Depuis 2002, dans un nouveau domaine des mathématiques intitulé « grandeurs et mesure », les auteurs des textes officiels proposent d'aborder les grandeurs au travers d'activités de comparaison directe, indirecte, en utilisant des étalons arbitraires avant d'introduire les unités conventionnelles et en puisant dans le réservoir d'activités que sont les sciences expérimentales.Ces injonctions ont été à l'origine de ce travail.Une analyse épistémologique des concepts nous a permis de montrer que la distinction« grandeur/mesure », présentée comme naturelle, est pertinente pour ce niveau d'enseignement.Nous avons cherché l'origine de la proposition des prescriptions officielles en étudiant les textes duprimaire de sciences et de mathématiques depuis 1923. Nous avons constaté un tournant décisif dans les programmes : à la suite de la réforme des mathématiques modernes, l'étude des grandeurs avant la mesure apparaît en sciences comme en mathématiques, s'appuyant sur les travaux des psychologues de l'époque. Cette étude dans les deux disciplines ne sera plus demandée jusqu'en 2002.Dans notre travail, nous avons mis en évidence une mauvaise maîtrise des concepts de « grandeur »et « mesure » ainsi qu'une conception erronée de « grandeur » chez les professeurs d'école. Certains d'entre eux sont par ailleurs réticents à adopter la démarche décrite dans les textes pour l'ensemble des grandeurs.Nous avons étudié l'impact des activités de comparaison avec l'utilisation d'étalons arbitraires sur la construction du concept de masse et sur le sens de la mesure, à l'aide de la mise en œuvre deux ingénieries comparatives en CE1. Nos résultats montrent que le niveau de conceptualisation des élèves, tel qu'il est évalué à l'aide de nos critères, est supérieur tant pour le sens de la grandeur que pour celui de la mesure, chez les élèves ayant vécu une séquence introduisant la masse à partir d'activités de comparaisons détachées du nombre. / Since 2002, in a new domain of the mathematics entitled " quantity and measurement ", the authors ofthe curriculum suggest approaching the quantity through activities of direct, indirect comparison, byusing arbitrary standards measurement before introducing the conventional units and by drawing fromthe reservoir of activities that are the experimental sciences.These orders were at the origin of this work.An epistemological analysis of the concepts allowed us to show that the distinction "quantity/measurement", presented as natural, is relevant for this level of teaching.We looked for the origin of the curriculum's proposition by studying the texts of the primary schoolin sciences and mathematics since 1923. We noticed a decisive bend in the programs: following thereform of the modern mathematics, the study of quantity before measurement appears in sciences asin mathematics, leaning on the works of the contemporary psychologists. This study in both disciplineswill not be any more asked until 2002.In our work, we brought to light a bad control of the concepts of "quantity and "measurement " as wellas a misconception of "quantity" at the primary school teachers. Some of them are besides reluctantto adopt the approach described in curricula for all the quantities.We studied the impact of the comparison's activities with the use of arbitrary standards on theconstruction of the concept of mass and on the sense of moderation, by means of the implementationtwo comparative engineerings in 2nd year of primary school. Our results show that the level of pupil'sconceptualization, such as it is estimated by means of our criteria, is upper so much for the sense ofthe quantity than for that of the measure, at the pupils having lived a sequence introducing the massfrom comparison's activities out of the number.

The aim of my study is to find out more about the pupils’ early attempts at writing fictional texts. More specifically, I examine how different teachers work to teach pupils in the third grade to write narrative texts or fiction. I have chosen to interview teachers who have been working for different periods of time, to get a picture of how their lessons are planned. Furthermore, through classroom observations, I get an idea of what pupils think about writing narrative texts and how they do it.     The results of the study show that there are several methods that teachers use to teach writing in the case of narrative texts. The result also points out that even though society itself is digitalized, work in school has not been affected to the same degree. / Mitt arbete syftar till att ta reda på mer om elevernas tidiga möte med den skönlitterära texten. Jag undersöker i detta arbete hur olika lärare i årskurs 3 arbetar med att lära sina elever att skriva berättande texter, eller berättelser. Då vi befinner oss i ett alltmer digitaliserat samhälle har jag valt att intervjua lärare som varit verksamma olika länge för att få en bild av hur deras synsätt eventuellt påverkats av den ökade användningen av datorer, surfplattor etc. Genom observationer i klassrummet har jag kunnat bilda mig en uppfattning av vad eleverna anser om att skriva berättande texter och på vilket sätt de gör det.      Studiens resultat visar att det finns flera metoder som lärarna använder för att undervisa i skrivning när det gäller berättande texter. Resultatet pekar även på att trots att samhället i sig är digitaliserat så har det inte gått riktigt lika fort fram i skolan.

This study investigated whether a relationship exists between learning style and the self-reported technology-related needs, beliefs, stages of adoption, software expertise, and technology competencies of teachers in a large suburban school district. The Gregorc Style Delineator was used to identify dominant learning style, and the Snapshot Survey was used to measure technology-related needs, beliefs, stages of adoption, and software expertise. Technology competencies were measured using the Technology in Education Competency Survey. Data collected from 499 participants was included in data analysis. The study was conducted at each of the 12 elementary schools of a large suburban district in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between learning style and the technology-related needs, stages of adoption, software expertise, and competencies of teachers. The relationship between learning style and technology-related needs was significant at the p < .01 level. The relationships between learning style and technology-related stages of adoption, software expertise, and technology competencies were significant at the p < .05 level. Members of the abstract sequential [AS] learning style group reported having significantly fewer needs and significantly higher stages of adoption, software expertise, and competency than members of one or more of the other learning style groups. More research is recommended to determine whether these findings could be utilized to improve teacher staff development in the area of technology. Possible applications may include mentoring programs and the customization of training models to more closely match learning style profiles.

Depuis les années 70, l’introduction de l’informatique et d’Internet dans la formation des enseignants et dans les programmes du Primaire n’a eu de cesse de générer des questionnements, des craintes et des espoirs. Parallèlement, le recrutement et la formation des enseignants du Primaire n’ont aussi cessé d’être débattus.Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons voulu comprendre la professionnalisation du métier d’enseignant en comparant les représentations de l’informatique et du métier d’enseignant au Primaire d’un groupe en formation (futurs professeurs des écoles, PE) et d’un groupe professionnel (enseignants en poste). Nous avons aussi opérationnalisé l’hypothèse de polyphasie cognitive (Moscovici, 1961) en étudiant, pour un même groupe, la représentation de l’informatique dans le contexte de la vie privée et dans le contexte de la vie professionnelle. Les résultats obtenus par questionnaire montrent, tant au niveau structural qu’au niveau du champ structuré, des différences entre les réponses de 175 futurs PE et celles de 245 enseignants sur l’informatique à l’école. Dans le cadre de leur vie privée, il y a beaucoup moins de différences notables entre leurs réponses. Concernant la représentation du métier, les quelques différences repérées sont expliquées à travers l’expérience et le professionnalisme.Cette recherche participe donc à la compréhension des processus de professionnalisation sous la composante représentationnelle. Elle confirme, par ailleurs, la nécessité de préciser le contexte d’évocation dans des recherches sur les représentations sociales. / Since the 70s, introduction of ICT and Internet in the teachers if training and on curriculum of Primary school has continued to generate questions, fears and hope. In parallel, recruitment and training of Primary school teachers have also been permanently debated.Within the context of this research, we wanted to understand professionalization of teacher profession by comparing ICT representations and teacher profession representations in a training group (future teachers) and in a professional one (teachers in post). We also operationalized the hypothesis of cognitive polyphasia (Moscovici, 1961) by studying, for same group, ICT’ representation in the context of private life and in the context of professional life.The questionnaire results show, both at structural level and at structured field, differences between answers of 175 future teachers and of 245 teachers on ICT at school. As part of their private life, there are far fewer strong differences between their answers. Concerning the representation of profession, some spotted differences are explained through experience and professionalism. This research participates therefore in the understanding of professionalization processes under representational component. It confirms, moreover, the necessity to specify context of evocation in researches on social representations.

The objective of this research was to establish what the influence of gestalt group playtherapy on the self-esteem of primary schoolgirls in a children’s home would be. The goals of the research were to build a knowledge basis by means of a literature study and consultation with experts in the field. The aim of this knowledge basis was the needs and developmental characteristics of the middle childhood years, the characteristics and problems encountered by the children’s home child, to assess by means of an empirical study what the influence of gestalt group playtherapy on the self-esteem of the child in the middle childhood years in a children’s home would be and the nature and scope of gestalt therapy. The study also had the further aim to make recommendations for the use and appropriate application of social workers working in the field of children’s welfare, especially the children’s home. For the empirical study the dominant-less-dominant model was used. The dominant data collection measure that was used, was of the quantitative kind with a small component of qualitative study to support the last mentioned quantitative investigation. Six respondents were identified and engaged in eight group playtherapeutic sessions. Applied research was used as the researcher aimed to find a solution for the problem of low self-esteem in specific children, namely the primary school child in the children’s home. The research resorted under the sub-category of intervention-knowledge-development. This type of research focuses on the practical application of research. The research design that researcher utilized, was the quasi-experimental design where one group pretest-posttest was being used. This design is useful to assess how an independent variable would influence a specific group. The data collection methods used were questionnaires, unstructured observation and the study of respondent’s case records. Empirical data results indicated the following: - the child in a children’s home has weak self-esteem; - the child in a children’s home has problems binding with the peer group; - respondents could already identify and regulate emotions in themselves and understand that emotions are not always correctly observed and interpreted in others; - respondent were very negative towards the children’s home and their committal to the home; - gestalt group playtherapy has a significant influence on the self-esteem of the above mentioned child. The research lead to specific recommendations addressed to parents, teachers, social workers and housemothers aiding them regarding the improvement of a child’s self-esteem. / Dissertation (MSD (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' instructional practices in terms of specific areas of focus pertaining to the teaching and learning of geometry described in literature and, their learners' levels of geometry thinking as elaborated in the Van Hiele theory. A review of literature on the development of geometry understanding was conducted to frame what is meant by 'teachers' instructional practices' as they pertain to the teaching and learning of geometry in this study. These instructional practices are understood to include the appropriate allocation of time for the facilitation of geometry concept development, the use of concrete apparatus, the use of relevant and level appropriate language as well as the use of level appropriate geometry activities. The structure of the curriculum in terms of its content and opportunity for conceptual progression was also considered. Literature reveals continuing discourse regarding the levels of thinking described in the Van Hiele theory, and even though there is no consensus regarding the nature of the levels and that assessing learners' levels of thinking remains difficult and inconclusive, it is generally accepted that the Van Hiele test is a reliable measure in assessing learners' levels of geometry thinking. An exploratory case study design was chosen for this study. The phenomenon being explored is the teaching and learning of geometry in the Foundation and Intermediate Phases of a particular private school. In order to do this, the teachers' timetables and Work Schedules were analysed to determine how much time was allocated to the instruction of Mathematics in general and for the instruction of geometry in particular. These documents also yielded data regarding the type of geometry experiences included in the implemented curriculum. The learners' level of geometry understanding according to the Van Hiele theory was assessed using an instrument designed by Usiskin (1982). This assessment was facilitated by the researcher in the learners' home class and happened in June after six months of instruction in a particular grade level. Data regarding the teachers' perception of geometry and the best method to facilitate the learning of geometry was gathered through a teacher's questionnaire. The teachers were requested to facilitate geometry lessons, which were digitally recorded by the researcher. Each grade level (0-5) was regarded as a sub-unit and analysed as the case for that grade level. The data was then assimilated to present the case of geometry teaching and learning in the Foundation and Intermediate Phases in the school. The findings report that when juxtaposed alongside research, geometry instructional practices in this school, compare favourably with regards to the teachers' professed and observed practice of using concrete aids and tasks that engage the learners actively in developing geometry insight. There is also evidence that these instructional practices support progression through the levels however the shortfall of time allocated to facilitating this progression and the lack of conclusive data regarding the language used and the types of experiences may justify further research into whether this progression is satisfactory. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / unrestricted

Orientador: Jorge Megid Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:54:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_MainaBertagna_D.pdf: 4429161 bytes, checksum: ccb71cc7bf567cb923062d761ad0187e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Muitas pesquisas apontam as dificuldades de professores para ensinar Ciências nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, devido à falta de domínio dos conteúdos específicos e dos fundamentos teóricos, metodológicos e práticos relativos a essa disciplina. Nos cursos de Pedagogia do país, em geral, cerca de 2% da carga horária total tem sido dedicada à formação específica para o Ensino de Ciências. Diante desse cenário, esta pesquisa trata das seguintes questões: quais as fontes de aquisição dos conhecimentos sobre Ciências e seu Ensino requeridas por professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, como esses conhecimentos constituem sua prática pedagógica e quais as influências para essas práticas da formação para o Ensino de Ciências recebida no curso de Pedagogia? O trabalho analisa a trajetória de formação de três professores dos anos iniciais e a formação específica que receberam nos respectivos cursos de Pedagogia. Foram selecionadas três Instituições de Ensino Superior do estado de São Paulo, um docente formador da área de Ensino de Ciências no curso de Pedagogia de cada instituição e um professor egresso de cada curso. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação de algumas aulas nos anos iniciais e análise de documentos curriculares e didáticos das disciplinas desenvolvidas pelos três professores e pelos três formadores. Foram também estudados programas de formação de professores primários da Universidade de Koblenz (Alemanha), da Universidade de Barcelona (Espanha) e da Universidade de Aveiro (Portugal). Foi realizada análise de conteúdo e multicruzamento de dados, com base em categorias estabelecidas a partir de Tardif e Shulman. Discutem-se os resultados a partir da literatura sobre a legislação brasileira de formação de professores e da literatura sobre Ensino de Ciências no âmbito da Didática/Metodologia do Ensino, dos modelos de ensino e da formação de professores. Os resultados mostraram que: a) os professores apreenderam/construíram conhecimentos sobre Ciências e seu ensino principalmente na sua prática docente cotidiana; b) os manuais didáticos foram as principais fontes de aquisição desses conhecimentos, seguidos da internet e das revistas de divulgação científica e escolar; c) os professores apreenderam conhecimentos sobre Ciências e seu Ensino no curso de Pedagogia mais relacionados aos fundamentos teórico-metodológicos do Ensino de Ciências; d) dois formadores desenvolveram suas disciplinas na Pedagogia numa perspectiva construtivista de Ensino de Ciências e com base no modelo da racionalidade prática de formação de professores, enquanto o terceiro formador atuou segundo o modelo tradicional de ensino e o modelo da racionalidade técnica de formação de professores; e) os três professores dos anos iniciais manifestaram concepções e práticas centradas no modelo tradicional, com alguns traços do modelo da redescoberta para dois deles. Diante dos resultados, a pesquisa discute a necessidade da formação em conteúdos específicos integrados aos pedagógicos na formação do professor de Ciências dos anos iniciais e de ampliação da carga horária das disciplinas relacionadas a Ciências e seu Ensino, bem como a necessidade de se criar cursos complementares de especialização ou mestrado profissional para os egressos da Pedagogia e revalorizar o curso Normal de nível médio. / Abstract: Many studies point to teacher difficulties in teaching science at primary school due to a lack of content mastery and theoretical, methodological and practical basis. Overall, in Brazilian Pedagogy undergraduate courses, about 2% of the total course load is devoted to specific training for science teaching. Given this situation, the present study addresses the following questions: which are the sources of acquisition of knowledge on science and science teaching primary school teachers use; how does this knowledge entails their pedagogical practice; how does the teacher education for science teaching performed during the Pedagogy course affects the teacher pedagogical practice? In this study, we have analyzed the education pathways of three primary school teachers, as well as the specific science teaching training they received during the respective Pedagogy undergraduate course. The investigation surveyed the Pedagogy course professor in charge of the Science Teaching course and one former student/presently primary school teacher from three institutions of higher education in the state of São Paulo. The data was obtained by Semi-Structured interviews, classroom observation, and analysis of curriculum and didactical documents from the Pedagogy professors and corresponding primary school teachers. The study also comprised an analysis of the teacher training courses from Koblenz University (Germany), Barcelona University (Spain) and Aveiro University (Portugal). The Brazilian data was analyzed by content analysis and data multi crossing, based on categories that were established from Tardif and Shulman works. We discuss the results considering the literature on Brazilian legislation on teacher education, the literature on science teaching in the context of Teaching Didactics/Methodology, as well as teaching and teacher education models. The results show that: a) teachers learned/built knowledge on science and science teaching mainly during everyday teaching practice; b) the didactic manuals were the major learning sources for science and science teaching knowledge, followed by internet websites and science and education magazines; c) teachers learned science and science teaching knowledge that was related to the theoretical-methodological foundations of Science Teaching during the Pedagogy course; d) two Pedagogy professors have implemented their courses under a constructivist perspective on science teaching and were based on the practical rationality model of teacher education, while the third professor used the traditional teaching model and the technical teacher education model; e) all three primary school teachers have expressed views and practices founded on the traditional model, with two teachers also showing features of the rediscovery model. Given these results, the present study discusses the need for teacher education on specific science contents integrated to pedagogical knowledge in teacher training for primary school science teaching, as well as the need for an increase of the course load dedicated for science and science teaching. Also, we discuss the need for new complementary courses, either for specialization or professional master degree, aimed at former Pedagogy students, and the need for re-appreciating the high school level (Normal) teacher training. / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutora em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEIZE_PONCIANO_DISSERRACAO_3_05_2011.pdf: 799173 bytes, checksum: 606e6b1f383db16f0bddad01e85b7e21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / The black population in Brazil from the historical point of view has always been placed on the margins of society. The process of implementation of Law 10639/2003 and other laws make mandatory the teaching of History and Culture african-brazilian and african, as contents to be inserted in all disciplines of the school curriculum, as well as discussions related to education of ethno-racial relationship. This study aims to examine how the story developed and presented in african-brazilian Curriculum Course 6th to 9th grade History of the State of São Paulo, implemented from 2008. Is being performed a qualitative study which will involve documentary analysis of the Curriculum for teaching History from the 6th to 9th grades of elementary school official of the State of Sao Paulo published in 2009 by emphasizing issues: cultural diversity, appreciation, respect and racial prejudice. The analyses revealed that the Curriculum is not the current situation of Afro-Brazilian in our society, its importance in the construction of the Brazilian History and Culture and provides a consistent debate on cultural diversity, prejudice and racism / A população negra no Brasil sob o ponto de vista histórico, sempre foi colocada à margem da sociedade. O processo de implementação da Lei 10.639/2003 e outros dispositivos legais tornam obrigatórios o ensino da História e Cultura afro-brasileira e africana, como conteúdos a serem inseridos em todas as disciplinas do currículo escolar, bem como discussões pertinentes à educação das relações étnico-raciais. Este estudo se propôs a analisar como é desenvolvida e apresentada a História e Cultura afro-brasileira no Currículo do 6º ao 9ª anos de História do Estado de São Paulo, implementado a partir de 2008. A metodologia da pesquisa configurou-se como pesquisa qualitativa, centrada na análise documental do Currículo para ensino de História dos 6º ao 9° anos do ensino fundamental da rede oficial do Estado de São Paulo, publicada em 2009, dando ênfase às questões: diversidade cultural, valorização, respeito e preconceito racial. As análises revelaram que o Currículo não remete à atual situação do afro-brasileiro em nossa sociedade, sua importância na construção da História e Cultura brasileiras e, não propicia um debate consistente sobre a diversidade cultural, o preconceito e o racismo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEIZE_PONCIANO_DISSERRACAO_3_05_2011.pdf: 799173 bytes, checksum: 606e6b1f383db16f0bddad01e85b7e21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-14 / The black population in Brazil from the historical point of view has always been placed on the margins of society. The process of implementation of Law 10639/2003 and other laws make mandatory the teaching of History and Culture african-brazilian and african, as contents to be inserted in all disciplines of the school curriculum, as well as discussions related to education of ethno-racial relationship. This study aims to examine how the story developed and presented in african-brazilian Curriculum Course 6th to 9th grade History of the State of São Paulo, implemented from 2008. Is being performed a qualitative study which will involve documentary analysis of the Curriculum for teaching History from the 6th to 9th grades of elementary school official of the State of Sao Paulo published in 2009 by emphasizing issues: cultural diversity, appreciation, respect and racial prejudice. The analyses revealed that the Curriculum is not the current situation of Afro-Brazilian in our society, its importance in the construction of the Brazilian History and Culture and provides a consistent debate on cultural diversity, prejudice and racism / A população negra no Brasil sob o ponto de vista histórico, sempre foi colocada à margem da sociedade. O processo de implementação da Lei 10.639/2003 e outros dispositivos legais tornam obrigatórios o ensino da História e Cultura afro-brasileira e africana, como conteúdos a serem inseridos em todas as disciplinas do currículo escolar, bem como discussões pertinentes à educação das relações étnico-raciais. Este estudo se propôs a analisar como é desenvolvida e apresentada a História e Cultura afro-brasileira no Currículo do 6º ao 9ª anos de História do Estado de São Paulo, implementado a partir de 2008. A metodologia da pesquisa configurou-se como pesquisa qualitativa, centrada na análise documental do Currículo para ensino de História dos 6º ao 9° anos do ensino fundamental da rede oficial do Estado de São Paulo, publicada em 2009, dando ênfase às questões: diversidade cultural, valorização, respeito e preconceito racial. As análises revelaram que o Currículo não remete à atual situação do afro-brasileiro em nossa sociedade, sua importância na construção da História e Cultura brasileiras e, não propicia um debate consistente sobre a diversidade cultural, o preconceito e o racismo

Cette thèse appréhende la question de l'expérience subjective des écoliers et des collégiens face aux pratiques évaluatives quotidiennes vécues en salle de classe. Elle cherche à rendre compte des explications que les élèves fournissent pour signifier leurs actions scolaires. La problématique vise à comprendre ce qui fait sens chez les élèves au travers des différentes pratiques évaluatives et de leurs perceptions singulières. Notre travail s'inscrit donc dans une logique compréhensive. Notre méthodologie repose sur la combinaison d’observations de classe, d’entretiens semi dirigés avec des parents d’élèves, des écoliers de CP et CM2, des collégiens de 6e, des enseignants du 1er et 2nd degré, complétée par un questionnaire administré à des écoliers de CM2 et des collégiens de 6e et 5e. Nous nous intéressons aux pratiques évaluatives quotidiennes en tant qu'expériences positives ou négatives dont l'accumulation et la fréquence d'apparition orientent significativement la mobilisation scolaire des élèves. / This PhD tackles the question of the subjective experience of schoolchildren and college students facing daily classroom assessment practices. It seeks to account for pupils’ explanations about their school actions. Our issue is to understand what makes sense to pupils through different assessment practices together with their unique perception. Our research is therefore part of a comprehensive logic. Our methodology is based on the combination of class observations, semi-structured interviews with parents, schoolchildren year 1 and year 5, junior high school students year 6, teachers of the 1st and 2nd degree, completed by a questionnaire carried out for schoolchildren year 5 and college students year 6 and 7. Daily assessment practices as positive or negative experiences whose accumulation and frequency significantly influence the student mobilization are to be investigated.