Författaren uppmärksammande under hösten 2016 att personer med funktionsnedsättningars personliga assistanstimmar minskade helt eller delvis. Studien ämnar därför undersöka hur det har skett en diskursiv förskjutning av begreppet personer med funktionsnedsättningar sedan LSS blev lag tills idag. Detta görs genom en diskursanalys av LSS propositionen och domar från varje årtionde, det vill säga 90-tal, 00-tal och 10-tal som förflutit sedan lagen togs i kraft. Resultaten av analysen visar att det skett två diskursiva förskjutningar under de år som LSS har funnits, den första angående de grundläggande behoven redan ett par år efter att LSS hade trätt i kraft. Den andra stod att hitta i regeringsrättens dom från 2009 där de grundläggande behoven drogs till sin spets för att endast gälla krävande och privata behov för personer med funktionsnedsättning.

According to American philosopher W. W. Bartley, the transition from tradi- tional Aristotelian to Boolean logic is a revolutionary milestone in the history of logic. The work of George Boole which was followed by a developement of a mathematicaly oriented logic brings a shift of paradigm. In my thesis I follow the period in which the shift is said to have happened. I explicate the elements of syllogistic and its main conceptions as expounded in a textbook The Rudiments of Logic written by Henry Aldrich. Furthermore I demon- strate logical systems of three authors: Archbishop Richard Whately, George Boole and Lewis Carroll. I accent the connection of those systems and the practical aspect of logic. With this in mind I consider Bartley's statement and estimate the role of the rules in the systems and its possible use in three domains circumscribed in Aldriches book: simple apprehension, judgement and discourse. 1

Many entrepreneurs pursue the IT-industry, which is characterized by opportunities and international growth. However, due to failures in sales, marketing and operations, many IT-startups never reach profitability and sustainable performance.  On behalf of the IT-startup Realbridge, the authors have been asked to investigate how their sales process can be made more efficient. By identifying elements in the sales process, the authors can provide suggestions supported by theories and qualitative data on how Realbridge and similar companies can redesign and improve their sales process. The study further investigates the role of sales in the business model and how a changed sales process impact value delivery and innovate the business model. Consequently, the thesis aims to answer the following research questions: How does a firm’s sales process impact value delivery in the business model? How can small IT-companies similar to Realbridge and their product improve their sales process efficiency? This degree project has several purposes. Firstly, it aims to further investigate the role of sales in value delivery in the business model. This will extend knowledge and research on value delivery and sales, and will further investigate the relationship between components of the business model. Secondly, it will serve as a guide for managers in IT-firms on how they can improve the sales process. Thirdly, it will create an understanding of how IT-firms similar to Realbridge can develop or innovate their business model in terms of changed value delivery, key activities and sales process. As the aim of this study is to extend knowledge in the business model and sales literature, as well as analyze Realbridge’s sales process and culminate in recommendations on how IT-startups can increase their sales efficiency, this degree project takes form as a qualitative case study. Interviews have been conducted with interviewees in four different organizations with three different perspectives: Realbridge’s perspective, customer in the car dealership industry’s perspective and non-customer in the car dealership industry’s perspective. The data has been processed in accordance to thematic analysis. The analysis has led the authors to the conclusion that a changed sales process impact value delivery and consequently innovate the business model. It is also found that the sales process impact value creation and capture. Moreover, in order to effectively design a sales process, Realbridge and similar companies must effectively segment the market, focus on fewer segments initially and target them according to their expected financial contribution. They should state and communicate a specific value proposition related to the approached segment’s main needs. Furthermore, customer preferences have to be accounted for in terms of sales channels and type of relationships, and it can be seen as a financial risk to maximize value creation and value delivery for all customers.

Organisations strive to gain competitive advantages and there is an increasing demand for more advanced technology in today's dynamic and complex environment. The importance of engineering is increasing in the global world, which leads to a higher demand of professional engineers. They represent among the hardest roles to fill. The short supply of engineers, the high employment rate and low unemployment rate among engineers in Sweden makes it difficult for companies to attract them. This issue is often described as ‘The War for Talent’. The War for Talent is a greater issue for organisations within the public sector because of negative prejudices, reputations and stereotypes. This and the fact that there are limited resources for marketing within the public sector when they are funded by the government, make it difficult to compete with organisations within the private sector. The public sector in Sweden is relatively large, and The Swedish Transport Administration is a large company within the public sector that need to prepare for the war for talents among companies within the private sector. The purpose of this research is to investigate work value preferences of professional engineers and important recruitment aspects to consider, when choosing an employer. To deal with the war of talents effectively, the concept of employer branding has been developed as an effective organisational strategy for employment. In the report, we will study the concept of employer branding and the employer branding process, work value preferences and important recruitment aspects to enhance understanding of how companies can attract professional engineers in Sweden, to initiate a career within the public sector. Our data collection was through qualitative interviews with eight professional engineers, both from the private and the public sector. Our study developed an adapted framework with work values preferred by Swedish professional engineers that can be used as a guide to help and enable to attract and recruit engineers towards the public sector. We found differences between the public sector and the private, and six core values preferred by Swedish professional engineers, where organisations in the public sector should put a certain emphasis on two of them. There were some certain preferences among recruitment channels, and we found that recruitment strategies could enhance, improve or damage the brand and that the corporate reputation affects the opinion of the company. We also have some specific recommendations towards the case company.

[pt] O advento e consolidação do processo de lingotamento contínuo, hoje dominante no setor siderúrgico, trouxe à tona os crescentes esforços de investigação e análise dos fenômenos relacionados com o comportamento dos aços a elevadas temperaturas. Diferentemente do lingotamento convencional, o lingotamento contínuo é um processo dinâmico no qual ocorre a oscilação do molde enquanto o veio em solidificação é continuamente extraído ao mesmo tempo que é submetido a um segundo resfriamento dito secundário. No Brasil há um parque industrial de empresas que se dedicam à laminação a quente de semiacabados fornecidos por terceiros como placas de aço, as quais são cortadas a quente sob a forma de tarugos de seção quadrada que são então destinados a laminação. A linha de produção dessas empresas compreende basicamente produtos estruturais tais como barras chatas, barras redondas, barras quadradas, cantoneiras e até perfis especiais destinados à indústria automobilística e de máquinas. Uma série catastrófica de eventos de qualidade relacionados com trincas emergiu da laminação de tarugos de aço SAE 1020 oriundos de placas continuamente lingotadas. Essas trincas, porventura preexistentes ou latentes no interior das placas podem ter sido exacerbadas por efeitos de zonas termicamente afetas durante as operações de corte. A solução proposta para superação dessa contingência foi então a de criação de um aço de substituição com teores inferiores de carbono e maior conteúdo de ligas que preservasse as propriedades mecânicas do material laminado. Teores inferiores de carbono não apenas contribuem para a minimização dos efeitos oriundos das transformações peritéticas como também agem favoravelmente sobre as consequências decorrentes de zonas termicamente afetadas. Essa proposta foi bem sucedida e a composição química desse aço de substituição denominado pseudo-1020 passou a ser desde então padrão de laminação. Amostras do SAE 1020 laminado com ocorrências de trincas e do aço de substituição foram obtidas e transformadas em corpos de prova para a realização de ensaios de tração, dureza e impacto. Essa dissertação objetiva apresentar toda a fenomenologia relacionada com a ocorrência de trincas superfícies e internas em aços continuamente lingotados, em especial os submetidos a transformações peritéticas, e as premissas que fundamentaram a criação do aço de substituição e os resultados auferidos. / [en] The advent and consolidation of the continuous casting process, currently dominant in the Steel Industry, raised the increasing investigation and analyses efforts on the phenomena related to the high-temperature behavior of the steels. Unlike the conventional ingot casting process, the continuous casting is a dynamic process in which occurs the mold oscillation while the strand under solidification is continuously withdrawn and submitted to a secondary cooling operation. In Brazil, it can be found an industrial park of companies dedicated to the hot rolling of semis supplied by third parties as steel slabs, which ones are flame cut in the form of square billets for rolling. The production mix of these companies encompasses structural steels such as flat bars, round bars, angles and even special profiles for the machines and automotive industries. A catastrophic series of quality events related to cracking emerged from the rolling of SAE 1020 billets made from continuously cast slabs. These cracks, perhaps pre-existing or latent in the inner parts of the slabs could be exacerbated by thermal affected zones during the flame-cut operations. The propose solution to overcoming this contingency was the creation of a replacement steel grade with lower carbon content and higher alloy content aiming to preserve the mechanical properties of the as rolled material. Lower carbon contents does not only contributes to the minimization of the effects arising from the peritetic transformations as also act in favor on the consequences coming from thermal affected zones. This proposition was well successful and the chemical composition of this replacement steel called pseudo- 1020 since then became a rolling standard. Samples of the rolled SAE 1020 steel with cracks occurrences and of the replacement steel were taken and transformed in specimens for tensile strengths, hardness and impact tests.This paper aims to present all related phenomena to the occurrence of inner and superficial cracks in continuously cast steels, in special the ones submitted to peritetic transformations, and the premises that support the creation of a replacement steel and the related results.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-20T13:19:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dinamicas_competitivas.pdf: 1702018 bytes, checksum: a7f7e9c2098a95a895b1aab3780c69a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-20T13:19:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dinamicas_competitivas.pdf: 1702018 bytes, checksum: a7f7e9c2098a95a895b1aab3780c69a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Nenhuma / Em um ambiente de negócios globalizado, que está em constante mudança, as organizações hospitalares vêm evoluindo e adaptando-se às exigências a elas impostas, ora pelo governo através de políticas de saúde publica, ora pelo mercado por meio da pressão natural pela eficiência, efetividade, e pela busca da sustentabilidade econômica. Ao abordar o tema de dinâmicas competitivas no setor da saúde no âmbito das organizações hospitalares filantrópicas de Porto Alegre, o presente estudo investiga sobre as transformações e movimentos estratégicos que ocorrem nestas organizações.As dificuldades financeiras enfrentadas pela maioria das organizações hospitalares filantrópicas brasileiras, que são aquelas que tem um regime especial de isenção de impostos, vêm despertando preocupações de ordem política e social e se tornado, nos últimos anos, um dos maiores desafios enfrentados pelas supracitadas entidades. A escolha do tema justifica-se pelo fato de o setor da saúde ter importância capital para a o bem estar de qualquer sociedade, e isto se dá não só pela natureza de suas operações, mas também por fomentar o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: quais as dinâmicas competitivas que se manifestam atualmente no ambiente das instituições filantrópicas de saúde de Porto Alegre? O método escolhido teve um caráter qualitativo a partir de um estudo de caso exploratório. Para tanto, foram entrevistados seis diretores de entidades de saúde referenciais de Porto Alegre, o Secretário Adjunto da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre, dois ex Secretários Estaduais da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, um ex Secretário Nacional da Saúde, o diretor presidente da Federação dos Hospitais do Rio Grande do Sul, o diretor presidente do Sindicato dos Hospitais e Clínicas de Porto Alegre, o superintendente de uma operadora de saúde complementar, três representantes da cadeia de suprimentos de saúde, e um representante de serviços de imagem e diagnóstico. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado, direcionado para cada categoria de entrevistado, contemplando questões referentes ao ambiente regulatório no segmento de saúde, as implicações da sustentabilidade para diferentes entidades, as estratégias adotadas no setor, as pressões exercidas pelas forças que governam a competição no ambiente da saúde, e elementos referentes a proposição de valor nos serviços médicos. As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas, procedendo-se a análise de conteúdo, como método de análise e interpretação dos dados coletados. Os resultados indicam a adoção de estratégias empresariais distintas por parte das entidades pesquisadas, cabendo ressaltar: a cooperação como uma orientação estratégica predominante, a proposição de valor como forma de posicionamento, horizontalização das entidades de saúde e foco em especialidades de alta complexidade. O ambiente regulatório do setor, assim como localização geográfica e porte organizacional são apresentados como elementos que condicionam o teor das respostas das entidades hospitalares pesquisadas. / In a globalized business environment, wich is constantly changing, hospitals organizations have been evolving and adapting to the demands imposed on them, either by the government, through public health policies or by the market, through the natural pressure for efficiency and effectiveness, and the pursuit of economic sustainability. When approaching the theme of competitive dynamics in the health section within the philanthropic hospital organizations from the city of Porto Alegre, the present study investigates the transformation and strategic movements that occur in the institutions. The financial difficulties faced by most Brazilian philanthropic hospital health care organizations, which are those with a special tax exemption, have been raising concerns of political and social order and has become, in recent years, one of the biggest challenges faced by the entities already mentioned. The choice of the theme is justified by the fact that the health sector has capital importance, for any society's welfare, not only by the nature of its operations, but also for fostering scientific and technological development. The aim of this study consisted in answering the following question: what are the competitive dynamics that are currently displayed in the environment of the philanthropic health instutions in Porto Alegre? The chosen method had a qualitative character from an exploratory case study. In order to do this, six directors of health care reference entities from Porto Alegre were interviewed, the Secretary of Health of city, two former Secretaries of Health of Rio Grande do Sul, a former National Secretary of Health, two directors of professional associations, the superintendent of an operator of health security plan, three representatives of the supply chain health, and a representative of imaging services and diagnosis. It was applied a semi-structured questionnaire, directed to each category of respondent, covering issues like the regulatory environment in the healthcare segment, the implications of sustainability for different entities, the strategies adopted in the sector, the pressures imposed by the forces that govern the competition, and elements regarding the value proposition to medical services. The interviews were taped and transcribed, and proceed to content analysis, as analysis method and data interpretation. The results indicate the adoption of distinguished strategies by the surveyed entities, highlighting the cooperation as prevailing strategic orientation, the value proposition as a way of positioning, horizontalization of the health institutions and focus on high complexity specialties. The regulatory environment of the sector, as well as its geographical localization and organizational vessel are presented as elements that subject the contents of the surveyed hospital entities' answers.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-08-31T14:52:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 trento.pdf: 349792 bytes, checksum: 4458108b507b516de0a6dadd4e324eed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-31T14:52:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 trento.pdf: 349792 bytes, checksum: 4458108b507b516de0a6dadd4e324eed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Nenhuma / Este estudo analisa como empresas fabricantes de produtos e serviços de tecnologia identificam, avaliam e gerenciam oportunidades de agregação de valor. Foram investigadas dez fornecedoras de produtos e serviços de tecnologia. Os achados indicam que a identificação de oportunidades requer que os fornecedores desenvolvam relacionamentos e contatos em diferentes níveis com o cliente. Esses relacionamentos objetivam identificar oportunidades de agregação de valor, remover barreiras à compra, fundamentar ofertas de preços, aprimorar propostas comerciais, e conhecer os movimentos e inovações da concorrência. Problemas técnicos ou comerciais ocorridos no passado podem influenciar negativamente na futura identificação de oportunidades de criação de valor entre as partes. Os fornecedores avaliam a viabilidade de exploração de uma oportunidade de agregação de valor junto a seus clientes a partir da consideração conjunta de aspectos técnicos, operacionais, mercadológicos (internos e externos) e estratégicos. O posicionamento final do fornecedor acerca da exploração da oportunidade de agregação de valor é determinado pela análise estratégica da oportunidade. Essa análise define se o fornecedor desenvolverá soluções inovadoras e menos sensíveis à guerra de preços para ampliar margens, ou aprimorará soluções existentes com o intuito de aumentar a competitividade dessas, ou, então, se o fornecedor deixará a oportunidade para seus concorrentes. O gerenciamento das oportunidades de agregação de valor requer que as empresas identifiquem os benefícios que a solução agrega ao cliente. Esses benefícios são quantificados de forma a subsidiar a definição das proposições de valor a serem, posteriormente, apresentadas aos clientes. Este estudo analisa como empresas fabricantes de produtos e serviços de tecnologia identificam, avaliam e gerenciam oportunidades de agregação de valor. Foram investigadas dez fornecedoras de produtos e serviços de tecnologia. Os achados indicam que a identificação de oportunidades requer que os fornecedores desenvolvam relacionamentos e contatos em diferentes níveis com o cliente. Esses relacionamentos objetivam identificar oportunidades de agregação de valor, remover barreiras à compra, fundamentar ofertas de preços, aprimorar propostas comerciais, e conhecer os movimentos e inovações da concorrência. Problemas técnicos ou comerciais ocorridos no passado podem influenciar negativamente na futura identificação de oportunidades de criação de valor entre as partes. Os fornecedores avaliam a viabilidade de exploração de uma oportunidade de agregação de valor junto a seus clientes a partir da consideração conjunta de aspectos técnicos, operacionais, mercadológicos (internos e externos) e estratégicos. O posicionamento final do fornecedor acerca da exploração da oportunidade de agregação de valor é determinado pela análise estratégica da oportunidade. Essa análise define se o fornecedor desenvolverá soluções inovadoras e menos sensíveis à guerra de preços para ampliar margens, ou aprimorará soluções existentes com o intuito de aumentar a competitividade dessas, ou, então, se o fornecedor deixará a oportunidade para seus concorrentes. O gerenciamento das oportunidades de agregação de valor requer que as empresas identifiquem os benefícios que a solução agrega ao cliente. Esses benefícios são quantificados de forma a subsidiar a definição das proposições de valor a serem, posteriormente, apresentadas aos clientes. / This paper analyzes how product manufacturers and technology service providers identify, evaluate, and manage value-added opportunities. The study looks into ten product manufacturers and technology service providers. The findings indicate that the identification of opportunities requires that the suppliers develop customer relationships and contacts at different levels. The purpose of such relationships is to identify value-added opportunities, remove barriers to buying, make price offers, improve business propositions, and get to know the competitors’ moves and innovation initiatives. Past technical and business issues may adversely influence the future identification of opportunities of co-creation of value between the parties. The suppliers evaluate the feasibility of exploring a value-added opportunity with their customers by means of a joint consideration of technical, operational, marketing (internal and external) and strategic aspects. The suppliers make their final decision whether or not to explore value-added opportunities based on a strategic analysis of the opportunity. The analysis defines whether the supplier will develop innovative solutions that are less sensitive to the price wars to increase their margins, improve the existing solutions in order to enhance their competitiveness, or leave the opportunity to their competitors. The management of value-added opportunities requires that the companies identify the benefits that the solution adds to the customer. Those benefits are quantified so as to subsidize the definition of proposed values that will then be presented to the customers.

Cette thèse a pour objet la proposition relative dans les textes littéraires du Moyen Âge français. Partant de l’hypothèse que ses emplois, en particulier dans la chanson de geste où elle apparaît comme formule, sont subordonnés, dans une certaine mesure du moins, au contexte situationnel de l’énonciation in praesentia (ou la profération) des textes au cours de la période médiévale, nous observons ses autres emplois, dans d’autres genres également, pour éprouver l’utilité de l’approche pragmatico-énonciative appliquée à des problèmes d’ordre essentiellement syntaxique. Le résultat principal de cette étude est d’avoir montré que la combinaison de l’approche pragmatico-énonciative avec l’approche sémantico-syntaxique traditionnelle est susceptible d’apporter des éclaircissements importants sur les formes et le fonctionnement de constructions syntaxiques qui n’ont apparemment pas trait à des faits discursifs et qui se situent dans un état de langue ancien. / This thesis has as its subject the relative clause in the literary texts of the French Middle Ages. Setting forth from the hypothesis that the clause’s uses, in particular in the chanson de geste where it appears as formula, are subordinated, at least to a certain degree, to the situational context of enunciation in praesentia (or of vocalisation) of the texts during the medieval period, we examine its other uses, in other genres as well, in order to test the usefulness of the pragmatic-enunciative approach when applied to issues that are essentially syntactic. As main outcome of this investigation we proved that combining the pragmatic-enunciative approach with the semantic-syntactic one could lead to important clarifications regarding form and functioning of syntactic constructions which have no apparent relation to discursive factors and pertain to an older state of language.

Cette thèse étudie la syntaxe et la typologie des propositions relatives en arménien parlé. Elle propose une analyse syntaxique et une classification des stratégies de relativisation disponibles en arménien, dans le cadre des approches théoriques et typologiques existantes de la relativisation, ainsi qu’à identifier les facteurs décisifs pour le choix des différentes stratégies. Chaque stratégie ayant des équivalents dans d'autres langues de la région, le contact linguistique peut influencer leur choix. Il est également probable que le rôle de l'élément relativisé dans la proposition relative soit pertinent pour le choix de la stratégie. En particulier, les données présentées dans de précédentes études sur l'arménien suggèrent que la distribution des relatives participiales peut constituer une violation de la hiérarchie d'accessibilité de la relativisation si elle est envisagée comme opérant directement en termes de fonctions grammaticales syntaxiques. L’étude se concentre sur les parlers de diverses régions d’Arménie. Les propositions relatives ont été saisies dans une base de données d’environ 2000 exemples avec des filtres portant sur les paramètres pertinents.Les résultats montrent que l’accessibilité à la relativisation est déterminée par la saillance liée aux rôles sémantiques (affectivité) et pragmatiques (thematicité) et par de fréquents modèles d’association rôle-référence plutôt que directement par des fonctions grammaticales syntaxiques. Ceci fournit une explication cohérente des violations apparentes de la hiérarchie d'accessibilité trouvées en arménien, ainsi que d'autres phénomènes qui se sont révélés problématiques pour les interprétations de l'accessibilité à la relativisation basées directement sur la structure syntaxique. / This thesis presents a study of the syntax and typology of relative clauses in colloquial Armenian. It proposes a syntactic analysis and classification of the relativization strategies available in Armenian within the framework of existing syntactic theoretical and typological proposals concerning relative clauses, and to identify the decisive factors associated with the distribution of these different strategies. As each of the available strategies is paralleled in other languages of the area, it is possible that language contact will have an impact on the choice of strategy. There is also evidence that the role of the relativized element in the relative clause is relevant for the choice of strategy; in particular, evidence presented in previous studies of Armenian suggests that the distribution of participial RCs may violate the Relativization Accessibility Hierarchy if this is envisaged as operating directly in terms of syntactic grammatical relations.The study is mainly based on data from sound recordings of native speaker consultants from various areas of Armenia, both spontaneous speech and responses to stimuli designed to elicit relative clauses with particular properties that have been proposed to affect the choice of relativization strategy. The relative clauses are entered into a database with filters for relevant features, which contains approximately 2000 examples. The results show that accessibility to relativization is determined by semantic (affectedness) and pragmatic (topicality) role prominence, and by frequent role-reference association patterns, rather than directly by syntactic grammatical relations. This provides a coherent explanation of the apparent Accessibility Hierarchy violations found in Armenian, as well as other phenomena that have proved problematic for syntactic structure-based interpretations of accessibility to relativization.

Since the passing of Proposition 47 in California in 2014, drug court programs across the state have invariably undergone changes. In my thesis, I evaluate the drug court programs of three counties in Southern California: Orange County, Los Angeles County, and Riverside County. Through a qualitative analysis of the drug court programs in these counties, via interviews, data collection, and courtroom observation, I provide insight into the functionality of each county's program, as well as an analysis of the effects of Proposition 47. This paper aims to address the key factors involved in maintaining a functional and successful drug court system.