Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-10T13:40:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VeruscaNajaradeCarvalhoCunhaTese2015.pdf: 1703847 bytes, checksum: a9661f4b3c0b28fe801235efd03b727c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-10T13:40:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VeruscaNajaradeCarvalhoCunhaTese2015.pdf: 1703847 bytes, checksum: a9661f4b3c0b28fe801235efd03b727c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T13:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VeruscaNajaradeCarvalhoCunhaTese2015.pdf: 1703847 bytes, checksum: a9661f4b3c0b28fe801235efd03b727c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-14 / Telomeres are composed of complex deoxyribonucleic acid and proteins located at the ends of chromosomes, formed by a short sequence of nitrogenous bases (5'-TTAGGGn -3 ') repeated several times. Are connected to a multiprotein complex called "shelterin" consists of six proteins (TRF1, TRF2, POT1, TIN2, RAP1 and TPP1) which maintains telomere homeostasis, preventing degradation. Telomeres are affected by the DNA polymerase inability fully replicate the tape 5' end of the chromosome. The results of such failure are successors shortenings with each cell division, which leads to extremely short telomeres at the end of cell division, resulting in cell senescence. Therefore telomeres are considered a potential biomarker of aging at the cellular level. The shortening of telomeres has been associated with an increased risk of developing age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and obesity. In contrast, it is believed that physical exercise can attenuate the shortening rate of telomeres, even in the elderly. However, it is possible that there is a 'dose' ideal of physical exercise that can enhance this beneficial effect. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of aerobic training intensity swimming conducted in two intensity domains (high and low) on the expression of genes encoding the protective telomeric proteins (trf1 and trf2), associated proteins cellular senescence (p53 and Chek2), in addition to measuring telomere length in gastrocnemius and myocardium old mice. Sixteen animals were divided into four groups: two groups submitted to twelve weeks of physical training of swimming at low intensity (BI) and high intensity (AI) and two who remained sedentary for the same period, with a group of young animals (CONTj) and elderly animals (CONTi). Training consisted of swimming exercise three times a week, 20 minutes per session for the group AI and 40 minutes for BI with load corresponding to 3% body weight (%PC) (BI) and 6%PC (AI). An incremental test for functional evaluation was performed every four weeks to measure the maximum load (Gm??x). After the training period, animals were sacrificed for removal of tissue samples for analysis of genes expression related to telomeres. The results suggest that high intensity exercise is "teloprotetor" in the gastrocnemius tissue, since telomere length of the elderly animals did not differ from each other, however, the animals in this group (AI) had a lower expression of genes of proteins protective (trf1 and trf2) and cellular senescence (p53). These results suggest that the intensity at which the exercise is performed interfere with telomere length and that this response is tissue dependent, since the same results were not observed in cardiac tissue of animals. / Tel??meros s??o complexos compostos por ??cido desoxirribonucleico e prote??nas, localizados nas extremidades dos cromossomos, formados por uma pequena sequ??ncia de bases nitrogenadas (5???-TTAGGGn -3???) repetida diversas vezes. Encontram-se ligados a um complexo multiprot??ico denominado ???shelterin??? composto por seis prote??nas (TRF1, TRF2, POT1, TIN2, RAP1 e TPP1) que mant??m a homeostase telom??rica, prevenindo sua degrada????o. Os tel??meros s??o afetados pela incapacidade da DNA polimerase replicar completamente o final da fita 5??? do cromossomo. Os resultados de tal falha s??o sucess??veis encurtamentos a cada divis??o celular, o que leva ?? tel??meros extremamente curtos ao t??rmino das divis??es celulares, resultando na senesc??ncia celular. Sendo assim, considerados um potencial biomarcador do envelhecimento a n??vel celular. O encurtamento dos tel??meros tem sido associado a um maior risco de desenvolvimento de doen??as associadas ao envelhecimento, tais como, diabetes mellitus, doen??as cardiovasculares e obesidade. Em contrapartida, acredita-se que o exerc??cio f??sico possa atenuar a taxa de encurtamento dos tel??meros, mesmo em indiv??duos idosos. Contudo, ?? poss??vel que exista uma ???dose??? ideal de exerc??cio f??sico que possa potencializar este efeito ben??fico. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar e comparar os efeitos do treinamento aer??bio de nata????o realizado em dois dom??nios de intensidade (alta e baixa) sobre a express??o dos genes que codificam as prote??nas de prote????o telom??rica (trf1 e trf2), prote??nas associadas ?? senesc??ncia celular (p53 e Chek2), al??m de mensurar o comprimento do tel??mero no gastrocn??mio e no mioc??rdio de camundongos idosos. Dezesseis animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: dois grupos submetidos a doze semanas de treinamento f??sico de nata????o em baixa intensidade (BI) ou alta intensidade (AI) e dois que permaneceram sedent??rios pelo mesmo per??odo, sendo um grupo de animais jovens (CONTj) e um de animais idosos (CONTi). O treinamento consistiu do exerc??cio de nata????o, tr??s vezes por semana, 20 minutos por sess??o para o grupo AI e 40 minutos para o BI, com carga correspondente a 3% do peso corporal (%PC) (BI) e 6%PC (AI). Um teste incremental para avalia????o funcional fora realizado a cada quatro semanas para mensura????o da carga m??xima (Gm??x). Ap??s o t??rmino do per??odo de treinamento, os animais foram sacrificados para retirada de amostras de tecido para an??lise da express??o dos genes relacionados aos tel??meros. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o exerc??cio de alta intensidade seja ???teloprotetor??? no tecido gastrocn??mio, uma vez que o comprimento do tel??mero dos animais idosos n??o diferiu entre si, embora, os animais desse grupo (AI) apresentaram uma menor express??o dos genes das prote??nas protetoras (trf1 e trf2) e da senesc??ncia celular (p53). Esses resultados sugerem que a intensidade na qual o exerc??cio ?? realizado interfere no comprimento dos tel??meros e que tal resposta ?? tecido dependente, uma vez que os mesmos resultados n??o foram observados no tecido card??aco dos animais.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T17:20:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LidiaCristinaSilvaBarbosaDissertacao2016.pdf: 2461539 bytes, checksum: 754defa7f6e09b41f3fb69152cf29781 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-20T17:21:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LidiaCristinaSilvaBarbosaDissertacao2016.pdf: 2461539 bytes, checksum: 754defa7f6e09b41f3fb69152cf29781 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T17:21:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LidiaCristinaSilvaBarbosaDissertacao2016.pdf: 2461539 bytes, checksum: 754defa7f6e09b41f3fb69152cf29781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-18 / The objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of a social development program, o Servi??o de Prote????o e Atendimento Integral ??s Fam??lias (PAIF), that happens in the Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS), unit considered the gateway to the social policy assistance. The PAIF is responsible for performing actions on prevention and social promotion, working in coordination with the main cash transfer program in Brazil, the Bolsa Fam??lia Program (PBF). Therefore, this study focuses on one of the social protection structures in Brazil designed to the principles of the welfare state. Throughout this work, will be presented theoretical discussions of the welfare state and the history of the implementation of social programs in the Brazil after 1988, the democratic period. It will also be presented a research of the implementation process of public policy, considering the studies carried out on implementation evaluation of social programs and the possible influences of the professionals in this activity. To get in the objective of analyze and evaluate the implementation of the PAIF a mixed methods research was used in the CRAS units in the Federal District that offered the program. It was applied a questionnaire identifying the profile of Higher Education Professional and were interviewed four professionals that works in high social vulnerability areas of the Federal District. This research provided an assessment of the implementation of the PAIF and offers reflections for program settings and the future implementation of new programs. / O objetivo deste trabalho ?? avaliar a implanta????o de um programa de desenvolvimento social, o Servi??o de Prote????o e Atendimento Integral ??s Fam??lias (PAIF), ofertado nos Centros de Refer??ncias de Assist??ncia Social (CRAS), unidade considerada porta de entrada para a pol??tica de Assist??ncia Social. O PAIF ?? respons??vel por executar a????es de preven????o e promo????o social, trabalhando de forma articulada com o principal programa de transfer??ncia de renda do Brasil, o Programa Bolsa Fam??lia (PBF). Portanto, este estudo foca em uma das estruturas de Prote????o Social do Brasil concebida ?? luz dos princ??pios do Welfare State. Ao longo do trabalho, ser??o apresentadas as principais discuss??es te??ricas sobre o Welfare State, o hist??rico da implementa????o de programas sociais no per??odo democr??tico brasileiro ap??s 1998. Ser?? apresentado tamb??m um levantamento sobre o processo de implementa????o de pol??ticas p??blicas, considerando os estudos j?? realizados sobre avalia????o de implementa????o de programas sociais e as poss??veis influ??ncias dos profissionais nesta atividade. Para alcan??ar o objetivo de analisar e avaliar a implementa????o do PAIF, realizou-se uma pesquisa de m??todos mistos nas unidades de CRAS do Distrito Federal que executam o programa. Foi aplicado um question??rio identificando o perfil dos profissionais de N??vel Superior das unidades e foram entrevistados quatro profissionais de unidades localizadas em ??reas de grande situa????o de vulnerabilidade social no Distrito Federal. Esta pesquisa proporcionou uma avalia????o sobre a implementa????o do PAIF e contribuiu com reflex??es para ajustes do programa e na futura implementa????o de novos programas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 439157.pdf: 157425 bytes, checksum: a76b2caa7aba667fd8054572696e0806 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-21 / This work is scoped to address the environmental police power in the New Environmental Administrative Law , from the standpoint of the fundamental duty of environmental protection to good public administration. The first chapter addresses the issue of fundamental rights and duties of environmental protection, as well as environmental protection as a fundamental duty of good public administration. The second works with the police power of the environment, bringing up their characteristics and evolution in the "New Environmental Administrative Law." The third reflects on the impact of environmental principles in public administration, with emphasis on the precautionary principle. Still, it addresses the environmental police power in the sphere of jurisprudence, demonstrating how the judiciary has decided through this instrument. In this sense, it is emphasized that the principles of environmental law more specifically the principle of prevention - must be present in the core public administration, with a view that prevention should be the highest mark the completion of the New Administrative Law and Environmental inherently the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced and fundamental right to good public administration. / O presente trabalho tem como escopo abordar o poder de pol?cia ambiental no Novo Direito Administrativo Ambiental, sob o enfoque do dever fundamental da tutela ambiental ? boa Administra??o P?blica. No primeiro cap?tulo, aborda-se a quest?o dos direitos e deveres fundamentais da tutela ambiental, bem como a tutela ambiental como dever fundamental ? boa Administra??o P?blica. No segundo, trabalha-se com o poder de pol?cia ambiental, trazendo ? baila suas caracter?sticas e evolu??o no Novo Direito Administrativo Ambiental. No terceiro, reflete-se sobre a incid?ncia dos princ?pios ambientais na Administra??o P?blica, dando-se ?nfase ao princ?pio da preven??o. Ainda, aborda-se o poder de pol?cia ambiental na esfera jurisprudencial, demonstrando como o Poder Judici?rio vem decidindo por meio desse instrumento. Neste sentido, enfatiza-se que os princ?pios do Direito Ambiental mais especificamente o princ?pio da preven??o devem estar presentes no bojo da Administra??o P?blica, tendo em vista que a preven??o deve ser a marca maior da realiza??o do Novo Direito Administrativo Ambiental, como iner?ncia do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e direito fundamental ? boa Administra??o P?blica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 453109.pdf: 543581 bytes, checksum: 3deedaa23ebae8f84f2f2a97da79a3a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-20 / This paper addresses tax, environmental and economic law, more precisely the use of environmental "extrafiscality" as a possible legal-economic tool to protect an ecologically balanced environment, considering the provisions in articles 225 and 170, item VI of the Federal Constitution, which set forth that everyone is entitled to an ecologically balanced environment and charge the public authorities and society at large with the duty of conserving and protecting it, including by means of different treatments according to the environmental impact of products and services and their manufacturing and supply processes. The approach method is inductive; the procedure method is monographic, and research techniques include review of the literature, legislation, jurists' works, and court decisions. The first part of the text is dedicated to examining the Social-Environmental State and the power to levy taxes, divided into two chapters that are necessary and complementary to understand the assignment of the extrafiscal role as a legal tool to foster environmental conservation. The second part of the paper investigates whether the environmental extrafiscality of taxes is constitutional, and outlines the limits of its application in the Brazilian socialenvironmental state in an effort to show that the extrafiscality may serve as a tool to implement the different economic treatment provided for in item VI, article 170 of the Constitution. Based on those premises, we finally look into the possible assignment of the environmental extrafiscal role to all existing taxes, without the need of creating new taxes. We also analyze if the taxable event is directly related to the externality produced in order to determine whether all taxes similarly lend themselves to helping protect the ecologically balanced environment or not. As the ultimate task, the thenconsolidated hypothesis of this thesis is applied to analyze the possibility of assigning the environmental extrafiscal role to the Brazilian vehicle tax and its environmental conservation potential. / A presente pesquisa abrange o direito tribut?rio, o ambiental e o econ?mico, mais precisamente o uso da extrafiscalidade ambiental como poss?vel instrumento jur?dico-econ?mico de defesa do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, tendo em vista o disposto nos artigos 225 e 170, inciso VI da Constitui??o Federal, os quais estabelecem que todos t?m direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, impondo-se ao Poder P?blico e ? coletividade o dever de preserv?-lo e defend?-lo, inclusive mediante tratamento diferenciado conforme o impacto ambiental dos produtos e servi?os e de seus processos de elabora??o e presta??o.O m?todo de abordagem ? o indutivo, o do procedimento ? o monogr?fico e as t?cnicas de pesquisa envolvem pesquisa bibliogr?fica com acesso ? legisla??o, doutrina e jurisprud?ncia. A primeira parte do texto ? dedicada ao exame do Estado Socioambiental e ao poder de tributar, divididos em dois cap?tulos necess?rios e complementares para a compreens?o da atribui??o da fun??o extrafiscal como instrumento jur?dico para a promo??o da defesa do meio ambiente. A segunda parte do trabalho, volta-se ? investiga??o da constitucionalidade da extrafiscalidade ambiental dos impostos tra?ando os limites de sua aplica??o no estado socioambiental brasileiro, buscando demonstrar que a extrafiscalidade pode servir de instrumento para a implementa??o do tratamento econ?mico diferenciado previsto no inciso VI do artigo 170 da Constitui??o. Com base nessas premissas, verifica-se a poss?vel atribui??o da fun??o extrafiscal ambiental nos impostos existentes, sem a necessidade de criar-se novos impostos, analisando tamb?m se o fato gerador do imposto possui rela??o direta com a externalidade produzida para concluir se todos os impostos prestam-se da mesma forma para auxiliar na concre??o da defesa do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, ou n?o. Como tarefa derradeira, aplica a hip?tese desta Tese, ent?o consolidada, no sentido de demonstrar a poss?vel atribui??o da fun??o extrafiscal ambiental no IPVA brasileiro e suas potencialidades de defesa do meio ambiente.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-24T19:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Daniela Augusto Chaves.pdf: 7459629 bytes, checksum: db78e044349231645bd60b6c5fb4c66e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Daniela Augusto Chaves.pdf: 7459629 bytes, checksum: db78e044349231645bd60b6c5fb4c66e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPES / The monitoring of soil thermal regime in periglacial environment is critical to identify the presence of permafrost and the thickness of the active layer. This study was conducted to identify factors that influence the soil thermal regime in Keller Peninsula, from 02/2011 to 02/2015. For such monitoring were installed air temperature sensors (Tar) and soil (Ts) and soil moisture at different depths and sites in Keller Peninsula. Preliminary analyzes of the data were based on the monthly average, annual; maximum and minimum averages and seasonal averages of Tar; Ts and soil moisture at different depths in the monitoring sites Ipanema Ref?gio II, Punta and site soil with Standard. After these analyzes identified the days of freezing, thawing, isothermal and freezing / thawing for each depth; the frequency distribution of temperature and temperature fluctuation during the period studied. The analyzes were carried out: the cross-correlation between the AAO series (Antarctic Oscillation Index), SOI (Southern Oscillation Index), Tar and Ts; linar simple regression between the annual average temperatures and the highest average maximum and annual minimum; Multiple linear regression between moisture apparent soil thermal difuvividade (DTA); N_fator the rate of freezing and its relationship with DTA and; the harmonic analysis of the AAO series, SOI, MEI (multivariate ENSO index), Tar and Ts. The highest and lowest Tar annual average in the four years and four sites studied was 1.7 ?C on site Ref?gio II and 4.8 ?C in place with Standard Solo, respectively. The period in which the soil has more time under the active layer system was Ipanema and Ref?gio II. The highest and the lowest sum of degree days of thawing and freezing were 154.6 and 263.3, respectively Ref?gio II In cross-correlation analysis the delay phase between the waves of Tar and Ts was less than one month in all sites. The correlation between the AAO x Tar Tar and SOI x occurs up to 5 months delay between the phases. Simple linear regression analysis indicated that in Ipanema and Ref?gio II, the soil thermal regime restricted the active layer. On site soil with Standard and Punta Plaza thermal regime presented reached the permafrost before the layer of 0.80 and 1.00 m deep respectively. In the frequency histograms showed predominance of temperatures around 0 ?C and the first difference graph shown that temperature variations are stronger in summer. Multiple linear regrass?o analysis showed that the moisture influence on the DTA in most cases. The freezing N_fator was inversely proportional to close DTA the surface, but when compared with the DTA in depth the relationship approaches. The harmonic analysis identified that climate variability in ways that influenced the Tar these sites between the years 2011-2014, were the AAO and SOI indices. In general, the thermal insulation provided by covering the thickest snow in places Punta Plaza and Solo with Standard allowed the permafrost were found at depths less when compared to the Ref?gio II and Ipanema sites that were less thick blanket of snow. / O monitoramento do regime t?rmico do solo em ambiente periglacial ? fundamental para identificar a presen?a do permafrost e a espessura da camada ativa. Este estudo foi realizado para identificar os fatores que influenciam no regime t?rmico do solo na Pen?nsula Keller, entre 02/2011 a 02/2015. Para tal monitoramento foram instalados sensores de temperatura do ar (Tar) e do solo (Ts) e umidade do solo em diferentes profundidades e s?tios na Pen?nsula de Keller. As an?lises preliminares dos dados foram realizadas com base nas m?dias mensais, anuais; m?dias m?ximas e m?nimas e m?dias sazonais de Tar, Ts e umidade do solo em diferentes profundidades nos s?tios de monitoramento Ipanema, Ref?gio II, Punta e s?tio Solo com Padr?o. Ap?s essas an?lises foram identificados os dias de congelamento, descongelamento, isot?rmicos e congelamento/descongelamento para cada profundidade; as frequ?ncias de distribui??o das temperaturas e oscila??o de temperatura durante o per?odo estudado. As an?lises realizadas foram: a de correla??o cruzada entre as s?ries de AAO (Antarctic Oscillation Index), SOI (Southern Oscillation Index), Tar e Ts; a regress?o linar simples entre as temperaturas m?dias anuais e a maior m?dia m?xima e m?nima anuais; a regress?o linear m?ltipla entre umidade a difuvividade t?rmica aparente do solo (DTA); o ?ndice N_fator de congelamento e sua rela??o com a DTA e; a an?lise harm?nica das s?ries AAO, SOI, MEI (multivariate ENSO index), Tar e Ts. A maior e a menor Tar m?dia anual nos quatro anos e nos quatro s?tios estudados foi de -1,7 ?C no s?tio Ref?gio II e de ?4,8 ?C no s?tio Solo com Padr?o, respectivamente. O per?odo em que o solo apresentou mais tempo sob o regime de camada ativa foi Ipanema e Ref?gio II. A maior e a menor soma de graus dias de descongelamento e congelamento foram de 154,6 e ?263,3, respectivamente em Ref?gio II. Na an?lise de correla??o cruzada o atraso de fases entre as ondas de Tar e Ts foi inferior a um m?s em todos os s?tios. A correla??o entre a AAO x Tar e SOI x Tar ocorre com at? cinco meses de atraso entre as fases. A an?lise de regress?o linear simples indicou que, em Ipanema e em Ref?gio II, o regime t?rmico do solo se restringe a camada ativa. No s?tio Solo com Padr?o e Punta Plaza o regime t?rmico apresentado alcan?ou o permafrost antes da camada de 0,80 e 1,00 m de profundidade respectivamente. Os histogramas de frequ?ncia apresentaram predomin?ncia de temperaturas em torno de 0 ?C e o gr?fico de primeira diferen?a mostrou que as varia??es da temperatura foram mais fortes no ver?o. A an?lise de regrass?o linear m?ltipla mostrou que a umidade influencia na DTA na maior parte dos casos. O N_fator de congelamento foi inversamente proporcional a DTA pr?xima a superf?cie, por?m quando o compara com a DTA em profundidade essa rela??o se aproxima. A an?lise harm?nica permitiu identificar que os modos de variabilidade clim?tica que influenciaram a Tar nesses s?tios, entre os anos de 2011 a 2014, foram os ?ndices AAO e SOI. De maneira geral, o isolamento t?rmico proporcionado por cobertura da neve mais espessa nos s?tios Punta Plaza e Solo com Padr?o, permitiu que o permafrost fosse encontrado a profundidades menores quando comparado com os s?tios Ref?gio II e Ipanema, que obtiveram cobertura da neve menos espessa.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-19T19:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cl?udia dos Reis Ferreira.pdf: 1425765 bytes, checksum: d847a95493845c76aaaf6f7635662069 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T19:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cl?udia dos Reis Ferreira.pdf: 1425765 bytes, checksum: d847a95493845c76aaaf6f7635662069 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-25 / CAPES / To manage properly the natural resources and also to produce with sustainability is a big challenge. Conservation management practices, such as no-tillage system (NTS), intend to increase the sustainability of agricultural systems through improvement of chemical, physical and biological soil attributes. This work was developed in private rural systems, explored commercially in Guaira municipality ? Paran? State. Three different areas were evaluated, with NTS adoption time of 7, 14 and 23 years, with succession of soybean (summer) and corn/wheat crops (winter) (NTS7, NTS14 and NTS23, respectively), and an area of Atlantic Forest as reference. The sampling was taken in the dry season (September/2013), after harvesting corn, and in the rainy season (February/2014), after harvesting soybean; to evaluate effect of duration of soil usage and management under the different crops in NTS on edaphic attributes. The hypothesis tested were: a) long duration management systems can change physical, chemical and biological soil properties; b) the crop succession with grass/legumes species (corn/soybean) promotes modifications in the groups of soil macrofauna and, consequently, in the compartments of soil organic matter (SOM); and c) the season of sampling (winter and summer) influences the composition of soil macrofauna and in the SOM compartments. They were analyzed chemical attributes and total organic carbon (TOC) and nutrient stocks (Ca, Mg, K and P), particle size, aggregates stability, bulk and particle densities, actual soil moisture, calculated the total volume of pores, and evaluated the edaphic macrofauna, at the depths of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. The morphological types of aggregates were identified, establishing three groups: physiogenic, intermediates and biogenic. For the different groups it was measured the relative composition, TOC, and physical and chemical fractionation of organic matter. In general, the variation in chemical properties were related to NTS time and the sampling season, which also reflects the soil coverage. Soybean and corn/wheat succession contributed to increase contents and stocks of carbon, Ca and P in the different NTS chronosequences. Although there was no significant difference between the areas, the increasing bulk density values observed with depth in the NTS23 area, with longer system adoption, indicate compacted layers that should be monitored. The highest density and total richness of macrofauna individuals were found in the NTS14 and NTS23 areas under corn residues, but there were not observed higher indexes of equability, due to dominance of Formicidae and Isoptera groups. The areas with the highest equability values were the reference, in the dry season, and NTS23 in the rainy season, with values to 0.87 and 0.61, respectively. The biogenic aggregates were found in larger proportion in the reference area, while the physiogenics and intermediate predominated in the managed areas. The TOC contents were higher in biogenic aggregates, as well as organic carbon associated with minerals (OCam). The humin fraction showed no significant differences in the dry season, while in the rainy season the humin content was higher in physiogenic aggregates. This result indicates that biogenic aggregates of the dry season change into the physiogenic aggregates found in the rainy season. / Gerenciar adequadamente os recursos ambientais e simultaneamente produzir de forma sustent?vel ? um grande desafio. Pr?ticas de manejo conservacionistas, como o sistema plantio direto (SPD), visam aumentar a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agr?colas atrav?s da melhoria dos atributos qu?micos, f?sicos e biol?gicos do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em sistemas agr?colas particulares, explorados comercialmente no munic?pio de Gua?ra ? PR. Foram avaliadas tr?s ?reas com diferentes tempos de ado??o do SPD, por 7, 14 e 23 anos sob sucess?o das culturas soja (ver?o) e milho/trigo (inverno) (SPD7, SPD14 e SPD23 respectivamente), e uma ?rea de Floresta Atl?ntica como refer?ncia. As amostragens foram feitas no inverno ap?s a colheita das culturas de milho (setembro/2013), e no ver?o, ap?s a colheita de soja (fevereiro/2014). O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de uso e manejo do solo sob diferentes coberturas em SPD sobre os atributos ed?ficos. As hip?teses testadas foram: a) sistemas de manejo de longa dura??o podem alterar caracter?sticas f?sicas, qu?micas e biol?gicas dos solos; b) a sucess?o de culturas com esp?cies de gram?neas/leguminosas (milho/soja) promove modifica??es nos grupos da macrofauna do solo e, desta forma, nos compartimentos da MOS; e c) a ?poca de avalia??o (inverno e ver?o) influencia na composi??o da macrofauna do solo e nos compartimentos da MOS. Foram analisados: atributos qu?micos e estoques de carbono org?nico total (COT) e de nutrientes (Ca, Mg, K e P), an?lise granulom?trica, estabilidade de agregados, densidade do solo (Ds) e da part?cula (Dp), umidade atual do solo, calculado o volume total de poros, e avaliada a macrofauna ed?fica, nas profundidades de 0-0,1, 0,1-0,2 e 0,2-0,3 m. Foram identificados os tipos morfol?gicos de agregados, nos tr?s grupos: fisiog?nicos, intermedi?rios e biog?nicos. Para os diferentes grupos, foi medida a composi??o relativa, COT, e fracionamento qu?mico e f?sico ou granulom?trico da mat?ria org?nica. De modo geral, a varia??o nos atributos qu?micos se relacionou com o tempo de implanta??o do SPD e a ?poca de amostragem, que tamb?m refletiu a cobertura do solo. A sucess?o soja, milho/trigo contribuiu no aumento dos teores e estoques de carbono, Ca e P nos diferentes tempos de implanta??o do SPD. Embora sem diferen?a significativa entre as ?reas, os valores de Ds em profundidade na ?rea SPD23, com maior tempo de ado??o, indicam camadas compactadas, que devem ser monitoradas. A maior densidade e riqueza total de indiv?duos da macrofauna foram encontradas nas ?reas SPD14 e SPD23 sob a palhada do milho; por?m n?o foram observados maiores ?ndices de equabilidade, pelo dom?nio dos grupos Formicidae e Isoptera. As ?reas com maiores valores de equabilidade foram a de refer?ncia, no inverno, e a de SPD23 no ver?o, com 0,87 e 0,61, respectivamente. A maior propor??o de agregados biog?nicos foi na ?rea de refer?ncia; j? os fisiog?nicos e intermedi?rios predominaram nas ?reas manejadas. Os teores de COT foram maiores nos agregados biog?nicos, assim como o carbono org?nico associado aos minerais (COam). A fra??o humina n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa na coleta de inverno; no ver?o, a humina foi maior nos agregados fisiog?nicos. Esse resultado indica que os agregados biog?nicos do inverno originaram os agregados fisiog?nicos encontrados no ver?o.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaVEN_DISSERT.pdf: 3704099 bytes, checksum: 9d6c4ca61e30a590f9ddc586250471d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-15 / Important issues involving the awakening to the need for conservation of biodiversity and the importance of establishing protected areas as a strategy in pursuit of environmental protection, are increasingly being developed in biological and social investigative fields. In this sense, this research aimed to emphasize the use of environmental perception of social agents are significant elements for the understanding of the man / nature, and develop educational activities aimed at raising awareness and changing attitudes towards environmental issues thus promoting reflections on Environmental Education (EE) as a critical and transformative tool for conservation of rich biological diversity. This research covers as a place of study, schools located in the Environmental Protection Area Jenipabu (APAJ), Rio Grande do Norte. Methodology in general, we highlight the use of questionnaires and mind maps as generators of the contents of empirical research, and execution of content analysis for the treatment of data collected. This dissertation has two chapters in the form of scientific articles, where the first is entitled: "Study of the perceptions and evaluation of interactions concerning environmental education in schools in a conservation area of Rio Grande do Norte - Brazil", obtaining thus a primary diagnosis for analysis about the visions that students and teachers from two schools located in APAJ have on the environment. The second article, entitled: "Effective and analysis of educational activities that promote biodiversity in a coastal area of Environmental Protection Northeast - Brazil" provides an analysis of the educational use of biodiversity as a way to raise awareness of the need for environmental conservation. It appears from research that there is a lack of training in EA by teachers, but there is a need for greater involvement of students in conservation areas, however, from the analysis of educational activities, we observed that the effectiveness of such actions acts to promote awareness and change in actors involved. Thus, environmental education needs to take into account the different perceptions found in each individual, and it can not be based solely on transmission of knowledge, so that we reach a model of conservation. / Temas importantes envolvendo o despertar para a necessidade de conserva??o da biodiversidade e da import?ncia de se criar Unidades de Conserva??o, como estrat?gia em busca da defesa do meio ambiente, est?o cada vez mais sendo desenvolvidos em campos investigativos biol?gicos e sociais. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se nessa pesquisa, enfatizar o uso da percep??o ambiental dos agentes sociais sendo elementos significativos para o entendimento da rela??o homem/natureza, e desenvolver a??es educacionais voltadas para sensibiliza??o e mudan?a de atitudes frente ?s quest?es ambientais para assim, promover reflex?es sobre a Educa??o Ambiental (EA) cr?tica e transformadora como um rico instrumento de conserva??o da diversidade biol?gica. Esta pesquisa abrange como local de estudo, escolas situadas na ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental Jenipabu (APAJ), Rio Grande do Norte. Na Metodologia Geral, destacam-se a utiliza??o de question?rios e mapas mentais como geradores dos conte?dos emp?ricos da pesquisa, e efetiva??o da an?lise de conte?do para o tratamento dos dados coletados. Esta disserta??o conta com dois cap?tulos em formato de artigos cient?ficos, onde o primeiro intitula-se: Estudo das percep??es e avalia??o de intera??es educativas voltadas ao meio ambiente em escolas de uma Unidade de Conserva??o do Rio Grande do Norte Brasil , obtendo, assim, um diagn?stico primordial para an?lise acerca das vis?es que alunos e professores de duas escolas situadas na APAJ t?m sobre o meio ambiente. O segundo artigo, cujo t?tulo ?: Efetiva??o e an?lise de a??es educativas promotoras da biodiversidade em uma ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental costeira do Nordeste Brasil traz uma an?lise sobre a utiliza??o de a??es educativas sobre a biodiversidade como forma de sensibiliza??o para a necessidade de conserva??o ambiental. Infere-se da pesquisa que h? car?ncia na forma??o em EA por parte dos professores, como tamb?m h? necessidade de um envolvimento maior dos alunos com a Unidade de Conserva??o Por?m, a partir da an?lise das a??es educativas realizadas, observamos que a efetiva??o de tais a??es atua promovendo sensibiliza??o e transforma??o nos sujeitos envolvidos. Sendo assim, a Educa??o Ambiental precisa levar em considera??o as diversas percep??es encontradas em cada indiv?duo, e que n?o pode ser pautada apenas na transmiss?o de conhecimentos, para que assim, alcancemos um verdadeiro modelo de conserva??o.

Submitted by Gustavo Gomes (gustavolascasas@gmail.com) on 2013-11-12T11:40:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Capacidade estatal da esfera estadual de governo.pdf: 3427327 bytes, checksum: 78d66e28bc49f56a59bc134d438e27de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2013-11-13T18:19:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Capacidade estatal da esfera estadual de governo.pdf: 3427327 bytes, checksum: 78d66e28bc49f56a59bc134d438e27de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-13T18:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capacidade estatal da esfera estadual de governo.pdf: 3427327 bytes, checksum: 78d66e28bc49f56a59bc134d438e27de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / - / No presente trabalho procurou-se examinar a capacidade da esfera estadual de governo na implementa????o da Pol??tica de Assist??ncia Social em Minas Gerais, por meio de um estudo explorat??rio do Projeto Estruturador inscrito no Plano Plurianual de A????o Governamental ??? PPAG 2004-2007 ???Inclus??o Social de Fam??lias Vulnerabilizadas??? no per??odo 2004-2006. O referido projeto re??ne as principais a????es da ??rea de Assist??ncia Social realizadas pelo gestor estadual sob a ??gide de um inovador modelo de gest??o adotado pelo governo de Minas Gerais e instrumentalizado pelo portf??lio Gest??o Estrat??gica de Recursos e A????es do Estado ??? GERAES. A presente an??lise foi realizada considerando-se as condi????es sociais do estado de Minas Gerais e o contexto organizacional em que se insere a Pol??tica de Assist??ncia Social no estado, ap??s todas as transforma????es decorrentes da Constitui????o Federal de 1988 que culminaram com a implementa????o do Sistema ??nico de Sa??de ??? SUAS. A pesquisa tamb??m considerou a nova concep????o de pobreza sob os enfoques da exclus??o social e das vulnerabilidades sociais, bem como o paradigma do modelo de prote????o para fazer face a esses fen??menos. / Governo e Pol??tica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulianoSVL_capa_ate_secao4.pdf: 2920544 bytes, checksum: 1be7339037691ce93eaf62558becf297 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-12-15 / The present work concerns the use of shade elements as architectural elements to block sunlight in public buildings. In a city like Natal, (5o South) the incidence of sunrays in any type of design should be a constant concern for all the architects. Besides, this habit of avoiding insolation in the environment is not a common practice. Within this context, the present work has the objective to dig deep into the knowledge of solar control, studying some cases and verifying its function according to the orientation and the original design of the building, having in mind if the shade elements usually used in the region have achieved their purpose of providing protection against the incidence of direct sun rays. This study considers the position of the shade element (horizontal and vertical), the angle formed between them and the respective facades, and the local of the buildings in relation to their orientation during the summer, winter and equinox solstice. As supporting instruments the solar map of the city and the protractor, for measuring shade angles, were used. It was concluded that in all the cases studied, it was not possible to obtain the maximum use of the elements. It was verified that the best type of shade element (more efficient) for the city of Natal is the mixed type (horizontal and vertical) and that the vertical shade elements are more efficient in the early mornings and late afternoon. The horizontal shade elements are used more effective at midday. We intend to present the results of this study to the architects in the region in order to show them the correct ways of using the shade elements according to the possible orientation on the facade, as a supporting tool at the time of designing a project as well as a subsidy for further discussions on the elaboration of the new urban standards for the city of Natal/RN / O presente trabalho apresenta o uso de elementos arquitet?nicos como forma de prote??o aos raios solares em edif?cios p?blicos. Em uma cidade como Natal (5? sul), a incid?ncia dos raios solares em qualquer tipo de projeto deveria ser uma preocupa??o constante para todos os arquitetos. Entretanto, o h?bito de proteger a edifica??o da insola??o n?o ? uma pr?tica comum. Dentro deste contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo se aprofundar no conhecimento do controle solar, estudando alguns casos e verificando sua funcionalidade de acordo com a orienta??o e seu desenho original, tendo em mente que os elementos de sombra geralmente usados na regi?o t?m o prop?sito de dar prote??o contra a incid?ncia direta aos raios solares. Este estudo considera a posi??o do protetor solar (horizontal e vertical), o ?ngulo formado entre eles e as respectivas fachadas, al?m do local da edifica??o em rela??o a sua orienta??o durante os solst?cios de ver?o e inverno e equin?cio. Como instrumento de apoio foram utilizadas as cartas solares para a cidade e o transferidor de ?ngulo de sombra. Conclui-se que em todos os casos estudados, n?o foi poss?vel obter m?ximo proveito destes elementos. Foi verificado que o melhor protetor solar (mais eficiente) para a cidade do Natal ? o do tipo misto (horizontal e vertical) e que os elementos verticais s?o mais eficientes no come?o da manh? e final da tarde. Os elementos horizontais s?o mais eficientes pr?ximos ao meio-dia. Pretende-se apresentar os resultados deste estudo aos arquitetos da cidade para indicar as formas corretas de uso de elementos de prote??o ao sol, de acordo com a possibilidade da orienta??o da fachada, como ferramenta de aux?lio ao projeto, como tamb?m, que esta pesquisa possa servir de subs?dio para futuras discuss?es na elabora??o do novo c?digo de obras para a cidade de Natal/RN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:20:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JuanPCC_DISSERT.pdf: 2514218 bytes, checksum: 28894234f539fd1888678e29cc4ab06a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / This study deals with the rural social security Universalist established by the Constitution of 1988 and its importance in the economy of the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte. In this context, the study seeks to satisfy two important criteria that guide the selection of objects of social science research: a consideration of issues that have relevance to the real world and the intention to make the contribution to the scholarly literature on theoretical and empirical aspects. The research seeks to reveal what is the economic importance of the subsystem of social security for rural municipalities in RN. The hypothesis is that the transfer of income received by beneficiaries from the rural social security tax exceeds the explicit mechanisms for most municipalities in RN, in many cases significantly, proving the importance of this policy as a mechanism for combating poverty and reducing social inequality, especially before the fragility of the federal system on the national political entity hall. The study presents theoretical cores - chapters 1-3 - and empirical - Chapter 4. The first core is about the evolution of social protection as a state policy, addressing the influential theories and typologies of the State of Social Welfare and the characteristics of the Brazilian social security model, but mainly, its rural social security subsystem, its history until universalistic model inaugurated by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The second begins with an overview of studies that have emphasized the impact of Social Security on the local economy of small municipalities, then passing data and statistics in order to gauge the socioeconomic importance of pension income in the rural municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte. To this end, the final chapter provides a comparison of the monetary value transferred by the payment of social security benefits - rural and urban - to each of the 167 municipalities in RN with the equally important sources of income in the budget of municipal entities. Apart from their own tax revenues, are objects of comparison with the value of pension benefits awarded in RN, transfer quota state relating to the municipality on the federal ICMS and the transfer on the FPM / Este trabalho trata da previd?ncia rural universalista institu?da pela Constitui??o Federal de 1988 e a sua import?ncia na economia dos munic?pios do Rio Grande do Norte. Neste contexto, o estudo busca satisfazer dois importantes crit?rios que orientam a sele??o de objetos de pesquisa em ci?ncias sociais: a considera??o de quest?es que apresentam import?ncia para o mundo real e a inten??o de apresentar contribui??o para a literatura acad?mica, em aspectos te?ricos e emp?ricos. A investiga??o procura revelar qual ? a import?ncia econ?mica do subsistema de previd?ncia social rural para os munic?pios do RN. A hip?tese ? de que a transfer?ncia de renda recebida pelos benefici?rios a partir da previd?ncia rural supera os mecanismos fiscais expl?citos para maioria dos munic?pios do RN, em v?rios casos significativamente, a revelar a import?ncia desta pol?tica como mecanismo de combate a pobreza e a redu??o da desigualdade social, mormente ante a fragilidade do sistema federativo nacional quanto ao ente pol?tico municipal. O estudo apresenta n?cleos te?ricos cap?tulos 1 a 3 e emp?rico cap?tulo 4. O primeiro n?cleo discorre sobre a evolu??o da prote??o social enquanto pol?tica de Estado, abordando as influentes teorias e tipologias do Estado de Bem-Estar Social e as caracter?sticas do modelo previdenci?rio brasileiro, destacadamente, do seu subsistema de previd?ncia social rural, de seus antecedentes at? o modelo universalista inaugurado pela Constitui??o Federal de 1988. O segundo inicia com a revis?o de estudos que t?m enfatizado o impacto da Previd?ncia Social sobre a economia local de pequenos munic?pios, para em seguida cruzar dados e estat?sticas com o prop?sito de dimensionar a relev?ncia socioecon?mica da renda previdenci?ria rural nos munic?pios do Rio Grande do Norte. Para este fim, o ?ltimo cap?tulo estabelece a compara??o do valor monet?rio transferido pelo pagamento dos benef?cios previdenci?rios rurais e urbanos - a cada um dos 167 munic?pios do RN com as fontes de recurso igualmente importantes no or?amento destes entes municipais. Al?m das receitas tribut?rias pr?prias, s?o objetos de an?lise comparativa com o valor dos benef?cios previdenci?rios emitidos no RN, a transfer?ncia estadual referentes a cota parte do munic?pio sobre o ICMS e a transfer?ncia federal relativa ao FPM