Introdução: Além de problemas a curto prazo para a mãe e o recém-nascido, o sobrepeso e a obesidade na gestação levam a inúmeros problemas da saúde materna de longo prazo e no desenvolvimento da criança. O não tratamento de gestantes com transtorno mental comum e sobrepeso pode aumentar a frequência de depressão perinatal com riscos diretos ao concepto. Tem sido observado na literatura o uso da homeopatia na obesidade, na gestação e nos transtornos mentais comuns. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do tratamento homeopático em gestantes com sobrepeso ou obesidade I ou II, sem comorbidades, suspeitas de transtorno mental comum, na prevenção do ganho excessivo de massa corporal durante a gestação. Método: Foram estudadas gestantes com sobrepeso ou obesidade I/II e suspeitas de transtorno mental comum, sem doenças concomitantes. No grupo teste (62) receberam tratamento homeopático e no controle (72) placebo. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso na gestação por meio da diferença entre os índices inicial e final de massa corporal corrigida pela idade gestacional, APGAR, peso do recém-nascido, auto percepção de saúde materna, complicações maternas, entre outras condições. Resultados: A média da diferença entre o índice de massa corporal inicial e final corrigidos pela idade gestacional foi de 4,95 kg/ m2 no grupo homeopatia e de 5,05 kg/m2 no grupo controle. A diferença entre as médias não foi significante com valor de p = 0,815 e ICdif 95% (-0,916 a 0,722). O índice de APGAR no quinto minuto foi estatísticamente significante com valor de p = 0,040. Não se observaram diferenças significativas nos demais desfechos. Conclusão: A homeopatia não contribuiu para a prevenção do ganho excessivo de massa corporal em gestantes com sobrepeso ou obesidade. A homeopatia desempenhou um papel regulador melhorando a vitalidade dos RN no quinto minuto de vida. / Introduction: Aside from short-term problems related to the mother and newborn, overweight and obesity in gestation leads to countless long-term health problems for the mother\'s and childs development. The lack of treatment for pregnant women whom are overweight and have a common mental disorder may increase the frequency of prenatal depression with direct risks to conception. It has been observed in literature the use of homeopathy in cases of obesity, gestation, and common mental disorders. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the homeopathic treatment in pregnant women whom either are overweight or have a case of obesity I or II, with no comorbidities, suspect of common mental disorder, in the prevention of excessive bodily mass gain throughout gestation. Method: Pregnant women whom were overweight or had a case of obesity I/II, suspect of common mental disorder, with no concomitant diseases, were studied. One group (62) received homeopathical treatment, while the control group (72) received a placebo. Weight gain throughout gestation was evaluated through the difference between initial and final rating of bodily mass, with adjustments to the period of gestation, APGAR, weight of the newborn, self-perception of the mothers own health, maternal complications, amongst other conditions. Results: The average of the difference between the ratings of initial and final bodily mass, with adjustments to the period of gestation, was 4.95 kg/m2 in the homeopathic group, and 5.05 kg/m2 in the control group. The difference between the averages was not significant, with a p = 0,815 e ICdif 95% (-0,916 a 0,722). The rating of APGAR on the 5th minute was statistically significant, with a value of p value = 0.040. Significant differences on other results were not observed. Conclusion: Homeopathic medicine did not contribute to the prevention of excessive bodily mass gain in pregnant women whom are overweight or have a case of obesity. Homeopathy acted through a modulating role, bettering the vitality of the newborn on the 5th minute of life

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-24T12:46:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 nadiabarboszasantana.pdf: 2115958 bytes, checksum: 5c1c1bc2fcadd79b76dc0488455f1b53 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T18:11:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nadiabarboszasantana.pdf: 2115958 bytes, checksum: 5c1c1bc2fcadd79b76dc0488455f1b53 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T18:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nadiabarboszasantana.pdf: 2115958 bytes, checksum: 5c1c1bc2fcadd79b76dc0488455f1b53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A gravidez constitui-se como um processo natural da mulher. Nesse período é possível o aperfeiçoamento no manejo dessas mulheres no pré-natal, no sentido de que a gestante adquira hábitos de vida mais saudáveis, que irão evitar doenças e complicações indesejáveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e avaliar o perfil de saúde das gestantes brasileiras com enfoque nas DCNT e nos comportamentos em saúde, segundo características sociodemográficas. Avaliou-se 1.855 gestantes que responderam ao Inquérito Telefônico de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas no período 2009-2013. Analisou-se o perfil sóciodemográfico das gestantes, bem como a prevalência dos comportamentos e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis: tabagismo, consumo de álcool, consumo regular de frutas e hortaliças, consumo de refrigerantes, consumo de leite, consumo de carne com gordura aparente, atividade física, hipertensão e diabetes. Avaliou-se, também, a autoclassificação do estado de saúde e o rastreamento de câncer cérvico-uterino. As análises dos dados foram realizadas por meio do programa estatístico Statistical Software for Professional (Stata), versão 14.0 e os comandos do módulo Survey, levando em consideração os pesos e, por conseguinte, a representatividade da amostra. Para analisar as diferenças das prevalências segundo idade, escolaridade e região, foram estimadas as razões de prevalências ajustadas e os seus respectivos IC95% por meio de modelo de Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta justificando uso pela sua utilização em eventos mais frequentes. A maior proporção de gestantes tinha entre 26 e 34 anos de idade (48,0%), eram brancas (39,2%), tinham companheiro (61,2%), trabalhavam (60,7%) e possuíam de 9 a 11 anos de escolaridade (50,4%). A prevalência de gestantes foi maior nas regiões Sudeste (41,7%) e Nordeste (26,6%). As prevalências de consumo de álcool (13,5%, < 4 doses nos últimos 30 dias) e tabagismo (6,1%) foram baixas, mas não ideais. Por outro lado, detectou-se alta prevalência do consumo inadequado de frutas e hortaliças (62,9%) e de inatividade física (87,2%). O consumo excessivo de refrigerantes (5 ou mais dias/semana), bem como o consumo de carne com gordura aparente, foi observado em cerca de 30% das gestantes. Aproximadamente 96% delas apresentaram pelo menos um comportamento negativo. Os resultados encontrados apontam uma má qualidade da alimentação e sedentarismo das gestantes, em sua maioria, ressaltando a importância de estratégias e intervenções no âmbito de saúde pública para a melhoria da alimentação, comportamentos mais saudáveis e prevenção de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis nesse grupo populacional, o que poderia beneficiar desfechos positivos na saúde materna e fetal, propiciar qualidade de vida para o binômio e, consequentemente, reduzir a morbimortalidade materna e perinatal. / Pregnancy is constituted as a natural process of women. During this period the improvement is possible in the management of these women in prenatal care, in the sense that pregnant women get healthier lifestyle that will prevent disease and unwanted complications. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the health profile of Brazilian women with a focus on NCDs and health behaviors, according to sociodemographic characteristics. We evaluated 1,855 pregnant women who responded to the survey Risk Factors Surveillance and Protection for Chronic Diseases Telephone Survey in 2009-2013. Analyzed the sociodemographic profile of pregnant women, and the prevalence of behaviors and chronic diseases: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, consumption of soft drinks, milk consumption, consumption of meat with visible fat, activity physical, hypertension and diabetes. It evaluated also the self-classification of health status and tracking of cervical cancer. Data analyzes were performed using the statistical program Statistical Software for Professional (Stata) version 14.0 and Survey module commands, taking into account the weight and therefore the representativeness of the sample. To analyze the differences in prevalence by age, education and region, the adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% CI were estimated using Poisson regression model with robust variance justifying use by its use in more frequent events. The highest proportion of pregnant women were between 26 and 34 years of age (48.0%) were white (39.2%) had a partner (61.2%), working (60.7%) and had from 9 to 11 years of education (50.4%). The prevalence of pregnant women was higher in the Southeast (41.7%) and Northeast (26.6%). The prevalence of alcohol consumption (13.5% <4 doses in the last 30 days) and tobacco (6.1%) were low, but not ideal. On the other hand, found a high prevalence of inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables (62.9%) and physical inactivity (87.2%). Excessive consumption of soft drinks (5 or more days / week) as well as the consumption of meat with visible fat, was observed in about 30% of pregnant women. Approximately 96% of them had at least one negative behavior. The results show a poor quality of food and sedentary lifestyle of pregnant women, mostly emphasizing the importance of strategies and interventions in the public health system to better nutrition, healthier behavior and prevention of chronic diseases in this population, which could benefit from positive outcomes in maternal and fetal health, provide quality of life for the binomial and thus reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Orientador: Antonieta Keiko Kakuda Shimo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:53:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vigano_SabrinaMomesso_M.pdf: 5635836 bytes, checksum: 99824b10e6b0d821fbed6859a3516a9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar os registros acerca da vacinação antitetânica na gestação e verificar a conformidade deles com o relato das pacientes. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa e caráter avaliativo. Foi realizado estudo piloto e Validação de Conteúdo do Instrumento de Coleta de Dados. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semi-estruturada com puérperas, fotografia de Cartões de Gestante e de Fichas Obstétricas. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o programa estatístico SAS 9.2 e calculado o coeficiente Kappa. O estudo está em conformidade com a Resolução 196/96. Resultados: 38 (12,30%) puérperas relataram não ter recebido vacina na gestação. 39,11% (106 de 309) das mulheres referiram ter recebido a vacina antitetânica na gestação, 50,16% (155) dos Cartões de Gestante e 20,06% (62) de Fichas Obstétricas continham registro desta vacina. Quanto a vacina antitetânica na gestação, o relato da mulher comparado ao registro do Cartão de Gestante é pouco coincidente (Kappa 0,55, moderado), o registro do Cartão de Gestante com o registro da Ficha Obstétrica é menos coincidente (Kappa 0,27, suave) e o relato com o registro da Ficha Obstétrica é menos coincidente ainda (0,11, desprezível). Status vacinal adequado foi identificado em 62,14% (192). Conclusão: O relato da mulher e o registro do Cartão de Gestante são mais coincidentes do que os registros entre si. Os profissionais registram vacinas mais no Cartão de Gestante do que na Ficha Obstétrica. A média de 8,91 consultas por mulher e a idade gestacional de início do pré-natal com 12 semanas ou menos de 72,49% (224) evidenciam vínculo satisfatório da paciente com os serviços. As consultas à gestante de baixo risco podem ser intercaladas entre os profissionais médicos e enfermeiros / Abstract: Objective: Evaluate records about tetanus vaccination in pregnancy and to check their compliance with the reporting of patients. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach and evaluate character. Pilot study was performed and Content Validation Instrument for Data Collection. Data were collected through semi structured interview with puerperal, photography maternity card and obstetric records. For data analysis we used the statistical program SAS 9.2 and calculated the Kappa coefficient. For data analysis we used the statistical program SAS 9.2, calculated the degree of agreement between the data sources and calculated the Kappa coefficient. The research is in accordance with Resolution 196/96. Results: 38 (12,30%) reported not having received vaccine during pregnancy. 39,11% (106) of women reported having received tetanus toxic vaccination during pregnancy, 50,16% (155) of maternity card and 20,06% (62) document obstetrical record contained this vaccine. About tetanus vaccination during pregnancy, the reported of the woman compared to the record of maternity card is almost coincidental (Kappa 0,55, moderate), the record of maternity card with the record of the obstetric records is less coincident (Kappa 0,27, suave) and the reported with the record of the obstetric records is still less coincident (0,11, insignificant). Status suitable vaccine was identified in 62,14% (192). Adequate vaccination status are 62,14% (192). Conclusion: The reported of the woman and record of the maternity card are more coincident than the records together. Professionals register about vaccine more in maternity card than the obstetric records. The average of 8,91 consultations per woman and gestational age at first prenatal care at 12 weeks or less (72,49% = 224) show satisfactory bond of women with the services. The antenatal care at low risk women can be interspersed among medical and nurses professionals / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestra em Enfermagem

The prevalence of female adults and adolescents living with diagnosed HIV infection continues to rise. Latina women in the United States (US) are not only disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but also underutilize HIV prevention services, such as HIV testing. Data are limited on the differences in HIV risk among Latinas by country of birth, and opportunities still exist to prevent transmission of HIV and reduce HIV-related disparities. This dissertation describes the risk behaviors, testing behaviors, and test results among women tested for HIV at public sites in Florida. Additionally, it compares these characteristics by HIV testing site type among pregnant women. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and associated 95% confidence intervals for the outcome variables of risk behaviors, previous testing, and positive HIV test results. Of the total 209,954 records, 184,037 were from women not currently pregnant, of which 87,569 (45.6%) were among non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), 47,926 (26.0%) non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs), and 41,117 (22.3%) Latinas. Women who reported previous HIV testing had decreased odds of being Latina compared to NHW women (AOR 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87, 0.94), and testing event results indicate that foreign-born Latina women were significantly less likely to report partner risk (AOR 0.42; 95% CI: 0.40-0.54) than US-born Latina women. Of the 24,863 records of pregnant women, 10,199 (41.1%) were among Latinas, 6,796 (27.4%) were among NHB, and 6,631 (26.7%) were among NHW. The testing records indicated that Latina and NHB women had decreased odds of reporting partner risk than NHW women (Latina: AOR 0.20; 95% CI: 0.14-0.28; and NHB: AOR 0.14; 95% CI: 0.10-0.21), and records of women tested in prisons/jails had higher odds of reporting previous HIV testing compared to prenatal care sites (AOR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.03-3.39). Reported risk behaviors varied by race/ethnicity and Latina country of origin. Knowledge of these differences can enhance current testing and prevention strategies for women, and aid in targeting HIV prevention messaging, program decision-making, and allocation of resources, corresponding to the central approach of High Impact Prevention and the National HIV/AIDS Strategy.

[pt] A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) para o atendimento às mulheres usuárias de drogas da maternidade de um hospital universitário na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Como pontos específicos do estudo, discutiu-se a política de drogas vigente no município, além do mapeamento dos equipamentos disponíveis, no âmbito da saúde, na rede no território do hospital buscando contribuir para subsidiar políticas e serviços voltados para esse grupo na perspectiva da convivência familiar. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória sobre esse tema bastante atual, porém, ainda pouco estudado. Como recursos metodológicos, foi realizada uma análise crítica da literatura acadêmica, das legislações e das políticas a respeito do assunto, além da participação em oficinas de debates e seminários, o que muito contribuiu para as reflexões. O estudo permitiu constatar que a rede ainda não possui serviços específicos voltados para o atendimento às puérperas usuárias de drogas, os dispositivos atuam de forma isolada e incipiente com equipamentos precarizados e contam com a presença de um número reduzido de profissionais. / [en] The research aims to Analyze the Psychosocial Care Network that serve pregnant women who are drug users at a university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Some specific issues were discussed, such as: the current drug policy in the city and the mapping of services available within the health care network in the hospital territory aiming at contributing to support policies and services for this group in view of family life. An exploratory study was carried out focusing on this very current topic, though still under explored. As methodological resources, a critical analysis of academic literature, legislation and policy on the matter was carried out, as well as participation of the researcher in workshops debates and seminars, which greatly contributed to the current analysis. Results pointed out that the network does not have any specific service for mothers who are drug users, services operate in isolated and precarious ways and rely on a small number of professionals.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Namibia has recorded an ascending trend of maternal and neonatal mortality rate from 225 – 449 per 100 000 women from 1992 to 2006, and 38 – 46 per 1000 live births from 2000 to 2006 respectively. Kavango Region in Namibia is one among the top seven regions with high maternal and infant mortality rate. Most pregnant women in peri-urban areas of Rundu District in the Kavango region, where this study was conducted, attend ante-natal care services but do not use public health facilities for delivery. The health records from the public health facilities in Rundu, especially from Nkarapamwe clinic and Rundu Hospital maternity section, reveal that although the pregnant women comply with the required standard policy of a minimum of three visits per pregnancy or more, over 40% of women who attend public ante-natal care clinics do not deliver in the public health facility.The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of women regarding obstetric care in public health facilities in Kehemu settlement, a peri-urban area of Rundu town. The objectives of the study were to explore the perceptions of women on accessibility and acceptability of maternity services in public health facilities.An explorative qualitative study design using focus group discussion as a data collection method was conducted with three groups of women. A purposeful sampling procedure was used to select participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the High Degree Committee of University of the Western Cape and permission to use data from local facilities was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Social Services. Participants were recruited on their own free will and they signed an agreement on confidentiality. A data reduction process was used for analysis.The study findings indicate that women wish to use public health facilities for deliveries due to perceived benefits, in particular, safety for the mother and the baby and that those services are affordable. However a number of reasons hinder women to access services including the attitudes of health care providers, inability to afford transport at night and cultural influences.The study recommends that delivery services at the local clinic be expanded from eight to twenty-four hours; an information campaign on pregnancy and birth complications as well as the benefits of delivering in a public facility be implemented; refresher training for nurses to improve their caring practices during delivery should be considered and that a similar research be conducted with care providers to ascertain ways to improve maternity services in the public health facility in the area.

Perinatal complications resulting from either alcohol or drug abuse include a high incidence of stillbirths, fetal distress, asphyxia, prematurity, low birth weight, pneumonia, congenital malformations, cerebral infarction, and an increased risk to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

MPH / Department of Public Health / See the attached abstract below

Abstract It is estimated that about 22% of all births in Pakistan are low birth weight (&lt;2500g), representing approximately 198,000 births per year. One of the major causes of low birth weight is maternal anemia. In Pakistan approximately 52% of pregnant women are anemic and one of the most common cause of maternal anemia is soil-transmitted helminthic infection. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis is endemic in Pakistan carries the highest burden of infection in Eastern Mediterranean region. Despite the recommendations deworming the mother during pregnancy is not being commonly practiced in routine antenatal care. We hypothesized that there is an association between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight. For this study, cross sectional analysis of secondary data from the latest Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS conducted in 2017-18 and released in 2019) was done. Total N=1403 mother and child were included, logistic regression was used to determine the association between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight after adjusting for potential confounders.  We found no statistically significant association [aOR 0.63, 95% CI (0.21-1.83)] between deworming during pregnancy and low birth weight. Moreover the mothers who belonged to higher socioeconomic status [aOR 0.41, 95% CI (0.22- .76)] and attained higher education [aOR 0.55, 95% CI (0.34- .87)] had reduced odds of having a new born with low birth weight compared to newborn of the women from low socioeconomic status and had no education, respectively. Further research is needed to explore effectiveness of deworming during pregnancy at population level.

Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Background: Late antenatal care (ANC) booking delays treatment and management of high-risk pregnancies, which may result to maternal deaths. Early ANC booking has been found to be effective in most of the pregnancy related risk factors that can be detected and managed at early stages of pregnancy. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and factors contributing to late ANC booking amongst pregnant women in primary health care facilities at Dikgale-Mamabolo local area. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional research approach was used. The study was conducted at Dikgale-Mamabolo local area, which consists of seven clinics at Polokwane, Limpopo province in South Africa. Only three clinics were purposefully selected for the study. The population of the study included pregnant women who were 18 years and above. The sample size consisted of 238 pregnant women who came for ANC services in primary health care facilities during the period of the study. Convenience sampling method was used to select pregnant women from the population. Data was collected using an adapted questionnaire. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPPS) version 25. Results: The results indicated that 86% of pregnant women booked antenatal care before five months gestational age and 14% booked after five months gestational age. Factors contributing to late ANC booking amongst pregnant women were marital status, educational level, employment status, mode of transport to clinic, lack of information, cultural beliefs, long distance to the clinic, long waiting time in the clinic and clinic operating hours. Conclusion: Late ANC booking remains a major public health issue. The study showed that lack of information and cultural beliefs are major contributing factors to late ANC booking. It is recommended that awareness campaigns should be conducted in the community and schools to empower women with knowledge about ANC services.