La cognition sociale a récemment connu un intérêt croissant en neuropsychologique clinique. Cet engouement s’explique notamment par le caractère transdiagnostique mais aussi invalidant des troubles. Cependant, ce construit se heurte encore à de nombreux écueils, tant conceptuels que méthodologiques. Ainsi, dans la schizophrénie, les données de la littérature internationale divergent. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que ces contradictions peuvent être sous-tendues par : 1) le manque de considération pour le caractère multidimensionnel de la cognition sociale, et 2) l’hétérogénéité interindividuelle du fonctionnement. L’objectif général de ce travail de thèse était de réaliser une étude comparée des profils de fonctionnement en cognition sociale dans la population générale et dans la schizophrénie. Pour ce faire, une première étape a été consacrée à une revue systématique des études sur la structure factorielle de la cognition sociale en neuropsychologie clinique (Article 1). Cette revue a permis de proposer un modèle bidimensionnel de la cognition sociale, où les processus de bas et de haut niveau croisent les processus affectifs et cognitifs. Une deuxième étape a consisté à fournir des éléments de validation supplémentaires au PECS-B, une batterie d’évaluation de la cognition sociale composée de sept tâches évaluant cinq dimensions (Article 2). Les résultats ont révélé des qualités psychométriques satisfaisantes en population générale (N = 131) comme dans la schizophrénie (N = 101). Enfin, la troisième étape a consisté à réaliser des analyses en clusters pour explorer l’hétérogénéité interindividuelle dans ces mêmes populations (Article 3). Trois profils différents dans l’échantillon population générale ont été mis en évidence, dont deux caractérisés par des faiblesses spécifiques. En revanche, les trois profils obtenus dans l’échantillon schizophrénie étaient caractérisés par trois niveaux de fonctionnement en cognition sociale : capacités efficientes (similaires aux témoins), moyennes et faibles. Ces deux derniers niveaux étaient également caractérisés par des difficultés d’ordre alexithymique ou neurocognitive. Dans une perspective de pratique basée sur la preuve, ces résultats ont des implications importantes tant pour l’évaluation de la cognition sociale que pour l’orientation des interventions thérapeutiques. / Social cognition has received a growing interest in clinical neuropsychology. This popularity can be explained by the transdiagnostic and negative outcome of social cognition disorders. However, this construct faces many difficulties, conceptual as well as methodological. Thus, concerning schizophrenia, data from the international literature is inconsistent. We hypothesize that these contradictions may be underpinned by: 1) a lack of consideration for the multidimensionality of social cognition, and 2) interindividual heterogeneity of functioning. The overall goal of this thesis was to explore and compare the social cognition functioning profiles in the general population with those for schizophrenia. To do this, a first step was devoted to a systematic review of studies that explored the factor structure of social cognition in clinical neuropsychology (Article 1). This review allowed the proposition of a two-dimensional model of social cognition, in which low and high-level processes cross affective and cognitive ones. A second step was to provide additional validation elements to the PECS-B, a social cognition assessment battery with seven tasks assessing five dimensions (Article 2). The results reported satisfactory psychometric qualities in the general population (N = 131) as well as in schizophrenia (N = 101). Finally, the third step was to carry out cluster analyses to explore interindividual heterogeneity in these same populations (Article 3). Three different profiles in the general population sample were highlighted, of which two were characterized by specific weaknesses. In contrast, the three profiles in the schizophrenia sample were characterized by three levels of social cognition functioning: good (similar to controls), medium and low. The last two levels were also characterized by alexithymic or neurocognitive difficulties. From an evidence-based practice perspective, these findings have important implications for both the assessment and the direction of therapeutic interventions.

Background: Overuse injuries (OI) account for a substantial part of sport injury incidence among athletes of various sports and levels. They lead to serious consequences for athletes’ physical and mental health, as well as athletic performance. Despite the gradual onset of symptoms, athletes often persevere in training and competing. The present study aimed to identify psychological risk profiles suggested to explain maladaptive behaviors prior or in response to first signs of overuse injuries. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: 149 athletes representing 10 individual and team sports responded to a range of questionnaires regarding personal (athletic identity, perfectionistic concerns, grit and negative life stress) and interpersonal (coach-athlete relationship) psychological traits. By using the mobile application Briteback®, participants subsequently answered the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire on a weekly basis during a 10 weeks period. A latent profile analysis was used in order to identify different psychological profiles. Results: Athletes were classified into 3 latent profiles regarding their psychological characteristics: profile 1 was labelled a “perfectionistic OI risk profile”, profile 2 a “negative stress OI risk profile” whereas profile 3 was called a “low risk profile for OI”. Indeed, athletes in profile 1 and 2 were found to be significantly more often affected by overuse problems than individuals in profile 3 (71% of the time, χ² (2) = 9.62, Hedges’ g = (0.71), p < .01 and 70% of the time χ² (2) = 9.13, Hedges’ g = (0.68), p < .01 vs 45% of the time), with athletes in profile 1 also experiencing more substantial overuse problems than for profile 3 (35% vs 21% of the time; χ² (2) = 4.12, Hedges’ g = (0.50), p < .05). Conclusions: Our findings support the existence of two “risk profiles” in which athletes are characterized either by elevated perfectionistic concerns or by high negative stress. These findings could be explained by the perseverative and rigid personality of perfectionistic concerns individuals and by the hypothesis of a synergy between psychological and physiological stress for negative stressed athletes. Coaches should pay particular attention to the psychological characteristics of their athletes in order to prevent overuse injury occurrence and worsening, especially those with high perfectionistic concerns and negative life stress. Cognitive behavioral interventions supporting at-risk athletes in reframing their rule-governed behaviors might decrease the risk of overuse problems.

Three groups of streams were selected in the area of the Bohemian Massif: the Berounka river with its source streams; the Vltava river with its tributaries the Malše and the Lužnice; the Labe river with its tributaries the Cidlina, the Bystřice and the Javorka. The lithological and tectonical influences to several parameters of the streams were studied. These parameters include: stream gradient, orientation of the stream and sinuosity of the stream. Data were obtained from digital elevation models, aerial photographs, topographical and geological maps. The longitudinal profiles of the streams (in the combination with geological cross-sections), the SL indexes and the gradient/sinuosity graphs were created on the basis of the obtained data. These tools were used for evaluation of the influence of lithology and the tectonics to the streams. The evolution of the streams and the stream-groups was evaluated and compared as well. A strong influence of lithology on the stream gradient was found on most of the analysed streams. The tectonic situation, on the contrary, had strong influence on the orientation of the streams, especially in the resistant rocks. Also, there were selected areas, where was a higher probability of quaternary vertical movements influencing the streams (mountainous areas of the Novohradské...

Introdução: A obstrução nasal é um sintoma presente em várias doenças nasais. Este projeto propõe desenvolver uma metodologia para o cálculo da resistência nasal ao fluxo aerífero por meio de fluidodinâmica computacional e comparar os resultados dessa técnica com os da rinomanometria. Métodos: a resistência nasal ao fluxo aerífero foi medida por rinomanometria, experimentalmente e por fluidodinâmica computacional. A influência da segmentação da tomografia computadorizada nas variáveis de fluidodinâmica computacional foi investigada. O modelo computacional de escoamento laminar foi comparado ao modelo de turbulência k-w padrão. Foram analisadas a acurácia, correlação e concordância entre a resistência nasal calculada por fluidodinâmica computacional com aquela obtida por experimento e rinomanometria. Resultados: A resistência nasal provida por fluidodinâmica computacional pode variar até 50% de acordo com os critérios de segmentação da tomografia computadorizada. O modelo de turbulência k-w padrão apresentou acurácia de 93,1%, demonstrando melhor desempenho que o modelo laminar para prever a resistência da cavidade nasal. A correlação entre a vazão em 75Pa obtida por rinomanometria e fluidodinâmica computacional foi alta para ambas as cavidades, Pearson r = 0,75 p < 0,001. Não houve concordância entre a resistência nasal fornecida pelos dois métodos. A resistência nasal por fluidodinâmica computacional é, em média, 65% da resistência por rinomanometria. Conclusão: os critérios para segmentação da cavidade nasal interferem na resistência calculada por fluidodinâmica computacional. A metodologia de fluidodinâmica computacional para calcular a resistência nasal foi validada experimentalmente. O modelo de escoamento turbulento é melhor que o modelo laminar para calcular a resistência nasal. A resistência nasal calculada por fluidodinâmica computacional apresentou alta correlação com a medida por rinomanometria anterior ativa, mas o nível de concordância entre os métodos não permite comparação direta entre os valores obtidos por cada um / Introduction: Nasal obstruction is a symptom present in various nasal diseases. This project proposes to develop a methodology for the calculation of nasal resistance to airflow through computational fluid dynamics and, to compare the results of this technique with those of rhinomanometry. Methods: nasal airflow resistance was measured by rhinomanometry, experimentally and computational fluid dynamics. We investigated the influence of computed tomography segmentation on the computational fluid dynamics variables. The computational model of laminar flow was compared to the kw turbulence model. The accuracy, correlation and agreement between the nasal resistance calculated by computational fluid dynamics was analyzed comparing it with nasal resistance obtained through experiment and rhinomanometry. Results: The nasal resistance provided by computational fluid dynamics can vary up to 50% according to the computed tomography segmentation criteria. The k-w turbulence model showed accuracy of 93.1%, presenting a better performance than the laminar model to predict nasal cavity resistance. The correlation between the flow in 75Pa obtained by rhinomanometry and computational fluid dynamics was high for both cavities, Pearson r >= 0.75 p < 0.001. There was no agreement between nasal resistance provided by the two methods. Nasal resistance due to computational fluid dynamics is, on average, 65% of rhinomanometric resistance. Conclusion: the criteria used for nasal cavity segmentation interfere with the resistance calculated by computational fluid dynamics. The methodology of computational fluid dynamics to calculate nasal resistance was validated experimentally. The turbulent flow model is better than the laminar model to calculate nasal resistance. The nasal resistance calculated by computational fluid dynamics showed a high correlation with the measurement by active rhinomanometry, but the level of agreement between the methods does not allow a direct comparison between the values obtained by each one

The use of computer programs to predict drug absorption in humans and to simulate dissolution profiles has become a valuable tool in the pharmaceutical area. The objective of this study was to use in silico methods through software GastroPlusTM and DDDPlusTM to simulate drug absorption curves and dissolution profiles, and to establish in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVCs). The work presented herein is divided into five chapters and includes the drugs ketoprofen, pyrimethamine, metronidazole, fluconazole, carvedilol and doxazosin. In Chapter 1, simulated plasma curves for ketoprofen matrix tablets are presented and IVIVC was established. The use of simulated intrinsic dissolution tests for pyrimethamine and metronidazole as a tool for biopharmaceutics classification is detailed in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, simulation of plasma curves for fluconazole capsules with different dissolution profiles is demonstrated as a tool for biowaiver. IVIVC studies were also conducted for carvedilol immediate-release tablets from dissolution profiles in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 covers the application of simulated dissolution tests for development of doxazosin extended-release formulations. Simulation of plasma curves and IVIVC using the software GastroPlusTM as well as intrinsic dissolution tests and dissolution profiles using the software DDDPlusTM proved to be a tool of wide application in predicting biopharmaceutical characteristics of drugs and formulations, allowing the reduction of time and costs of experimental laboratory work. / O uso de programas de computador para prever a absorção de fármacos em humanos e simular perfis de dissolução tem se tornado uma ferramenta bastante valiosa na área farmacêutica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar métodos in silico por meio dos programas de computador GastroPlusTM e DDDPlusTM para simular curvas de absorção de fármacos, perfis de dissolução e estabelecer correlações in vitro-in vivo (CIVIVs). O material aqui apresentado é constituído por cinco capítulos incluindo os fármacos cetoprofeno, pirimetamina, metronidazol, fluconazol, carvedilol e doxazosina. No capítulo 1 são apresentadas curvas plasmáticas simuladas para comprimidos matriciais de cetoprofeno, sendo estabelecida a CIVIV. A utilização de simulações de ensaios de dissolução intrínseca para os fármacos pirimetamina e metronidazol como uma ferramenta para classificação biofarmacêutica é detalhada no capítulo 2. No capítulo 3, a simulação de curvas plasmáticas a partir de cápsulas de fluconazol contendo diferentes perfis de dissolução é demonstrada como uma ferramenta para bioisenção. Estudos de CIVIV foram também realizados para comprimidos de liberação imediata de carvedilol a partir dos perfis de dissolução no capítulo 4. Já o capítulo 5 trata da aplicação de simulações de ensaios de dissolução para o desenvolvimento de formulações de liberação prolongada de doxazosina. As simulações das curvas plasmáticas, assim como a CIVIV, obtidas com o auxílio do programa GastroPlusTM, além dos ensaios de dissolução intrínsica e os perfis de dissolução obtidos por meio do uso do programa DDDPlusTM apresentaram-se como ferramentas de grande aplicação na previsão de características biofarmacêuticas sobre os fármacos e formulações, permitindo redução de tempo e custo com trabalho experimental em laboratório.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:47:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 _diego_della_justina.pdf: 3123259 bytes, checksum: 7482af0ac4e10eb7e14854f470ff3593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-30 / Soybeans are an important agricultural crop, with expressive economical participation; thus, it is necessary the adoption of practices that enable crop forecasting, contributing for a better market position of this commodity. Remote sensing methodologies for monitoring production through are highly effective, due to their low cost, large-scale coverage and smaller time consumption. One of these techniques used is the NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, which has been employed on a large scale through use of the MODIS sensor. However, orbital sensors are subject to the influence of atmospheric factors and the culture dynamics, which may have different spectral behaviors among cultivars of the same species. In this context, non-orbital spectroscopy would be a viable solution for studying the existence of variations in the spectral behavior of any crop without further interference from exogenous factors. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the temporal profiles of NDVI obtained with orbital MODIS sensor and non-orbital sensor GreenSeeker during the soybean development cycle. The study was conducted in two plots (T1 and T2) located on the Central Cooperative of Agricultural Research - COODETEC, in Cascavel State of Paraná. Samples of NDVI of thirteen pixels, three of them called pure pixels and ten non pure pixels, were taken at irregular intervals, but representing crop cycle. The data obtained by the non-orbital sensor were analyzed by exploratory analysis. Means of both orbital and non-orbital sensors were compared by test-t at 5% significance level. The means comparison test demonstrated the data obtained through the two sensors to be statistically different. However, both showed good dynamic range and sensibility to monitor and access spatial and temporal variations in the vegetation. / Uma vez que a soja é uma importante cultura agrícola, com expressiva participação econômica, se faz necessário a adoção de práticas que viabilizem a previsão de safra, contribuindo para melhor posicionamento da commodity no mercado. Metodologias de acompanhamento de produção por sensoriamento remoto orbital são alternativas eficazes devido ao baixo custo, grande escala de abrangência e rapidez. Uma das técnicas de acompanhamento agrícola empregada são os índices de vegetação, dentre eles o NDVI Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada, que vem sendo empregado em larga escala por meio do sensor MODIS. Porém, sensores orbitais estão sujeitos à influência dos fatores atmosféricos e da dinâmica das culturas, que podem apresentar diferentes comportamentos espectrais entre cultivares de uma mesma espécie. Nesse contexto, a espectroscopia terrestre, (não-orbital), pode ser uma solução viável para o estudo da existência de variações no comportamento espectral de qualquer cultura agrícola, sem maiores interferências de fatores exógenos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os perfis temporais de NDVI obtidos com o sensor orbital MODIS e o sensor não-orbital GreenSeeker durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento da soja. O estudo foi conduzido em dois talhões (T1 e T2) localizados nas dependências da Cooperativa Central de Pesquisa Agrícola COODETEC, no município de Cascavel PR. Amostras de NDVI de treze pixels, sendo três puros e dez não puros, foram tomadas em intervalos não regulares, porém, representativos ao desenvolvimento da cultura. Os dados obtidos por meio do sensor não-orbital foram submetidos a análise exploratória. As médias de ambos os sensores orbital e não-orbital foram comparadas pelo teste-t a 5% de significância. O teste de comparação de médias demonstrou que os dados obtidos entre os dois sensores são estatisticamente diferentes. No entanto, ambos demonstraram um bom alcance dinâmico e sensibilidade para monitorar e acessar variações espaciais e temporais da vegetação.

The present study attempts to determine the specific interrelationship between a child’s intentional communicative act rate, maternal responsiveness and child temperament to help give further insight into the nature of the interaction. This present study also aims to determine the unique contributions of a child’s communicative act rate, parental responsiveness, and child temperament to a child’s later vocabulary size. Given the growing evidence that a child’s use of communicative acts has an effect on the rate of adult responses (Vallotton, 2009; Tamis-LeMonda et al., 2001) we predict that there will be a positive reciprocal relationship between a child’s communicative act rate at 7, 10, 13, and 20 months and the rate of parental responsiveness to the communicative act. The researchers also propose that individuals who are considered temperamentally difficult will exhibit slower language development than those with easy temperaments. As far as the unique contributions of the 3 areas to children’s vocabulary size, this particular research question is incomparable to any other in that it seeks to decipher the unique contributions of each. Twenty-two participants were selected from a larger sample of 70 children who were part of a previous study, which connected temperament and language acquisition at 7, 10, 13, and 20 months. To measure vocabulary, the MacArthur Communication Development Inventory: Sounds and Gestures was administered to the subjects of this study. The mothers were asked to complete the MCDI and to report about their children’s vocabulary comprehension at 7, 10, 13, and 20 months and production at 10, 13, 20 months. To measure a child’s communicative act rate, video samples were gathered from 22 mother and child pairs during play and book-reading at each of the four ages during a play and a book-reading activity as part of their original study. Individual sample times were used to calculate rates of communicative acts and canonical vocalizations. Each potential communicative act received codes to indicate: the means of communication, direction of the behavior toward the caregiver, and the purpose of communicative act. Each maternal response was coded using the following operational definitions: on-topic response, off- topic response (with or without linguistic mapping), and no response. According to our findings, child communicative act at 10 months is correlated to vocabulary production totals at 13 and 20 months. In addition, a child’s communicative act rate is highly correlated with parental linguistic mapping at 10 months. Parental responsiveness, defined as on topic linguistic mapping, was found to be positively correlated with a child’s word production totals at 13 and 20 months. Our findings support previous research examining parental responsiveness and child communicative act rate and their relationship to a child’s later vocabulary. The results of this study also determined that temperament did not correlate with a child’s prelinguistic communicative act rate, parental responsiveness, or later child vocabulary comprehension or production at the first linguistic stage (13 and 20 months). Results from previous studies have indicated a relationship between temperament and the aforementioned variables; however, our findings negate these earlier findings.

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East Tennessee State University developed a workflow to add journal publications to their institutional repository and faculty profiles using three tools: Zotero for entering metadata, SHERPA/RoMEO for checking copyright permissions, and Unpaywall for locating full-text documents. This study evaluates availability and accuracy of the information and documents provided by Zotero, SHERPA/RoMEO, and Unpaywall for journal publications in four disciplines. The tools were less successful with works authored by arts and humanities and education faculty in comparison to works authored by medicine and health sciences and social and behavioral sciences faculty. The findings suggest that publisher practices contributed to the disciplinary differences.

Recombination line profile shapes are derived for ionized spherical stellar winds at radio wavelengths. It is assumed that the wind is optically thick owing to free-free opacity. Emission lines of arbitrary optical depth are obtained assuming that the free-free photosphere forms in the outer, constant expansion portion of the wind. Previous works have derived analytic results for isothermal winds when the line and continuum source functions are equal. Here, semi-analytic results are derived for unequal source functions to reveal that line shapes can be asymmetric about line center. A parameter study is presented and applications discussed.