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This study deals with Francisco G. Penzotti, a Bible colporteur and church planter, opening in 1888 in Peru a branch of the American Bible Society. But the Peruvian con-stitution prohibited any public, non-Catholic religious activities. The country's situation for decades had been confrontation between clerical conserva-tism and progressive liberal forces, thus dividing Peruvian society. Penzotti became a catalyst in this confrontation at a time of critical importance, thus revealing the frailty of the Roman Catholicism as an integrating force in this society. He becomes a "human interface" in the struggle for tolerance and freedom of worship, involving the participa-tion of important sectors of Peruvian society. This paper describes the historical background and Protestant activities prior to Pen-zotti, then his work and person. A missiological summary interprets Penzottis success, acting as a human link between two distinct eras and clearing the way for a future of tolerance and religious freedom in Peru. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

This thesis concerns the issues of leadership in the African context, but it derives its emphasis from the stories in Daniel 1–6 in the Old Testament, in order to comment on leadership styles, competencies, skills and the state of leadership in Africa. It is a reading from a specific context, that of someone living in present times in the Republic of Chad. The research focused mainly on the following issues: What can we learn from the stories concerning leadership in Daniel 1–6? Who are the leaders in these chapters? What is the quality of their leadership? In trying to answer these questions, the researcher had to consider the following: How was the book read and interpreted in the past? How is it currently interpreted? Looking at past research, the focus fell on: (1) the pre-critical period, (2) the historical-critical period, and (3) the period in which modern literary studies abound. Following the research history a personal reading and interpretation of the stories in Daniel 1–6 are presented. A narrative analysis is carried out and the plots of the different stories are analysed according to the quinary scheme (the initial situation, the complication, transforming action, the denouement and the final situation). The focus falls on the narrator’s presentation of the main characters and what readers can learn from these stories about leadership. Although there is attention to how scholars in the past and present have interpreted the Book of Daniel, the researcher tries to present a new interpretation by carrying out a contextual reading focusing on leadership. This aspect did not receive much attention in previous research. What is gained by this reading is then applied to the situation in the modern Republic of Chad. First, there is a detailed study of current writing by scholars as well as what they are saying about leadership. Following this, the African and Chadian contexts are considered. The final chapter synthesises all the issues that have been discussed. / Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies / D.Th. (Old Testament)

Text in German / The Study “The Growth of Pentecostal Churches in the USSR during the 20th Century” is a contribution to the research in the field of church development. The objective of this research is to investigate which missiological factors led the people in the Soviet Union to join the pentecostal churches. It should be noted that there is a wide gap in the area of international studies regarding the pentecostal movement in general.1 This can also be applied to the pentecostal movement in the USSR. So far, academic research has hardly given this area the necessary attention. For this reason the present dissertation tries to close this gap. Since this research not just follows a scientific-theoretical interest, the result should also be of use for future church development in Germany. The present historical and practical theological portrayal of the Russian pentecostal movement is based on extensive literary research. It should be given a wide as possible and yet critical review of the Russian, German and English literature. This study aims to open the difficult to access Russian literature to the German public. Moreover, the available literature is analyzed under a historical missiological aspect and practical theological conclusions are drawn from that / Practical theology / M.Th. (Practical theology)

Résumé La recherche présentée ici porte sur la manière dont les protestants conservateurs francophones du Québec évaluent la compatibilité entre leurs croyances religieuses et les lois qui limitent le recours au châtiment corporel à l’égard des enfants. Plus précisément, elle s’intéresse à la façon dont ils résolvent les conflits éventuels entre leurs croyances puisées dans la Bible et ces lois. En ce sens, la Bible prescrit dans plusieurs de ses versets, notamment dans le proverbe 22 :15, d’utiliser le châtiment corporel comme moyen pour chasser une inclination au mal qui serait innée chez les enfants et d’effectuer ce châtiment à l’aide d’une verge. De ce fait, de nombreux protestants conservateurs emploient des objets (cuillers en bois, bâtons, baguettes) pour administrer ce châtiment à leurs enfants. Or, ces pratiques entrent en contradiction avec l’article 43 du Code criminel du Canada qui limite et encadre le recours au châtiment corporel et avec la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse du Québec qui protège les enfants contre des traitements pouvant s’apparenter à de la maltraitance et qui risquent de compromettre leur développement. La méthodologie utilisée est une méthodologie qualitative mixte basée d’abord sur une série d’observations non participantes in situ à des services religieux et des ateliers d’enseignement doctrinal dans quatre congrégations protestantes conservatrices (deux Églises évangéliques, une Église pentecôtiste et une Église baptiste) suivie d’une série d’entretiens auprès de trente-neuf protestants conservateurs québécois francophones appartenant à ces congrégations. Ce matériel a été complété par une analyse documentaire des écrits produits par ces groupes et des écrits d’autres organisations conservatrices consultés par ces groupes. L’analyse des données a permis de dégager chez les protestants conservateurs à l’étude trois différentes attitudes face à l’incompatibilité entre leurs préceptes religieux et les lois séculières : une attitude de conciliation qui se traduit par un effort d’accommodement de ces préceptes à la loi ; une attitude d’omission face à la loi séculière où l’individu opte pour une désobéissance passive de la loi ; et une attitude contestataire face aux autorités où la désobéissance aux lois est envisagée comme une forme de militance. Nous examinons les éléments qui influencent ces différents positionnements face aux lois. En plus de répondre aux objectifs visés, la présente recherche constitue une étude approfondie du discours des protestants conservateurs québécois francophones sur le châtiment corporel des enfants et de leurs pratiques. / Abstract The goal of this research is to study how French-speaking conservative protestants from Quebec evaluate the compatibility between their religious beliefs and the laws and regulations limiting corporal punishment of children. The specific issue is how they resolve eventual conflicts between their beliefs derived from the Bible and the legal framework. Several verses from the Bible, in particular Proverbs 22:15, prescribe corporal punishment with a rod in order “to drive it far from him” a supposedly innate child’s inclination to evil. Hence, many members of conservative Protestant groups use objects (wooden spoons, sticks, rods) to inflict corporal punishment to their children. This practice puts them in contravention of article 43 of the Canadian Criminal Code, which limits and frames the use of physical punishment, as well as with Quebec’s Youth Protection Act, that protects children from mistreatment, or whose security or development is or may be in danger. The study applies a hybrid qualitative methodology based on a series of non- participant observations in situ of the religious services and doctrinal workshops at four conservative protestant congregations (two Evangelical churches, a Pentecostal one and a Baptist one) and interviews with 39 French-speaking members of such congregations from Quebec. Observations and interviews were supplemented with documentary analysis of material written or consulted by these groups. From the analysis of the data, we derived three different attitudes of the protestant groups considered in the study when contradiction arises between religious doctrine and the law: conciliation, with an effort to accommodate religious beliefs to the precepts of the law; omission, which results in a passive disobedience of the law, and a challenging attitude vis-à-vis the authorities where disobedience to the laws is considered a form of militancy. Different elements are taken into consideration in the decision-making process that leads to the different attitudes. In addition to its original goals, the research constitutes a detailed description of the doctrine of corporal punishment of children by conservative protestant French- speaking congregations from Quebec and several examples of its practices.

Si Ferdinand Buisson a, du point de vue institutionnel, joué un rôle de premier plan dans l'édification de l'école laïque sous la IIIe République, il fut aussi un remarquable observateur de son temps et un penseur engagé soucieux de faire apparaître toute l'intelligibilité des différentes causes qu'il a embrassées au cours de sa longue carrière d'homme publique, du protestantisme libéral au radical-socialisme. Pour appréhender la cohérence de cet itinéraire intellectuel, la question de l'autorité offre un bon fil directeur: avant d'être envisagée en termes pédagogiques, celle-ci s'est en effet posée à Buisson de manière particulièrement vive dans le contexte théologique et ecclésiologique mouvementé qui était celui de la communauté réformée dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. Prenant énergiquement parti pour les "libéraux" dans le débat qui les oppose alors aux "orthodoxes" quant aux statuts respectifs de l'Ecriture et de la conscience dans l'économie de la foi, Buisson esquisse dès les années 1860 une interprétation originale de la tradition protestante qu'il développera bien plus tard dans sa thèse de 1891 sur Sébastien Castellion. A la lumière de ses écrits protestants, sa philosophie de l'éducation laïque apparaît à bien des égards comme l'expression sécularisée d'un geste inaugural et profondément religieux de refus de l'autorité dans ses formes conservatrices et toutes extérieures. Loin de consister cependant en un simple développement d’une essence préexistante, la continuité de cette pensée ne se dessine qu'au gré d'un permanent travail de réécriture commandé par les contextes de discussion abordés, les arguments adverses et les situations historiques que Buisson s'est efforcé d'infléchir avec un sens consommé du kairos. Ce sont ces ajustements et infléchissements successifs de l'idéal buissonien que nous avons tenté d’appréhender depuis les jeunes heures de l'école laïque jusqu'aux premières discussions relatives à sa "démocratisation" à la veille de la première guerre mondiale. / Ferdinand Buisson did not only play a major role, as regards institutions, in the foundation of nondenominational education during the Third Republic, he was also both a talented observer of his time and a committed thinker, concerned with the intelligibility of the various causes he embraced throughout his long career as a public figure , from liberal Protestantism to radical- socialism. The coherence of his intellectual path may be apprehended through a clear issue: The question of authority. As a matter of fact, before considering it from an educational standpoint, Ferdinand Buisson had to face it acutely inthe stormy theological and ecclesiological context of the protestant community during the second half of the 19th century. He stood up vigourously for the”liberals” in their dispute against the “orthodox” concerning respectively, the status of the Scriptures and of conscience in the process of faith. As early as 1860, Ferdinand Buisson outlines an original interpretation of the protestant tradition, which he will later on develop in 1891 in his thesis about Sébastien Castellion. In the light of his protestant works, and in many respects, his philosophy of non-denominational education sounds like the secularized expression of a deeply religious inaugural gesture in refusal of authority, in its external conservative forms. Yet, far from simply expanding on a pre-existent essence, the continuity of this thinking only becomes clear through a continuous work of re-writing, induced from debates, opposing arguments and historical situations which Buisson endeavoured to reorientate with his accomplished sense of Kairos. Indeed, we have tried to apprehend those successive reorientations and realignments of Buisson’s ideal, starting from the very first days of non-denominational education to the first discussions relating to its democratization on the eve of the first World War.

L’essor du protestantisme évangélique en France est un laboratoire d’analyse des effets de la mondialisation sur les identités religieuses. Alors que leurs origines remontent souvent à la Réforme protestante en Europe elle-même, les évangéliques français font partie aujourd’hui d’un mouvement à dimensions mondiales où les Américains jouent un rôle de premier rang. Quelle influence ces derniers exercent-ils réellement en France? Pour les évangéliques français, quels sont les enjeux de l’association avec leurs coreligionnaires aux États-Unis? Nous cherchons à fournir des réponses en nous appuyant sur une étude de terrain des églises évangéliques dans l’est de la France. Il en ressort que les États-Unis exercent effectivement une certaine influence, mais que celle-ci n’est ni prépondérante ni uniforme. Le plus souvent, lorsque les églises françaises établissent des liens avec des Américains, elles le font en fonction de leurs propres besoins dans le champ social français. Ainsi les évangéliques français ne sont pas de simples récepteurs d’influence, mais des acteurs sociaux à part entière. / The growth of evangelical Protestantism in France is a laboratory for analyzing the effects of globalization on religious identities. Even though their origins can often be traced to the Protestant Reformation in Europe itself, French evangelicals are today part of a world-wide movement where Americans play a leading role. What influence do American evangelicals really exert in France? What is at stake for French evangelicals who associate with their American coreligionists? Our study of evangelical churches in the east of France shows that the United States does indeed exert a certain influence, but it is neither preponderant nor uniform in nature. Most of the time, when French churches develop ties to Americans, they do so in function of their own needs within the French social field. French evangelicals are thus more than just receptors of influence, but social actors in the fullest sense.

This thesis concerns the issues of leadership in the African context, but it derives its emphasis from the stories in Daniel 1–6 in the Old Testament, in order to comment on leadership styles, competencies, skills and the state of leadership in Africa. It is a reading from a specific context, that of someone living in present times in the Republic of Chad. The research focused mainly on the following issues: What can we learn from the stories concerning leadership in Daniel 1–6? Who are the leaders in these chapters? What is the quality of their leadership? In trying to answer these questions, the researcher had to consider the following: How was the book read and interpreted in the past? How is it currently interpreted? Looking at past research, the focus fell on: (1) the pre-critical period, (2) the historical-critical period, and (3) the period in which modern literary studies abound. Following the research history a personal reading and interpretation of the stories in Daniel 1–6 are presented. A narrative analysis is carried out and the plots of the different stories are analysed according to the quinary scheme (the initial situation, the complication, transforming action, the denouement and the final situation). The focus falls on the narrator’s presentation of the main characters and what readers can learn from these stories about leadership. Although there is attention to how scholars in the past and present have interpreted the Book of Daniel, the researcher tries to present a new interpretation by carrying out a contextual reading focusing on leadership. This aspect did not receive much attention in previous research. What is gained by this reading is then applied to the situation in the modern Republic of Chad. First, there is a detailed study of current writing by scholars as well as what they are saying about leadership. Following this, the African and Chadian contexts are considered. The final chapter synthesises all the issues that have been discussed. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / D. Th. (Old Testament)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Breno Martins Campos.pdf: 1808092 bytes, checksum: 924beffaae55ecb4c71aacad09e530b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Women in review: a sociology of knowledge of the feminine in the Presbyterian Brazil (1994-2002) is a thesis with three sociological interests: knowledge, domination and religion. With its focus on the Presbyterian Church of Brazil, it searches to understand the reason why women are excluded from the positions legally stated of power and domination: the ordered office. Its historical cut is the transition from the 20th to 21st century, in which there were official attempts and an alto for alteration of denominational status quo. Two enterprises of constitutional reformation were proposed and debated in the competent councils in less than eight years, that included in the discussion the alteration of women statute in Presbyterian Church of Brazil, for her official space of actuation was amplified and her condition as a member equaled to the men s, with complete rights. The same historical period watched to a movement in which the puritan ethics and fundamentalist theology were used by the reactionary group to reaffirm the tradition and stop the opening of a new time, more feminine, dialogic and inclusive. Inheritance of the United States protestant missions of the 19th century for Brazilian churches, the puritan ethics proposes as a way of salvation a kind of active ascetic practices that deny the world at the same time in which fight for its transformation; the fundamentalism is the literalist Bible interpretation pattern that works for the arrest of the truth rather than to exclude dissent groups and people. The hermeneutical literalism forbids that biblical texts could be used in behalf of feminine ordering; the puritan ethics suggests or imposes to the women a proper space under to men, at home and in the church. The changing projects intended by the Presbyterian Church of Brazil high hierarchy, leaded by Rev. Guilhermino Cunha, were aborted, in dynamic peculiar to the function of religious field. In the very 21st century women cannot be pastors, elders or deacons in IPB: condition in such a flagrant contradiction with the democratic-representative system of government. The reading of official speeches of the denomination, by its journal, the Brasil Presbiteriano, and by Sociedade Auxiliadora Feminina s magazine, the SAF em Revista, allows to affirm that the Brazilian Presbyterian leaderships, masculine and feminine, at the doors of 21st century, opted for the permanence in the 20th century, or rather than, in 19th century. To open the 21st century, or to open itself to it, is the challenge for the contemporary Presbyterian Church of Brazil, specially to the women, in order that the religious institution promotes and amplifies the internal dialogue, inter-religious and with society, the first steps to the legitimate exercise of democracy, inclusion, fight against prejudice and discrimination, and for the establishment of an ethical project for all / Mulheres em revista: uma sociologia da compreensão do feminino no Brasil presbiteriano (1994-2002) é uma tese com triplo interesse sociológico: compreensão, dominação e religião. Com o foco direcionado para a Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil (IPB), busca compreender por que as mulheres são excluídas das posições legalmente estatuídas de poder e dominação: o oficialato ordenado. Ainda no calor da hora, seu recorte histórico é a passagem do século XX para o século XXI, na qual houve tentativas oficiais e pelo alto de alteração do status quo denominacional. Foram propostas e debatidas nos concílios competentes duas iniciativas de reforma constitucional em menos de oito anos, que incluíam na discussão a alteração do estatuto da mulher na IPB, para que seu espaço oficial de atuação fosse ampliado e sua condição de membro, igualada à do homem com plenos direitos. O mesmo período histórico assistiu a um movimento em que ética puritana e teologia fundamentalista foram utilizadas pelo grupo reacionário dos que detêm o poder na IPB para reafirmar a tradição e impedir a abertura de um novo tempo, mais feminino, dialógico e inclusivo. Herança das missões protestantes estadunidenses do século XIX para as igrejas brasileiras, a ética puritana propõe como caminho de salvação uma espécie de ascese ativa, que nega o mundo ao mesmo tempo em que luta pela sua transformação; o fundamentalismo é o modelo literalista de interpretação da Bíblia, que funciona pelo aprisionamento da verdade a excluir grupos e pessoas divergentes. O literalismo hermenêutico proíbe que textos bíblicos possam ser usados em favor da ordenação feminina; a ética puritana sugere ou impõe à mulher um espaço próprio e subordinado ao homem, na casa e na igreja. Os projetos de mudança pretendidos por parte da cúpula da IPB, Rev. Guilhermino Cunha à frente, foram abortados também pelo alto, em dinâmica própria ao funcionamento do campo religioso. Em pleno século XXI, as mulheres não podem ser pastoras, presbíteras ou diaconisas na IPB: condição em flagrante contradição com o autodenominado sistema democrático-representativo de governo. A leitura dos discursos oficiais da denominação, por meio de seu jornal, o Brasil Presbiteriano, e da revista da Sociedade Auxiliadora Feminina, a SAF em Revista, permite a afirmação de que as lideranças presbiterianas do Brasil, masculina e feminina, às portas do século XXI optaram pela permanência no século XX ou, antes disso, no século XIX. Abrir o século XXI, ou abrir-se para ele, é o desafio para IPB contemporânea, especialmente, para suas mulheres, a fim de que a instituição religiosa promova e amplie o diálogo interno, inter-religioso e com a sociedade, os primeiros passos para o exercício legítimo da democracia, inclusão, luta contra preconceito e discriminação, e para o estabelecimento de um projeto de ética para todos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Breno Martins Campos.pdf: 1808092 bytes, checksum: 924beffaae55ecb4c71aacad09e530b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Women in review: a sociology of knowledge of the feminine in the Presbyterian Brazil (1994-2002) is a thesis with three sociological interests: knowledge, domination and religion. With its focus on the Presbyterian Church of Brazil, it searches to understand the reason why women are excluded from the positions legally stated of power and domination: the ordered office. Its historical cut is the transition from the 20th to 21st century, in which there were official attempts and an alto for alteration of denominational status quo. Two enterprises of constitutional reformation were proposed and debated in the competent councils in less than eight years, that included in the discussion the alteration of women statute in Presbyterian Church of Brazil, for her official space of actuation was amplified and her condition as a member equaled to the men s, with complete rights. The same historical period watched to a movement in which the puritan ethics and fundamentalist theology were used by the reactionary group to reaffirm the tradition and stop the opening of a new time, more feminine, dialogic and inclusive. Inheritance of the United States protestant missions of the 19th century for Brazilian churches, the puritan ethics proposes as a way of salvation a kind of active ascetic practices that deny the world at the same time in which fight for its transformation; the fundamentalism is the literalist Bible interpretation pattern that works for the arrest of the truth rather than to exclude dissent groups and people. The hermeneutical literalism forbids that biblical texts could be used in behalf of feminine ordering; the puritan ethics suggests or imposes to the women a proper space under to men, at home and in the church. The changing projects intended by the Presbyterian Church of Brazil high hierarchy, leaded by Rev. Guilhermino Cunha, were aborted, in dynamic peculiar to the function of religious field. In the very 21st century women cannot be pastors, elders or deacons in IPB: condition in such a flagrant contradiction with the democratic-representative system of government. The reading of official speeches of the denomination, by its journal, the Brasil Presbiteriano, and by Sociedade Auxiliadora Feminina s magazine, the SAF em Revista, allows to affirm that the Brazilian Presbyterian leaderships, masculine and feminine, at the doors of 21st century, opted for the permanence in the 20th century, or rather than, in 19th century. To open the 21st century, or to open itself to it, is the challenge for the contemporary Presbyterian Church of Brazil, specially to the women, in order that the religious institution promotes and amplifies the internal dialogue, inter-religious and with society, the first steps to the legitimate exercise of democracy, inclusion, fight against prejudice and discrimination, and for the establishment of an ethical project for all / Mulheres em revista: uma sociologia da compreensão do feminino no Brasil presbiteriano (1994-2002) é uma tese com triplo interesse sociológico: compreensão, dominação e religião. Com o foco direcionado para a Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil (IPB), busca compreender por que as mulheres são excluídas das posições legalmente estatuídas de poder e dominação: o oficialato ordenado. Ainda no calor da hora, seu recorte histórico é a passagem do século XX para o século XXI, na qual houve tentativas oficiais e pelo alto de alteração do status quo denominacional. Foram propostas e debatidas nos concílios competentes duas iniciativas de reforma constitucional em menos de oito anos, que incluíam na discussão a alteração do estatuto da mulher na IPB, para que seu espaço oficial de atuação fosse ampliado e sua condição de membro, igualada à do homem com plenos direitos. O mesmo período histórico assistiu a um movimento em que ética puritana e teologia fundamentalista foram utilizadas pelo grupo reacionário dos que detêm o poder na IPB para reafirmar a tradição e impedir a abertura de um novo tempo, mais feminino, dialógico e inclusivo. Herança das missões protestantes estadunidenses do século XIX para as igrejas brasileiras, a ética puritana propõe como caminho de salvação uma espécie de ascese ativa, que nega o mundo ao mesmo tempo em que luta pela sua transformação; o fundamentalismo é o modelo literalista de interpretação da Bíblia, que funciona pelo aprisionamento da verdade a excluir grupos e pessoas divergentes. O literalismo hermenêutico proíbe que textos bíblicos possam ser usados em favor da ordenação feminina; a ética puritana sugere ou impõe à mulher um espaço próprio e subordinado ao homem, na casa e na igreja. Os projetos de mudança pretendidos por parte da cúpula da IPB, Rev. Guilhermino Cunha à frente, foram abortados também pelo alto, em dinâmica própria ao funcionamento do campo religioso. Em pleno século XXI, as mulheres não podem ser pastoras, presbíteras ou diaconisas na IPB: condição em flagrante contradição com o autodenominado sistema democrático-representativo de governo. A leitura dos discursos oficiais da denominação, por meio de seu jornal, o Brasil Presbiteriano, e da revista da Sociedade Auxiliadora Feminina, a SAF em Revista, permite a afirmação de que as lideranças presbiterianas do Brasil, masculina e feminina, às portas do século XXI optaram pela permanência no século XX ou, antes disso, no século XIX. Abrir o século XXI, ou abrir-se para ele, é o desafio para IPB contemporânea, especialmente, para suas mulheres, a fim de que a instituição religiosa promova e amplie o diálogo interno, inter-religioso e com a sociedade, os primeiros passos para o exercício legítimo da democracia, inclusão, luta contra preconceito e discriminação, e para o estabelecimento de um projeto de ética para todos