Master Thesis Proposal Institute of Political Studies Faculty of Social Sciences Charles University of Prague Supervisor: Bela Plechanovova E-mail: bela.plechanovova@fsv.cuni.cz Phone: Defense date: Author: Tala Salem E-mail: talena1703@gmail.com Phone: +420776100311 Specialization: MAIN THESIS TOPIC: HONOR KILLING OF PALESTINIAN WOMEN - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION: In my research, I'll be studying the reasons and motives that lead to honor killings in Palestine. Such acts are carried out against women whose actions are deemed unacceptable or outright taboo by the general community, or maybe by just the family members.The work shall be looking at whether honor killings are strongly correlated to social and religious reasons. As well as this, I'll also be studying what countermeasures the women can possibly take up from their end to face this issue, and also how the judicial system deals with honor killings. Research question: What are the underlying motives for honor killings in the Palestinian communities? How can we hope to find a solution to this atrocity? Literature survey: A) Scholarly: Some of the major sources I shall be utilizing for my thesis work are mentioned underneath. These works certainly assist in laying some solid groundwork to the overall topic being discussed here....

La Révolution Islamique de 1979 met fin à la monarchie constitutionnelle puis au ministère public en tentant de remédier aux difficultés récurrentes rencontrées par le système judiciaire depuis le début du siècle. Les institutions, furent complètement remaniées, dans l’intérêt du nouveau régime et afin de mettre en place, en rénovant le lien historique entre religions et institutions, une version politisée de l’Islam. Les révolutionnaires, insuffisamment préparés, manquant d’expérience et de connaissances, constatèrent l’échec des nouvelles politiques en matière judiciaire. Le ministère public était indispensable à l’exécution des missions régaliennes de maintien de la sécurité intérieure et de l’ordre public ainsi qu’au fonctionnement de la justice. Cette institution, présente sous des formes archaïques depuis l’antiquité et modernisée lors de la Révolution Constitutionnelle du début du XXème siècle, fut rétablie en 2002. / The Islamic Revolution of 1979 broke up the constitutional monarchy then disbanded the public prosecution institution to make an attempt to solve the chronic issues encountered by the judicial system since the beginning of the century. The institutional system was entirely overhauled, in the interest of the new system and in the purpose to establish a new model integrating the historical link between religion and institutions with a political kind of Islam. The revolutionaries, barely prepared, lacking of experience and knowledge, noticed the failure of the new judicial politics. The public prosecution was essential to the fulfillment of the regalian functions, including the maintenance of public order and domestic security, along with the functioning of justice. This institution, existing under varied shapes since antiquity and modernized in the beginning of the century with the constitutional Revolution, has been restored in 2002.

During the 1990s Yugoslavia and Rwanda were swept by wars accompanied by serious violations of international humanitarian law. Grave and severe crimes wiped away lives and destroyed properties. The United Nations Security Council determined that the violations committed constituted threats to international peace and security, declaring itself empowered to take action. It established international ad hoc criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda with the mandate of prosecuting individuals responsible for those crimes as an enforcement measure under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Investigating the tribunals’ effectiveness enables one to assess whether they achieved the anticipated outcomes based on the tribunals’ mission, goals, and objectives without creating other problems. The research relies on naturalism and positivism to put the tribunals in a moral and ethical perspective. By examining how the tribunals were established, their objectives, the investigation and prosecution processes, the reliance on guilty plea and judicial notice and the imputation of criminal responsibility by applying joint criminal enterprise and command responsibility doctrines; the study argues that prosecution has not been an effective tool as contemplated by the Security Council. An analytical and comparative review of various domestic and international legal resources helped to provide an insightful approach for an effective prosecution of international crimes. Credible, legitimate and legal judicial institutions in which professional judges and prosecutors discharge their function independently, impartially and are accountable may achieve justice for the victims of international crimes. Ad hoc tribunals failed to thoroughly investigate and assume the dual role of prosecution. They conveniently used legal procedural tools that fit petty domestic crimes; unfortunately demeaning the magnitude of international crimes of concern. Criminal responsibility was mostly imputed without properly scrutinising the legality, extent, actual participation and guilty mind of the alleged perpetrators. Effectiveness should be a value assessment. Imposed and overburdened ad hoc tribunals are inappropriate and should be abandoned. / Public, Constitutional, & International / LLD

This research assessed the criminological significance of motor vehicle crash data within the criminal justice context. The study was conducted at the southern region Accident Bureau of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department (EMPD). The objectives of this research are to: a. Explore and describe the extent and criminological impact of road traffic crashes on a macro level. b. Explore and describe the impact of road traffic crashes on a micro level. c. Explain the criminological significance of road traffic crash data in relation to effective road safety management. d. Evaluate and describe the attendance and recording procedure of road crashes. e. Evaluate and describe the supervisor’s responsibility in relation to the quality of crash data recorded. f. Evaluate and describe the effectiveness of crash statistics accessed by management and/or officials. g. Evaluate and explain the current prosecution procedure as part of the CJS. h. Evaluate existing policy about the crash-recording process applicable to operational law enforcement practitioners of the EMPD. i. Explore and describe the current state of motor vehicle insurance and its necessity from a criminological perspective. The researcher followed a mixed-methods approach, collecting quantitative data from recorded Accident Report Forms and qualitative data from interviews with participants active in their fields of expertise. Road crashes are characterised by injury and damage; victims suffer trauma and economic consequences, and the society and the economy as a whole are affected. The research suggests that accurate road crash data form a crucial component in the investigation, prosecution and development of road safety strategies in the quest towards improved road safety efforts. It also indicates that existing crash data are of such a sub-standard that traffic professionals will not be able to develop effective and efficient road safety strategies in pursuit of road safety / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

Chovanec, Š. Criminal proceedings against legal entities Criminal proceedings against legal entities represent a significant innovation for Czech criminal procedure law. Adoption of Act nř 418/2011, about Criminal liability of legal entities and criminal proceedings against them, is considered as acceptance of the world's phenomenon of enactment of the institute of Criminal liability of legal entities. The lawmaker had chosen a special regulation for criminal proceedings against legal entities which however does not describe the issues solely. So the Penal Code is considered subsidiary applicable regardless it does regulate criminal proceedings against a natural person. The author of this text deals with risks and potential problems connected to this construct. The author of this text describes selected aspects of criminal proceedings against legal entities from its beginning to the enforcement proceeding.

O intenso processo de urbanização da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo na segunda metade do século XX foi diretamente influenciado pela propriedade privada e pela legislação urbanística. Enquanto as classes dominantes logravam influir sobre a legislação e sobre o direcionamento dos investimentos estatais em infra-estrutura em seu favor, restou às classes dominadas ocupar áreas invadidas ou se instalar em loteamentos de periferia, muitos em áreas de proteção ambiental. A legislação de proteção aos mananciais, editada nos anos setenta, procurou ordenar a ocupação destas áreas, porém é justamente lá que tem ocorrido o maior crescimento da região. A falta de eficácia da norma e a necessidade de garantir o abastecimento de água tornaram necessária a revisão da legislação, objetivando a composição do conflito entre direito à moradia e direito ao meio ambiente, que não devem ser vistos como antagônicos, e sim como conciliáveis. É necessária a implantação de políticas públicas de regularização fundiária sustentável, capazes de garantir a segurança da posse sem provocar danos ambientais. Incumbe à União, Estados e Municípios adotar medidas para possibilitar a regularização fundiária. A regularização administrativa de loteamentos pode ser promovida pelo Município, ainda que com prejuízo a seus padrões urbanísticos. O usucapião especial urbano, individual ou coletivo, permite a regularização fundiária de ocupações em áreas particulares. Nas áreas públicas, a regularização poderá se dar através da concessão especial de uso para fins de moradia, que também poderá ser individual ou coletiva. Caso seja necessária a remoção da população, deverá ser assegurado o exercício do direito à moradia em outro local. Poderá, ainda, ser celebrado termo de ajustamento de conduta perante o Ministério Público, atribuindo-se obrigações a todos os envolvidos na implantação do loteamento, com previsão de penalidade para o caso de descumprimento. A presente dissertação analisa essas questões por meio do estudo de casos inquéritos civis, ações civis públicas e julgados de quatro municípios da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O estudo de casos demonstra que houve muitas falhas do poder público no processo pelo qual a implantação das ocupações nas áreas de proteção aos mananciais ocorreu, contudo, mostra também que, quando todos os responsáveis se interessam, é possível encontrar soluções criativas e viáveis para os problemas. / The intense process of urban development in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo on the second half of the XX Century was directly influenced by private property and urban law. While the upper classes succeeded in influencing urban law and the direction of state investments in infra-structure in their favour, the lower classes had to occupy public and private land or suburban subdivisions, most of which in areas of environmental protection. Watersprings protection laws, issued in the seventies, aimed at organizing the occupation of these areas, however it is exactly there that the area has grown most. The lack of efficacy of the law and the need to ensure the water supply created the need to review the laws, targeting conflict resolution between housing rights and the right to environment, which should not be seen as antagonistic, since they can be conciliated. It is necessary to promote sustainable land tenure regularization programmes, able to ensure the security of land tenure without environmental damages. The Union, the States and the Municipalities must adopt measures to attain this goal. The administrative regularization of subdivisions may be promoted by Municipalities, though with losses to its urban patterns. The special urban usucapiao (adverse possession), individual or collective allows the regularization of private areas. In public areas, regularization may occur through the concession of the real right of use, which can also be individual or collective. If the removal of the occupiers is necessary, housing rights should be ensured somewhere else. It is also possible to celebrate a conduct adjustment agreement with the Prosecution, in which obligations will be granted to all parties related to the subdivision, including sanctions fines in the case of noncompliance. The current dissertation analyses these matters through the case study of investigations, law suit and judicial decisions from four cities in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo. The case study shows that authorities made many mistakes during the process of occupation of the watersprings protection areas, however it also shows that, when all parties are involved, creative and viable solutions for the problems can be found.

During the 1990s Yugoslavia and Rwanda were swept by wars accompanied by serious violations of international humanitarian law. Grave and severe crimes wiped away lives and destroyed properties. The United Nations Security Council determined that the violations committed constituted threats to international peace and security, declaring itself empowered to take action. It established international ad hoc criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda with the mandate of prosecuting individuals responsible for those crimes as an enforcement measure under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Investigating the tribunals’ effectiveness enables one to assess whether they achieved the anticipated outcomes based on the tribunals’ mission, goals, and objectives without creating other problems. The research relies on naturalism and positivism to put the tribunals in a moral and ethical perspective. By examining how the tribunals were established, their objectives, the investigation and prosecution processes, the reliance on guilty plea and judicial notice and the imputation of criminal responsibility by applying joint criminal enterprise and command responsibility doctrines; the study argues that prosecution has not been an effective tool as contemplated by the Security Council. An analytical and comparative review of various domestic and international legal resources helped to provide an insightful approach for an effective prosecution of international crimes. Credible, legitimate and legal judicial institutions in which professional judges and prosecutors discharge their function independently, impartially and are accountable may achieve justice for the victims of international crimes. Ad hoc tribunals failed to thoroughly investigate and assume the dual role of prosecution. They conveniently used legal procedural tools that fit petty domestic crimes; unfortunately demeaning the magnitude of international crimes of concern. Criminal responsibility was mostly imputed without properly scrutinising the legality, extent, actual participation and guilty mind of the alleged perpetrators. Effectiveness should be a value assessment. Imposed and overburdened ad hoc tribunals are inappropriate and should be abandoned. / Public, Constitutional, and International / LL. D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Jose Gomes Correa.pdf: 623933 bytes, checksum: 351b854c38a20bd38872ed276a8f4cd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-20 / The present dissertation is intended to examine, from its beginnings, the concept of Constitution and to demonstrate its double significance, political and legal, as well as the means used to guarantee the prevalence of the Constitution in European and North American traditions. The vicissitudes of the defence of the Constitution in Brazil, the broad outlines of organisation and operation of the Judiciary - which, starting from the establishment of the Republican regime in Brazil, had a duty to analyse legislation by contrasting it with the Constitution, thereby confirming its validity - and the role of the Brazilian Public Prosecution Service as an active defender of the Constitution, are also examined. The dissertation confronts the issue of the judicialisation of politics and hopes to demonstrate that the increase in social, cultural and economical rights, in peripheral countries such as Brazil, compels the legal system to enter into contact with conflicts generated in other social systems (economy, health, education, religion, sport etc), the Public Prosecution Service being an important channel - at the same time as introducing discussions about social, cultural and economical rights - for the preservation of the judicial system code (lawful/unlawful) and its self-generating, or "autopoiético", character to keep the centre of the judicial system free of spurious interference from the other social systems / A presente dissertação destina-se a historiar o conceito de Constituição desde seus primórdios e demonstrar seu duplo significado, político e jurídico, bem como os meios utilizados para garantir a prevalência da Constituição nas tradições européia e norte-americana. As vicissitudes da defesa da Constituição no Brasil, as grandes linhas de organização e atuação do Poder Judiciário que, a partir da instauração do regime republicano no Brasil, teve a missão de analisar a legislação em contraste com a Constituição e verificar sua validade e o papel do Ministério Público brasileiro como defensor ativo da Constituição são também dissecadas. A dissertação enfrenta o tema da judicialização da política e pretende demonstrar que o incremento dos direitos sociais, culturais e econômicos em países periféricos como o Brasil força o sistema jurídico a entrar em contato com conflitos gerados em outros sistemas sociais (economia, saúde, educação, religião, esporte etc), sendo o Ministério Público um importante canal para, ao mesmo tempo em que introduz as discussões sobre direitos sociais, culturais e econômicos, preservar o código do sistema jurídico (lícito/ilícito) e manter o caráter autopoiético desse sistema, mantendo o centro do sistema jurídico livre de interferências espúrias dos demais sistemas sociais

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-15T12:21:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Samuel Alvarenga Gonçalves.pdf: 1661878 bytes, checksum: 769affec881a4b377e17c53a1b145e94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T12:21:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samuel Alvarenga Gonçalves.pdf: 1661878 bytes, checksum: 769affec881a4b377e17c53a1b145e94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-25 / The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate some shortcomings and deficiencies involving the Brazilian procedural system of compliance and enforcement of judgments handed down in class actions that establish certain obligations to do before the Public Authorities, especially those dealing with the implementation of policies through the realization of diverse social rights. Moreover, it also intends to present some critical considerations about the ineffectiveness of some judicial measures that are traditionally applied in the face of the Executive Branch for the fulfillment of the order, which represents an authentic crisis of collective judicial protection. The premature and disorganized activation of the Judiciary by the various entities legitimized in the collective tutelage weakens the system of delivery of social rights foreseen in the Constitution. It is necessary the formal and pragmatic knowledge of the administrative activity to work on the public policy issue in the area of access to Justice. In fact, the political-administrative world is the area where the Executive Branch carries out its final activities in accordance with the constitutional panel provided for in the Charter of 1988. However, this political-administrative world has very peculiar specificities that end up representing (albeit involuntarily) authentic shields to the jurisdictional invests emanating from the legal world. Therefore, the Law operator must have the sensitivity to realize that sometimes there will be a real administrative encapsulation of the public entity, culminating in constitutional ditches in terms of non-implementation of the social rights envisaged. In the end, as one of the possible solutions to the procedural crisis in complying with complex sentences in the face of the public manager, who is either weak or unfit, this paper intends to suggest its removal due to the application of what we call breach of trust in the mandate theory, a differentiated kind of subrogation applicable to the collective process. In closing to this dissertation, it is to be concluded that there is still a marked legislative and jurisprudential lacuna to address the issue involving the resistance of the Brazilian public manager to comply with sentences handed down in collective actions / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo investigar algumas deficiências e carências envolvendo o sistema processual brasileiro de cumprimento e efetivação de sentenças proferidas em sede de ações civis públicas que fixam certas obrigações de fazer em face do Poder Público, notadamente as que versam sobre a implantação de políticas públicas mediante a concretização de direitos sociais diversos. Mais que isso, tem igualmente a pretensão de apresentar algumas ponderações críticas sobre a inefetividade de algumas medidas judiciais que, tradicionalmente, são aplicadas contra o Poder Executivo para o cumprimento da ordem, o que representa uma autêntica crise da tutela jurisdicional coletiva. O acionamento prematuro e desorganizado do Judiciário pelos vários entes legitimados na tutela coletiva igualmente fragiliza o sistema de entrega de direitos sociais previstos na Constituição. É necessário o conhecimento formal e pragmático da atividade administrativa para trabalharmos o tema das políticas públicas no plano do acesso à Justiça. De fato, o mundo político-administrativo é a seara onde o Poder Executivo exerce suas atividades-fim de acordo com o painel constitucional previsto no Lei Maior de 1988. Contudo, esse mundo político-administrativo possui especificidades extremamente peculiares que acabam por representar (ainda que involuntariamente) autênticas blindagens às investidas jurisdicionais emanadas do mundo jurídico. Por isso, o operador do Direito deve ter a sensibilidade de perceber que, por vezes, haverá um verdadeiro encastelamento administrativo do ente público, culminando em fossos constitucionais em termos de não-implantação dos direitos sociais previstos. Ao final, como uma das possíveis soluções à crise processual no cumprimento de sentenças materialmente complexas em face do gestor omisso, resistente ou inapto, este trabalho se propôs a sugerir o seu afastamento em razão da aplicação ao que denominamos de teoria da quebra da confiança no mandato, uma espécie diferenciada de sub-rogação aplicável ao processo coletivo. Em fecho a esta dissertação, é de se concluir que ainda persiste acentuada lacuna legislativa e jurisprudencial para tratar do tema envolvendo a resistência do gestor público brasileiro no cumprimento de sentenças proferidas em ações coletivas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Gonzales Barreto.pdf: 756406 bytes, checksum: 4eb2872513cee7c67a2cffe9227dcd75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-17 / This master thesis has as purpose, given the current importance of tax collection in the national scenario, to analyze how this institute is tutored in Brazil by the criminal law and procedural criminal law. Thus, aiming at reaching this object, it was primarily performed a study of the history and characteristics of the Democratic Rule-Of-Law State, adopted in the Federal Constitution of 1988, of its supporting pillars, namely, the sovereignty, citizenship and the dignity of the human person and also the constitutional principles that guide the punitive power of the State. Thereafter, in an analysis on the advance of global criminality, which has as main figure the Economic Criminal Law, it was found that under the pretext of combating it, the society started to clamor for a more punitive State, which, consequently, leaded in certain moments to a reduction of the individual rights and guarantees. In Brazil, this reflex could be seen in the tax crimes, when the Judiciary allowed, as a manner of combating the tax criminality, the use of generic denounces. Still based on the purpose of this work, it is important to emphasize that the protection given by the Federal Constitution to the tax order about Brazil, which, in thesis would justify the application of the criminal and procedural criminal tutelage over this institute. To that end, a complete approach on the typical figures and the criminal procedure of the tax crimes provided in Law No. 8.137/90 is performed, and how these crimes are treated in countries like Portugal and Spain, which have a historic and cultural connection with Brazil. Finally, in spite of the Brazilian legislator using the criminal tutelage in the protection of the tax order, it is also verified that the great objective of the State in the criminal tax area is to ensure the tax collection. That premise may be proven before the history of laws that allowed, and still allow, the suspension or extinction of the punitive claim before the tax payment in installments or payment of the tax debt, respectively, which raises the discussion on the real necessity of criminalization of tax torts / A presente dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo, diante da atual importância da arrecadação tributária no cenário nacional, analisar como este instituto é tutelado no Brasil pelo direito penal e processual penal. Assim, visando alcançar este objetivo, primeiramente realizou-se um estudo da história e das características do Estado Democrático de Direito, adotado na Constituição Federal de 1988, de seus pilares de sustentação, quais sejam, a soberania, cidadania e a dignidade da pessoa humana e também dos princípios constitucionais orientadores do poder punitivo do Estado. Em seguida, numa análise sobre o avanço da criminalidade global, que tem como figura principal, o Direito Penal Econômico, constatou-se que, sob o pretexto de combatê-la, a sociedade passou a clamar por um Estado mais punitivo, que, consequentemente, levou em determinados momentos a uma diminuição dos direitos e garantias individuais. No Brasil, este reflexo pôde ser visto nos crimes tributários, quando foram permitidas pelo Poder Judiciário, como forma de combater a criminalidade tributária, a utilização de denúncias genéricas. Ainda com base no objeto deste trabalho, destaca-se a proteção que a Constituição Federal destina a ordem tributária sobre Brasil, que, em tese justificaria a aplicação da tutela penal e processual penal sobre este instituto. Para tanto, é realizado um estudo completo a respeito das figuras típicas e ao processo penal dos delitos tributários previstos na Lei nº 8.137/90, e como estes crimes são tratados em países como Portugal e Espanha, que mantém uma ligação histórica e cultural com o Brasil. Por fim, em que pese o legislador brasileiro utilizar a tutela penal na proteção da ordem tributária, verifica-se também que o grande objetivo do Estado na seara penal tributária é garantir a arrecadação tributária. Esta premissa pode ser comprovada diante do histórico de leis que permitiram e, ainda permitem, a suspensão ou extinção da pretensão punitiva mediante o parcelamento ou pagamento do débito tributário, respectivamente, o que suscita a discussão acerca da real necessidade de criminalização dos ilícitos tributários