertation studies the conception of the subject and the formation of the subjectivity in its relation with the subjective manifestations given by professionals of Psychology and Social Service inside the public services of social assistance. It aims to analyse how the relation subject-object has been conceived, the formation of the subjectivity and, as a result, the subjective manifestation of the individuals and families attended. In doing so, it undertakes an investigation with professional within the Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS) in the town of Leopoldina (in Minas Gerais state) trying to assess the extend to which such centers work within the debate of the theoretical and practical field to comprehend the subjective requirements. This works tries to empower the theoretical and philosophical contributions of the Marxist theory for the knowledge of the subjective category, especially in the reflections of the philosopher György Lukács, in his studies of the ontology of the social being, that brings how the subjectivity objectify itself and what role the process of individualization and the human personality play.

I deliver an account of 'practical knowledge'; the knowledge we have of our own intentional actions. Part One introduces the target notion by describing three philosophically interesting features it appears to have (Ch. 1) and dismisses two broad approaches to understanding it - a 'consciousness-based' and an 'inferentialist' approach (Ch. 2). A third approach is thus motivated: 'Intentionalist' accounts of practical knowledge see practical knowledge as somehow constituted by the agent's intention. Part Two considers and rejects a version of Intentionalism which I call Cognitivist Intentionalism - CI. Cognitivist Intentionalists think of intentions as a kind of belief. Practical knowledge is constituted by intention in whatever way ordinary knowledge is constituted by belief, but it is a special kind of knowledge because its constituting attitude is special. I dismiss two versions of CI, showing them to be internally problematic (Ch. 3). I then argue that intentions are not propositional attitudes (Ch. 4), thus ruling out any version of CI - if intentions were beliefs they would have to be propositional attitudes. Part Three considers the remaining options for Intentionalism. According to Non-Cognitivist Intentionalism - NCI - practical knowledge is constituted by intentions, which are not a kind of belief, just in case they are executed. NCI happily accommodates practical knowledge's philosophically interesting features. But it is hard to see why executing an intention should constitute knowing, and how a kind of propositional knowledge could be constituted by a non-propositional attitude, which Chapter Four argued intentions to be. Chapter Six develops NCI into the stronger NPI - Non-Propositionalist Intentionalism. In NPI the non-propositional character of intentions is central. Practical knowledge is a kind of propositional knowledge which is constituted by a non-propositional attitude; a kind of knowledge which is not constituted by belief. I explain how this can be.

One of the most important aspects of the American field of International Relations (IR) is the deeply-rooted and broadly shared commitment to a “scientist” understanding of scholarly work. Scientism can be described as an indubitable belief in our ability to produce value-free and non-normative knowledge and in the power of such knowledge to resolve societal problems. Since the mid-20th century, this scientist commitment prevailed in the main approaches and standards guiding the practice of IR scholarship in the United States. One problem with the dominance of scientism is that it reproduces a restrictive view of American IR scholarship. More precisely, the dominance of scientism has not only limited the diversity of methodological and theoretical approaches but, this thesis argues, also restricted American IR scholars’ ability to further different understandings of the legitimate purposes of scholarly work. Following this idea, this thesis endeavors to challenge the dominance of scientism and legitimize alternative forms of scholarship in American IR. More precisely, this thesis advances that American IR scholars’ work is guided by three categories of objectives, that is, the production of scientific knowledge, the application of knowledge and the advancement of critical thinking. To clarify how these three objectives are concretely formulated, the thesis also specifies nine categories of epistemic approaches (e.g. forms of methods and theories) that are associated with scientific, applied and critical objectives. This categorization is conceived as a useful thinking tool for understanding how and why scholarship is generated in American IR. After detailing this categorization, the thesis underlines the specific value and purpose associated with each category of objectives by examining a series of graduate education programs in American IR. This empirical examination concentrates on ten professional M.A. and ten PhD programs offered in elite American universities. Using a discursive analysis of the curriculum and the syllabus of one core course in each program, the thesis discusses how and why scientific, applied and critical objectives are furthered in American IR. It particularly underscores why applied and critical objectives are marginalized across the selected graduate education programs and the benefits associated with these alternative orientations for American IR. In doing so, this thesis helps challenge the dominance of scientism and legitimize other forms of scholarship in American IR.

Denna masteruppsats har formen av en vetenskaplig essä. Dess syfte är att försöka synliggöra vad en bildkonstnärlig process är, undersöka hur den kan beskrivas och på vilket sätt den bygger på kunskap. Uppsatsens första del tar sin utgångspunkt i en berättelse där en konstnärlig process beskrivs och den andra delen i intervjuer med tre verksamma bildkonstnärer. Berättelsen och intervjuerna utgör undersökningens empiriska material och utifrån detta reflekteras och diskuteras olika teman. Ett teoretiskt perspektiv är här filosofen John Deweys begreppsvärld där erfarenhet, handling och görande blir viktiga aspekter. Uppsatsen försöker bryta med förväntningar kring vad en konstnärlig process är såsom exempelvis enbart ett uttryck för personlighet eller som ett direkt uttryck av känslor. Istället lyfts det konstnärliga görandet fram som något som i allra högsta grad bygger på skicklighet och tillägnad kunskap. Den konstnärliga processen beskrivs ha en svårfångad karaktär, därför ägnas sista delen av uppsatsen åt att även diskutera syftets relevans. Här lyfts andra konstnärliga utövares och forskares formuleringar kring konstnärliga processer fram. Frågor ställs kring vad som händer när kunskapsbegrepp används för att beskriva en konstnärlig process och den konstnärliga praktikens relation till det textuella berörs. / This master's thesis has the form of a scientific essay. Its purpose is to try to make visible what a visually artistic process is, investigate how it may be described and in what way it is based on knowledge. The first part of the essay is based on a story in which an artistic process is described and the second part on interviews with three active artists. The story and the interviews together make up the empirical material of the investigation and based on this, different themes are reflected and discussed. A theoretical perspective here is the conceptual world of philosopher John Dewey, in which experience, action and doing are important aspects. The paper tries to break down expectations regarding what an artistic process is, such as a mere expression of personality or a direct expression of emotions. Instead, the artistic performance is brought forward as something which to a great extent is based on skill and acquired knowledge. The artistic process is described as having an elusive character and therefore the last part of the essay is also dedicated to discussing the relevance of the purpose. Here are presented phrasings by other artistic practitioners and researchers’ in regards to artistic processes. Questions are asked regarding what happens when knowledge concepts are used to describe an artistic process, and the relationship between the artistic practice and the textual is touched upon.

The purpose of this study is to enlighten the sense and usage of knowledge in the context of social work. The study has a qualitative approach and is based on semi structured interviews with three social workers that are qualified and three other social workers whose work is bases on their experience as a former client. Earlier studies show that social workers in Sweden has mixed feelings about the usage of scientifically approved methods and theories in their practical work. They are more often referring to their individual experience rather than their education as their source of knowledge in their practical work regardless of educational background. My conclusion about the difference between qualified and unqualified social workers is that the educated social workers tend to work in organizations that more often demand a certain view and practical use of knowledge and that often results in trying to express themselves in line with the organization. Therefor it is hard to pinpoint exactly what their true thought about especially practical knowledge as a subject are. What appears to be the case with both qualified and unqualified social workers is that they tend to use themselves and their colleagues as a source of knowledge at the same time as they try to adapt to the cultures of their work. Furthermore, this study brings up relevant aspects of relation, freedom of action and organization and how they in some ways control and form the social work of these six individuals.

Orientador: Renato Eugênio da Silva Diniz / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os fundamentos sócio-históricos e culturais dos saberes práticos sociais do homem amazônico, e buscou identificar suas diferentes formas de viver cotidianamente, verificando se esses saberes estão sendo aproveitados no ensino escolar de ciências dessa comunidade e se contribuem para subsidiar uma proposta pedagógica de ensino de ciências na Escola, enraizado na cultura amazônica. O referido estudo teve como “lócus” observacional da pesquisa a Comunidade do Cajueiro, entreposto pesqueiro situado na Ilha do Mosqueiro, uma das trinta e nove (39) ilhas que circundam a cidade de Belém, capital do Estado do Pará. Na realização da pesquisa foi empregado um conjunto de procedimentos metodológicos, por meio dos quais aprofundamos nossos conhecimentos sobre as práticas sociais dos ribeirinhos, bem como dos sujeitos sociais envolvidos no processo educativo escolar da Comunidade, para que, a partir das ações que realizam em seu mundo de vida, pudéssemos analisar as relações dialéticas que as práticas cotidianas dos ribeirinhos estabelecem com o ensino de ciências na escola. Os resultados obtidos com esta investigação demonstraram que as práticas culturais dos ribeirinhos, seu modo de vida, assim como, suas experiências, não estão sendo aproveitadas pela Escola Pública da Comunidade, assinalando, que há um enorme desencontro entre a educação escolar e a educação não-formal dos ribeirinhos-narradores. Portanto, conclui-se que, além de um ensino de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the socio-historical and cultural foundations of the practical social knowledge of the Amazonian man, and sought to identify his different ways of living daily, verifying whether this knowledge is being used in the science school education of this community and whether it contributes to subsidize a pedagogical proposal for science teaching at the School, rooted in Amazonian culture. This study had as observational “locus” of the research the Cajueiro Community, a fishing warehouse located on the Mosqueiro Island, one of the thirty-nine (39) islands that surround the city of Belem, capital of the State of Pará. a set of methodological procedures was used, through which we deepened our knowledge about the social practices of the riverside residents, as well as the social subjects involved in the school's educational process in the Community, so that, based on the actions they carry out in their world of life, we could analyze the dialectical relations that the daily practices of the riverside people establish with science teaching at school. The results obtained with this investigation demonstrated that the cultural practices of the riverside inhabitants, their way of life, as well as their experiences, are not being used by the Public School of the Community, pointing out that there is a huge mismatch between school education and non-formal education. of the riverside narrators. Therefore, it is concluded that, in addition to teaching Science up... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor