Las municipalidades pretenden mejorar el nivel de recaudación del impuesto predial, con el objetivo de tener ingresos solventes que puedan satisfacer las necesidades públicas en beneficio de los pobladores. La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo principal determinar la relación entre la cultura tributaria y la recaudación del impuesto predial en el Servicio de Administración Tributaria de Chiclayo, 2021-2022. Se realizó un estudio de enfoque mixto, de tipo aplicada, de nivel descriptivo correlacional y de diseño no experimental. Se utilizó como instrumentos el cuestionario, la entrevista y la guía de análisis documental, en relación con la cultura tributaria y la recaudación del impuesto predial de los años 2021-2022. Los resultados que se obtuvieron mostraron que la cultura tributaria tiene una relación directa con la recaudación del impuesto predial, lo que refleja que aquellos contribuyentes que posean conocimientos tributarios, de modo voluntario tienden a cumplir con el pago de sus obligaciones tributarias, contribuyendo a la recaudación del impuesto predial. / Municipalities aim to improve the level of property tax collection, with the aim of having solvent income that can satisfy public needs for the benefit of residents. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the relationship between tax culture and property tax collection in the Tax Administration Service of Chiclayo, 2021-2022. That said, a mixed approach study was carried out, of applied type, at a correlational descriptive level and with a non-experimental design. The questionnaire, the interview and the documentary analysis guide were used as instruments, in relation to tax culture and property tax collection for the years 2021-2022. The results obtained showed that tax culture has a direct relationship with the collection of property tax, which reflects that those taxpayers who have tax knowledge voluntarily tend to comply with the payment of their tax obligations, contributing to the collection of property tax.

This study investigates two specific types of transactions---source of profits and real property gains---in the Hong Kong tax context as well as how the structure of transactions with tax implications affects taxpayers' and stakeholders' decisions in the context of taxation management. Effective tax planning, among other factors, requires the tax planner who makes investment and financing decisions to consider not only explicit taxes but also implicit taxes [Scholes and Wolfson (SW), 1992; 2002]. This study has two main objectives. First, using 73 and 161 published legal case decisions on locality of profits and gains from real property transactions respectively, this study runs binary logit tests to examine the relative significance of the major factors contributing to judicial decisions on locality of profits and gains from real property transactions. As such, it provides business managers with empirical evidence and insightful thoughts on gaining a proper understanding of the structure of business transactions for the purposes of taxation management. Second, it extensively reviews the corporate tax structure in the Asia-Pacific region, international corporate tax research, and the implicit taxes theories, thereby providing the institutional setting for the above empirical work. The empirical results indicate that the factor, "location of services/work rendered" is exceptionally positive and significant to judicial decisions on source of profits; three factors, namely "financial ability of taxpayer", "circumstances leading to disposal", and "stated or actual intention at time of acquisition of subject property" are statistically significant to judicial decisions on gains from real property transactions. The results of both are robust to the two logit models. / Cheung Kowk Chun. / "May 2004." / Adviser: Zhaodong Jiang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-04, Section: A, page: 1438. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 237-260). / Available also through the Internet via Current research @ Chinese University of Hong Kong under title: Taxation management and the structure of transactions evidences of source of profits and real property gains. An implicit tax perspective (China) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Chapter 1: I analyze economies of scale for fire and police services by considering how per-household costs are affected by a municipality’s size. Using 2005-2008 municipal data for the Province of Ontario, I employ a partial-linear model to non-parametrically estimate per-household cost curves for each service. The results show that cost per household is a U-shaped function of municipal size for each service. For fire services, these costs are minimized at a population of about 20,000 residents, while for police services they are minimized at about 50,000 residents. Based on these results, implications are drawn for municipal amalgamation policy. Chapter 2: I review how the literature has continued to exclude the business property tax (BPT) from the marginal effective tax rate (METR) on capital investment for over 25 years. I recast the METR theory as it relates to the BPT and compute 2013 estimates of the METR for all 10 provinces in Canada with provincial BPTs included. Building on these estimates, I compute the METR inclusive of municipal BPTs for the largest municipality in each province. I find the BPT to be substantially damaging to municipal, provincial and international competitiveness. With the business property tax representing over 60% of the Canadian METR, among the various capital taxes it is by far the largest contributor to Canada’s investment barrier. Chapter 3: I estimate the responsiveness of structure investment and the tax base to commercial property taxes, taking a new step toward resolving the “benefit view” vs. “capital tax view” debate within the literature. Using a first-difference structural model to analyze 2006-2013 municipal data for the Province of Ontario, I improve upon past studies and build onto the literature in a number of ways. I find that commercial structure investment and tax base are highly sensitive to the property tax with Ontario’s assessment-weighted average tax elasticity (and tax-base elasticity) ranging from -0.80 to -0.90 at 2011 taxation levels. The results support the capital tax view of the business property tax, building onto the growing consensus that business property taxes substantially impact investment in structures and the value of the tax base.

This thesis is focused on tax issue, witch relates to real property trading. In the theoretical part of the thesis I describe the basic terms and deal with individual tax, which is related to the mentioned tax. In the context of the thesis will be compared to the tax burden for selected model situations that may arise in the sale, purchase or lease of real property. This load will be examined from the point of view of physical persons, to self-employed persons and also legal persons.

A pre–post case study was conducted to examine how target revenue funding from Texas House Bill 1 (2006) has impacted the school districts within the Texas Education Service Center Region X area. Forced by the courts, the Texas Legislature was required to fix the Texas school finance system because of a de facto statewide property tax it had created by capping school district’s maintenance & operations tax rate at $1.50. Texas Governor Rick Perry used this opportunity to reduce school district M&O taxes by one-third. The Texas Legislature passed House Bill 1 (2006), the Public School Finance and Property Tax Relief Act, in response to the courts and to address a continuous decline in state funding support for public education. The Public School Finance and Property Tax Relief Act reduced local school districts’ property tax rates and revenue with the assurance that these funds would be exchanged for state aid. Local school property taxes were reduced over two years, 2006–2007 and 2007-2008, by 33%. In order for the State of Texas to meet the state aid funding guarantee from House Bill 1 (2006), each school district was frozen to its 2005–2006 revenue per weighted student, which was called a district’s revenue target. This study examined the impact target revenue has had on these school districts by analyzing and comparing revenues and expenditures prior to and following the law’s implementation. Specifically, changes in per-student revenue, per-student expenditures, and district fund balances were assessed.

Legal aspects of the fight against tax evasion The aim of this thesis is an analysis of selected institutes fighting against tax evasion. Furthermore, an analysis of reasons for their implementation, their purpose and the problems associated with them. Also the current impact of tools that have been part of Czech law for long is reviewed. The thesis is divided into 8 chapters. The first chapter deals with basic concepts, such as a tax, its functions and principles. The second chapter discusses what is tax evasion, the issue of defying what is still considered a tax evasion and what not, and also highlights the socio- economic origin of tax evasion. Furthermore, the chapter summarizes effective and necessary tools in fight against tax evasion in the European Union, which provides the legal framework in tax laws for the Czech Republic. Finally, this chapter is an overview of the effects of cooperation and active battle against tax evasion within the European Union. In following chapters, various mechanisms are analysed. The first is an inspection report, a new tool introduce on 1/1/2016. This chapter also describe problems of carousel fraud and the analysis of the constitutional complaint filed related to this institute. Other instruments are the reverse charge and the concept of liability. These two...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luisa Cristina Miranda Carneiro.pdf: 1343051 bytes, checksum: 756299a194be3ba131dde3ffd4b4e33b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-09 / This research s purpose is studying the limits of the taxing competence granted to the States and the Federal District to legislate and impose the Vehicle Property Tax (IPVA), from the analysis of the aspects of the Matrix-rule of tax levy, built on the basis of constitutional provisions and infra constitutional rules, and under the methodology of Constructivism Logical-Semantic. IPVA was created in 1985 and is considered a simple tax by the doctrine. However, it has become increasingly important in the Brazilian legal scenario, which is revealed by the increase of its revenues, the growth of various disputes towards the tax, and the notorious tax war between States, which compromises the integrity the federal pact, creates legal uncertainty and undermine both the States and the taxpayers that act in good faith / A presente pesquisa tem por escopo o estudo dos limites da competência tributária atribuída aos Estados-membros e ao Distrito Federal para instituição e cobrança do Imposto sobre a Propriedade de Veículos Automotores (IPVA), a partir da análise dos aspectos que compõem sua regra-matriz de incidência tributária, construída com fundamento em normas da Constituição Federal e de diplomas infraconstitucionais e sob a metodologia do Constructivismo Lógico-Semântico. O IPVA foi instituído em 1985 e é um imposto ainda carecedor de maiores lucubrações pela doutrina. Não obstante, vem assumindo crescente importância no cenário jurídico brasileiro, revelada no aumento de sua representatividade econômica para os Estados da Federação, no avanço das diversas controvérsias que passam a gravitar em torno desse tributo e na propagação da famigerada guerra fiscal, que compromete a integridade do pacto federativo, gera insegurança jurídica e prejudica tanto os Estados-membros, quanto os contribuintes de boa-fé

This study investigates the potential economic impact of a land tax implemented in terms of the Local Government Municipal Property Rates Act No. 6 of 2004 (“the LGMPRA”) on selected commercial farms in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) using individual farm data for the period 2001-2006. The study first presents a brief history of land taxes around the world, describing the origins, prevalence and rates of land tax in the United States of America (USA), Australia, Britain and some Nordic countries. This sets the background for a brief history of land taxation in South Africa up to the implementation of the LGMPRA. The study then identifies the economic effects of a land tax, highlighting issues such as the capitalization of a land tax, relevant views of this tax, valuation methodologies, the advantages and disadvantages of a land tax, and the effects of a land tax on future capital investment on farms. Thirdly, the study presents key provisions in the LGMPRA pertaining to farmers with regard to land tax rebates, reductions and exemptions, farmland valuations and the determination of a land tax rate. The effect and applicability of these rebates, reductions and exemptions on the effective land tax rate are also discussed. Fourthly, the study uses a Residual Income Methodology (RIM) framework to estimate the annual economic profit (return to risk and land excluding capital gains) for five different case study farms in the Mtonjaneni and Umgeni municipal districts of KZN. This RIM framework makes allowance for the opportunity cost of management in estimating annual economic profit. These case studies are typical of the main farming enterprises in KZN such as sugarcane, timber, intensive poultry, intensive dairy, cattle, maize and potatoes. Sensitivity analysis is then applied to assess the effect of land tax rates ranging from 0.5% to 5% of the market value of land and fixed improvements on the five farms’ ability to pay a land tax after accounting for rebates proposed by the Department: Provincial and Local Government (DPLG). The estimated mean annual rate of return to risk and land (excluding capital gains) prior to the land tax for the five case study farms during 2001-2006 ranged from -8.50% to 2.94%, with an average of -1.74%. The case farms’ ability to pay a land tax rate of 1% on the value of improved land with and without proposed DPLG rebates from annual current operating returns ranged from zero to five out of five years, with an average of two out of five years. A 2% land tax rate with such rebates could be financed using annual current operating returns also only in two out of five years on average. These results suggest that land taxes at the proposed rates of 1.5% (Mtonjaneni) or 1% (Umgeni) on these specific farms would markedly reduce the incentive to invest in farm improvements These results also indicate that further research in KZN and other provinces in South Africa needs to be conducted to help ascertain the effects of the implementation of the LGMPRA in other municipalities. / Thesis (M.Agric.Man.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

This paper aims to discuss, in the academic field, a subject forgotten in the Brazilian constitutional debate, namely, the fundamental duties. With support in the European doctrine, especially the Portuguese headed by Professor José Casalta Nabais, seeks to demonstrate the evolution and importance of the constitutional debate about the fundamental duties in the current legal scenario. In an inter relational perspective, the fundamental duties are understood not as restrictions on fundamental rights, but as an autonomous legal category, relating them to a greater or lesser degree, with fundamental rights. In this context, it addressed the fundamental duty to pay taxes, highlighting the importance of tax in the democratic rule of law, building up a new vision of legal tax relationship. The tribute is no longer seen as a rule of social rejection, seeing as a fundamental duty inherent to citizenship and resulting solidarity, serving as an appropriate and necessary instrument for the much desired social change. They are also investigated the ethical and moral issues related to taxation, identifying the acts committed by both the state and taxpayers. Within this perspective is an analysis of the need to update the generic plant property tax values as embodiment of the contributory capacity principle, demonstrating the close relationship of that principle with the principle of social solidarity in order to demonstrate that such update reveals itself as an imperative constitutional. / O presente trabalho objetiva discutir, no âmbito acadêmico, um tema esquecido no debate constitucional brasileiro, qual seja, os deveres fundamentais. Com suporte na doutrina europeia, em especial a portuguesa capitaneada pelo professor José Casalta Nabais, procura-se demonstrar a evolução e a importância do debate constitucional acerca dos deveres fundamentais no cenário jurídico atual. Em uma perspectiva inter relacional, os deveres fundamentais são compreendidos não como restrições aos direitos fundamentais, mas sim como categoria jurídica autônoma, relacionando-os, em maior ou menor grau, com os direitos fundamentais. Neste contexto, é abordado o dever fundamental de pagar tributos, destacando-se a sua importância no Estado Democrático de Direito, construindo-se uma nova visão da relação jurídica tributária. O tributo deixa de ser encarado como uma norma de rejeição social, afeiçoando-se como um dever fundamental inerente à cidadania e decorrente da solidariedade, servindo como instrumento adequado e necessário para a tão almejada transformação social. São investigados também os aspectos éticos e morais relacionados à tributação, identificando as condutas praticadas tanto pelo Estado quanto pelos contribuintes. Dentro desta perspectiva é feita uma análise acerca da necessidade de atualização da Planta Genérica de Valores do IPTU como forma de realização do Princípio da Capacidade Contributiva, demonstrando-se a íntima relação do referido princípio com o Princípio da Solidariedade Social a fim de demonstrar que referida atualização revela-se como um imperativo de índole constitucional. Palavras-Chave: Direitos Fundamentais

The aim of diploma thesis is to guarantee all requirements, which are necessary for providing a correct service of tax advisory. The main aim is devided into three parcial aims: description of development proces, analysis of related tax issues and to provide a development trends estimation. Methods used in this paper are recherche of related sources, interview with overal 13 consultants, analysis and folowing synthesis of reached knowledge. In comparison with another papers on similar topic, this text puts accent on practical aspects of development company taxation. Because of more precise understanding of commented issues, thesis provides chronological structure instead of classic thematical structure, used in most of similar papers. Thesis accomplished all the established objectives so it is efficient educational instrument mainly for a bookkeeperes and tax advisors, who needs to gain a knowledge of development as such, and it´s taxation.