The purpose of this study is to see how five different local radio stations, P4, within the public service organization Sveriges Radio communicate with their listeners through Facebook and how they differ from each other. We have also studied how the radio stations follow Sveriges Radios’ policies for socialmedia usage and how the communication through Facebook can benefit thetraditional radio. Our study contains a combination of quantitative content analysis with qualitative interviews. We studied the five stations’ Facebook pages from for the quantitative content analysis and interviewed those who were responsible for the social media pages, such as web editors and channel managers. Our conclusions are that the P4-stations communicate through Facebook to create a dialogue with the listeners and to reach two-way communication; the stations published mostly written updates that encouraged interactivity. The P4-stations work coherently with their Facebook pages although some differences have been detected. The stations strategies match overall the guidelines for social media usage in the handbook published by Sveriges Radio. Facebook can be used to reach new target groups for the traditionalradio channel, as well as immerse the relationship between the existing loyal listeners and the radio station.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur medielogik och public service-värdena uttrycks i SVT:s partiledarutfrågning hösten 2010. En totalundersökning i form av kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys är gjord av samtliga partiledarutfrågningar som sändes i SVT veckorna före valet, samt respektive partis valmanifest. Fyra frågor mättes först kvantitativt och analyserades därefter kvalitativt med utgångspunkt i vilka medborgargrupper som synliggörs, hur partiledarnas privata angelägenheter exponeras, hur valmanifestens innehåll överensstämmer med de teman som journalisterna tar upp i utfrågningarna, samt regeringsbildningskomplikationer och samarbetssvårigheter av olika slag. I den kvantitativa analysen framkom att konsumentperspektivet dominerar, men skillnaden är stor i de olika partiledarutfrågningarna. Den personliga exponeringen av partiledarna ger minst utrymme åt dåvarande statsministerkandidaterna Fredrik Reinfeldt (m) och Mona Sahlin (s), men även åt Maud Olofsson (c). Valmanifestens överensstämmelse med de journalistiska frågeställningarna visade på stora skillnader mellan de olika partiledarutfrågningarna. Mest kommunikationsutrymme åt komplikationer ges med det Rödgröna blocket (och då främst de mindre partierna Miljöpartiet och Vänsterpartiet.) Resultaten av vår undersökning är varierande, beroende på vilken frågeställning det gäller. Delar av public service-värdet verkar ha haft olika stor genomslagskraft hos de större partierna jämfört med de mindre partierna gällande konsekvenserna för de enskilda fallen och partiets politik. Ett återkommande tema är skildringen av politik som att den tar ifrån människor något snarare än att politiken tillför människor något. Ett annat drag vi har noterat är att medborgaren framställs som offer för något (nya bensinpriset, sjukförsäkringen, gymnasiereformen…) I ett samhälle som får allt större problem att engagera medborgarna i det politiska livet, kan det vara av värde att fråga sig hur stort ansvar medierna har för detta. Poängteras bör slutligen att de resultat vi kommer fram till inte ska refereras till journalistiken som profession, utan snarare belysa vikten av att en medveten strategi behövs för att lyfta fram de krafter som strävar mot medielogikens komponenter i form av polarisering, konkretisering och förenkling. / This essay examines how media logic and public service values are expressed in the SVT party leaders hearing fall of 2010. A comprehensive study in the form of quantitative and qualitative content analysis was made by all party leaders hearings broadcast on SVT weeks before the election, and each party's election manifesto. Four questions were measured primary quantitatively, and were then assayed qualitatively on the basis of the civic groups that are made visible, how the party leaders' private affairs are exposed, how the manifesto contents are consistent with the journalistic issues during the hearings, and government complications and cooperation difficulties of various kinds. The quantitative analysis indicated that consumer perspective dominates, but the difference is large in the various party leaders hearings. The personal exposure of the party leaders will have the least room for the then prime minister candidates Fredrik Reinfeldt (m) and Mona Sahlin (s), but also to Maud Olofsson (c). Manifesto conformity with the journalistic issues showed significant differences between the various party leaders hearings. Most communications space to complications are exposed with the Rödgröna blocket (and particularly the smaller parties, Miljöpartiet and Vänsterpartiet.) The results of our study are varied, depending on the issue in question. Components of the public service value seems to have a greater impact in the major parties compared to the smaller parties regarding the consequences for the individual cases and party policies. An overall theme is the presentation of policy that it takes away something from people rather than it adds. Another feature we have noticed is that the people were presented as victims of something (new price of gasoline, health insurance, upper secondary school reform ...) In a society of growing problems with involving the citizens in the political life, it may be useful to ask how much responsibility the media has of this. Finally it should be pointed out, that the results we arrive at should not be referred to journalism as a profession, but rather emphasize the necessity of a planned strategy to highlight the forces that strive to media logic components in the form of polarization, concretization and simplification.

Hela mediebranschen är idag inne i ständigt pågående förändringsprocess. Alla medieorganisationer, såväl på global nivå som på lokal nivå, påverkas på ett eller annat sätt och måste ta ställning till hur de ska agera i förändringarna. Att utforma hållbara strategier för något som är i ständig förändring är dock inte helt okomplicerat.      I den här studien har fyra värmländska medieorganisationers förhållningssätt till strategier i förändringsprocesser undersökts. Två av dem, Nya Wermlands-Tidningen och TV4 Värmland, är kommersiellt drivna, medan två av dem verkar för public service, nämligen Sveriges Televisions Värmlandsnytt och Sveriges Radio Värmland. Dessa organisationer har valts ut för att det kan vara intressant att se hur det ser ut på lokal nivå, samt om synen på strategier i förändring skiljer sig åt beroende på om de verkar kommersiellt eller inte.      För att besvara syftet med studien har två delstudier genomförts, dels en kvalitativ samtalsintervju, där en person i ledningen på respektive medieorganisation har intervjuats och dels en mindre kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen fungerar bara som ett komplement till samtalsintervjuerna, som är den huvudsakliga metoden i denna studie.      Resultatet av den empiriska studien visar att det finns uppenbara skillnader i vad de värmländska medieorganisationerna anser är avgörande i deras förändring och vad som påverkar deras strategiska arbete. Informanterna på de kommersiellt drivna Nya Wermlands-Tidningen och TV4 Värmland menar att publikens intresse är avgörande, medan de på Sveriges Televisions Värmlandsnytt och Sveriges Radio Värmland är mer inne på att direktiv från regering och riksdag är mest avgörande. / The entire media industry is at the moment in a constantly ongoing process of change. All media organizations, both at global level and at local level, are affected in one way or another, and must consider how to act in the changes. Designing sustainable strategies for something that is constantly changing isn’t easy at all.      In this study, the approach to strategies in change at four local media organizations has been studied. Two of them, Nya Wermlands-Tidningen and TV4 Värmland, are commercially driven, while two of them are working for public service. Those two are Sveriges Televisions Värmlandsnytt and Sveriges Radio Värmland. These organizations have been selected since it seems to be interesting to study the phenomenon at local level and to investigate if there are any differences in their views on strategies in change, depending on whether they are commercially driven or not.      To respond to the purpose of this study, two separate studies were implemented, one qualitative interview study, where one member of the management at each media organization has been interview and one minor qualitative content analysis study. The function of the qualitative content analysis is to complement the interviews. The qualitative interview is the main methodology in this study.      The result of the empirical study shows that there are clear differences in what the local media organizations believe is essential in their change and what influences their strategic work. The informants of the commercially driven organizations, Nya Wermlands-Tidningen and TV4 Värmland, believe that the interest of the audience is essential, while the informants of Sveriges Televisions Värmlandsnytt and Sveriges Radio Värmland believe that regulations from the Swedish government and the Swedish parliament is the most essential factor.

I ett samhälle där podcasts blir allt mer populärt är det intressant att forska kring podcastens utveckling och hur en privatägd podcast kan skilja sig mellan en podcast som producerats av en public service radiokanal som behandlar samma ämne. I denna analys jämförs P3 spel och Spela spel som båda handlar om tv- och dataspel för att se om det finns några skillnader i deras struktur, ämnesfokusering och intervjuteknik.  Fyra intervjuer och två diskussioner valdes ut ur sex olika avsnitt och transkriberades för att sedan analyseras med hjälp av diskursanalys. Även klockmodellen (Åberg, 2012) användes för att kartlägga avsnittens struktur och tematisering för att undersöka intervjuteknik, ämnesfokusering och språk. Resultatet av analysen visar att det finns både likheter och olikheter mellan dessa två podcasts. Public servicediskursen märks tydligt i P3 spel eftersom den är mer ämnesfokuserad och har en mer professionell ton. I sina intervjuer låter podcastvärdarna sina gäster tala till punkt innan de ställer en ämnesfokuserad följdfråga. I Spela spel råder istället en oberoende diskurs där det är en mer personlig ton som tillåter podcastvärdarna att byta ämne och även avbryta under intervjuerna. Det blir mer av en diskussion även när de har gäster i studion vilket bidrar till den personliga känslan eftersom det för en lyssnare blir som att lyssna till ett samtal än en intervju. När det gällde språk använde sig båda podcasterna av fackord som kan vara svåra för lyssnare som inte är insatta i speldiskursen att förstå, men överlag var P3 spel mer inbjudande i sina samtal genom att undvika eller förklara fackord. / In a community where podcasts are becoming increasingly popular, it is interesting to research the podcast development and how a privately-owned podcast can differ from a podcast produced by a public service radio channel. In this analysis, we compare “P3 spel” to “Spela spel”, both of which are about tv- and computer games, to see if there are any differences in their structure, subject focus and interview technique. Four interviews and two discussions were selected from six different episodes and transcribed, then analyzed using discourse analysis as a method. The clock model (Åberg, 2012) was also used to chart the episodes structure and thematization to investigate interviewing techniques, subject focus and language. The public service discourse is clearly visible in P3 spel because it is more subject-focused and has a more professional tone. In their interviews, the podcast hosts let their guests speak until they are finished before they ask another question. In Spela spel, there is an independent discourse where there is a more personal tone that allows the podcast hosts to change topics and also interrupt during the interviews. It becomes more of a discussion even when they have guests in the studio, which contributes to the personal atmosphere, because it feels like listening to a conversation rather than a recorded podcast. In the case of languages, both podcasts used to use words that could be difficult for listeners who are not familiar with the game course to understand, but overall, P3 games were more inviting in their conversations by avoiding or explaining trade words.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur jämställdheten mellan kvinnor och män ter sig i svensk och finsk public service-tv. För att komma fram till våra resultat har vi gjort en kvantitativ och kvalitativ analys av  nyhetsinslag från SVT och YLE. Våra frågeställningar handlade om hur många män och kvinnor som syns i nyhetsinslagen, hur de framställs och om det finns “manliga” eller “kvinnliga” ämnen. I vår analys har vi använt oss av genusteori, dagordningsteori och gestaltningsteori. Vi kom fram till att fler män än kvinnor kom fram på både SVT och YLE och att det fanns ämnen som var mer “kvinnliga” och “manliga”. Det kom även fram fler kvinnor på YLE än SVT. Vi har dragit slutsatsen att det fortfarande inte är jämställt. / The purpose of this study was to analyze how the gender equality gets represented in swedish and finnish public service television. To discover this we have done a quantitative and a qualitative analysis of news reports from SVT and YLE. Our research questions were about how many men and women are shown in the news reports, how they are portrayed and if there are “male” and “female” news topics. In our analysis we have used gender theory, agenda setting theory and framing theory. We found out that there are more men than women shown in both SVT and YLE and that there were tendencies of “male” and “female” news topics. There were also more women in YLE than SVT. We’ve come to the conclusion that it’s still not equal.

Aujourd'hui, RSE et Service Public dont les logiques prétendent servir l'intérêt général imprègnent le management des grands services publics de réseaux historiques français privatisés ou en voie de l'être. La recherche présentée vise à comprendre comment ces logiques s'opposent, se juxtaposent, et s'articulent concrètement dans un tel contexte managérial dominé par la logique de Maximisation de la Valeur pour l'Actionnaire.Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons le concept de dispositif forgé par Foucault ainsi que la sociologie de l'acteur réseau. Nous nous centrons sur le cas de l'entreprise France Télécom (FT) et de son dispositif RSE en y apportant quelques éclairages comparatifs.Nos résultats indiquent que chez FT le dispositif RSE officiel se déploie en se détachant des logiques de Service Public et en privilégiant le Business Case. Il poursuit prioritairement des objectifs de communication et d'anticipation des risques. Mais de manière décentralisée et autonome, émergent progressivement des initiatives RSE innovantes qui reposent sur la R&D, le Marketing stratégique et les partenariats avec les principaux fournisseurs. Elles visent la protection de l'environnement, le Service Public par procuration (en fournissant aux services publics des prestations leur permettant de mieux assurer leurs missions), et le dépassement de la fracture numérique, en même temps que la profitabilité. Dans le domaine social cependant, la RSE s'incarne surtout à travers des politiques de diversité (en interne) et de contrôle de la chaine d'approvisionnement pour éviter des violations majeures des droits de l'homme, ne touchant guère le cœur de la relation d'emploi, à moins que les contre-pouvoirs ne s'en emparent, comme nous le montrons dans l'étude du cas de l'Accord Cadre International sur les droits sociaux fondamentaux au travail de FT. / Today, Corporate Social Responsibility and Public Service logics, claiming to serve the general interest, are spreading within the management of for-profit public service networks in France; networks that have been historically privatized or on the way to becoming. The aim of this research is to bring an understanding to how these logics are opposed, juxtaposed and articulated in a managerial context that is dominated by a logic of maximized shareholder value.In this perspective, we rely on the notion of “device”, as employed by Foucault, and the actor-network theory. We focus on the France Telecom company (FT) and its CSR “device(s)”. We also use comparative insights drawn from additional case studies.Our results indicate that the official CSR “device” for FT is disconnected from public service logics, placing more importance on short term logics. Its priority is risk anticipation and communication, demonstrating FTs preference for the CSR Business Case. Nevertheless, in a decentralized and autonomous way, innovative CSR initiatives progressively emerge from within R&D, strategic marketing functions and strategic partnerships with key suppliers. These initiatives target profitability with environmental protection concerns, public service by proxy (providing benefits to utility services to help them better perform their missions) and digital divide overtake. However, in the social area, the FT CSR policy is embodied primarily through internal policies of diversity as well as control of the supply chain which was put in place to avoid major human rights violations. These policies seem to hardly touch the heart of the employment relationship, unless counter-powers seize the opportunity to do so, as shown through the case study concerning the International Framework Agreement on the fundamental social rights at work in FT.

Den eviga debatten kring public service roll i svensk demokrati har under vintern blossat upp rejält på nytt i och med Sverigedemokraternas utspel om att kalla in bolagens chefer till Kulturutskottet och Linus Bylunds uttalanden om att straffa partiska och osakliga journalister. Denna studie syftar till att utröna vad Sverigedemokraternas vision för public service är och hur den förhåller sig till övriga politiska partier, det förvaltningsrättsliga systemet och normativa teorier om medier. Studien undersöker detta genom en kvalitativ textanalys som inledningsvis fokuserar på Sverigedemokraternas vision av public service för att därefter även gå vidare och undersöka public service ur de tre andra perspektiven i syfte att ta reda ta reda på hur Sverigedemokraternas vision förhåller sig till dessa. Analysen ger för handen att den Sverigedemokratiska visionen – i komprimerat format – handlar om ett public service-bolag som i grunden behövs för att fylla viktiga funktioner i termer av demokrati och samhällsnytta som marknaden inte kan tillhandahålla. Bolaget ska ha ett grundläggande samhällsuppdrag och ett brett kulturuppdrag med storslagna svenska dramaproduktioner. Bolaget ska ha ett högt förtroende bland allmänheten, vara underställd omfattande granskning och bedriva ett extensivt nordiskt samarbete. Till en av de mest intressanta kontrasterna som uppstår kan nämnas hur det hos Sverigedemokraternas ledamot i förvaltningsstiftelsen, Linus Bylund, går att se likheter med det normativa sovjet-kommunistiska perspektivet. Det framgår även att Bylund konsekvent ger uttryck för en mer radikal och kollektivistisk linje jämfört med partiet. Detta är något som väcker stora frågor kring huruvida detta är att anse som en mer oslipad version av partiets syn på public service eller om Bylund driver public service i en egen riktning. / The perpetual debate concerning the role of public service broadcasting in Sweden has once again resurfaced. This time as a result of the Sweden Democrat’s request to summon the directors of the public service companies to the Parliament’s Committee on Cultural Affairs and Linus Bylund’s comments about punishing biased and unobjective journalists. The aim of this study is to examine the Sweden Democrat’s vision for public service broadcasting and how it relates to other political parties, administrative law and normative theory. The study examines this by a qualitative analysis of a wide range of documents including parliamentary bills, broadcasting licenses and academic literature containing normative media theories. The analysis shows that the Sweden Democrat’s vision – in summary – is about a public service company needed for fulfilling important functions in terms of democracy and public welfare that the private market is not capable of providing. The company shall have a basic societal mission and a wide cultural mission with grand productions of Swedish drama. The company shall have high trust among the public, be under comprehensive scrutiny and conduct an extensive Nordic cooperation. One of the most interesting findings when comparing the different perspectives is the similarities between Linus Bylund, who is the Sweden Democrats commissioner in the foundation that owns the public service companies, and the normative Sovjet-communist perspective. It is also apparent that Bylund seems to be constituting a more radical and collectivistic view compared to the party. This raises questions as to whether this is a cruder version of the party’s view or if Bylund is moving Swedish public service broadcasting in a direction of his own.

Detta är en kvantitativ undersökning om svenskars förtroende för svenska nyhetsmedier och hurderas användning av dessa ser ut under Covid-19 pandemin. Studien ämnar ta reda påskillnaderna mellan svenskars förtroende för och användning av public service baserade i densocialt ansvarstagande ideologin, och kommersiella medier baserade i den frihetliga ideologin. Demedier som representerar public service är SVT och SR, medan de som representerar dekommersiella medierna är TV4, DN och Aftonbladet. Studien bygger på svar från 300respondenter som hittade enkäten via Facebook. Resultatet av studien visade att respondenternauppger högre förtroende för public service-medierna än för de kommersiella medierna.Förtroende och nyttjande under kris för respektive medier skiljer sig inte särskilt mycket, demarginella skillnader som visar sig i förändring innan och under kris är så pass små att det heltenkelt kan bero på slumpen. / This is a quantitative study of the Swedes' trust in Swedish news media and how the respondent’susage of the same media is viewed during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study aims to find out thedifferences between Swedes' trust in public service which is based on the socially responsibleideology, and commercial media which is based on the freedom ideology. The mediarepresenting public service are SVT and SR, while those representing the commercial media areTV4, DN and Aftonbladet. The study is based on answers from 300 respondents who found thesurvey via Facebook. The results of the study showed that the respondents indicated higherconfidence in the public service media than in the commercial media. The trust and utilizationduring crisis for the respective media are not very different, the marginal differences that changebefore and during the crisis are so small that it could simply be due to chance.

Competitive Intelligence (CI) has become increasingly important for organisations in the private sector, or profit-making organisations, because the level and intensity of competition has increased in recent years. This increase in the level and intensity of competition has also affected the public sector, or non-profit-making organisations, such as Public Service departments. In South Africa, the Public Service departments have undergone significant changes, in order to rectify the injustices of the past. Despite much progress, it is noticed that government does not have sufficient capacity to deliver and sustain a quality service to its citizens. It is further noted that improved service delivery cannot be implemented by issuing of circulars only, and it is not just an administrative activity, instead it is a dynamic process and to do this, Public Service managers require new management tools. The Department of Home Affairs (DHA) was chosen as the case study Public Service department for this study. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how competitive intelligence tools and techniques could be implemented in Public Service departments in South Africa to enhance the delivery of services. This aim was established during this study by addressing the following issues: • Identifying how CI tools and techniques could contribute to the functioning of the Public Service sector. The study outlined the benefits of CI for public service organisations and focussed on several tools and techniques that could be used. Most of these tools and techniques were not used in DHA. • Assessing the current state of Public Service delivery in South Africa. It became evident from the study that the Public Service sector and in particular DHA was experiencing several problems in terms of achieving its service delivery mandate. The Department lacked structured and formal frameworks, policies and strategies for conducting its operations. The organisation was viewed to have many unskilled and de-motivated staff. The current state of service delivery in South Africa also revealed disturbing findings of corruption, fraud, nepotism, and extreme despair in staff that had to work in these conditions. • Identifying gaps in the Public Service current strategies for service delivery. It was established that DHA does not use reliable techniques and methods when conducting its strategic planning. Furthermore, staff lacked the competencies, skills and experience to assist in strategic planning. The existing strategic plan for DHA does not address the future desires of the organisation and can be regarded as a plan to address the immediate issues of the organisation only. • Identifying the forms of competition that impact service delivery in Public Service departments in South Africa. Several forms of competition were encountered at DHA. These forms of competition can be divided into three different areas namely internal competition in DHA, external competition and left field competition. The information about these forms of competition was not readily available to managers and decision makers therefore appropriate actions could not be taken to counteract the impact of the competition on service delivery. • Identifying initiatives adopted by Public Service departments to improve service delivery. It was evident from the study that while the new initiatives being implemented by DHA to improve service delivery would be able to, and in some cases, have already had a positive impact on the operating and service delivery environment, several concerns were also identified. • Designing a new CI related framework for gathering and analysing information that can be used in all Public Service departments in South Africa to improve service delivery. From the empirical investigations it became evident that no single CI tool or technique would have been able to address the situation at DHA, therefore, a combination of tools was necessary. These tools were depicted in a CI framework that DHA could use to gather and analyse information for decision making and service delivery. • Suggesting proposed solutions and recommendations that can assist Public Service departments in South Africa in improving its service delivery. It was evident that CI can contribute towards the enhancement of decision making and service delivery not only in DHA but also in all other Public Service departments in South Africa. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Information Science / unrestricted

Public service broadcasting is a longstanding broadcasting institution in Sweden. Being the most consumed and highly trusted media broadcasting institution on the market, it suffers both challenges and acclaim. It has become a highly politized matter. For the first time since its founding, trust and attitudes towards the public service broadcasting companies are starting to slowly dwindle and are being questioned. Representatives from parliament parties are calling for abolishment and restructuring, and the consumers are abandoning the public service broadcasting channels for commercial competitors. This is especially noticeable amongst youth. The aim of the study is to identify and analyse what factors can be relevant for understanding attitudes towards public service broadcasting. With a theoretical background in Markus Prior’s post-broadcast democracy, James G. Webster and Thomas B. Ksiazek’s audience fragmentation theory, and Strömbäck’s definition of media trust, a theoretical framework regarding consumption and factors concerning attitudes was constructed. Through this, the value of a public service broadcasting system could be charted, and consumer attitudes be understood.   The study consists of data from a nationwide survey. The data was analysed with binary logistic regression analysis, performed on two samples, one representing the Swedish population at large, and one representing youth. This to observe whether or not there were any differences between what factors constitute trust and positive attitudes towards public service broadcasting. Main findings include that youth is much less politically polarised than the population at large. Factors such as education, gender, and regularly consuming public service broadcasting content were also shown to be significant for attitude formation. From this, I could derive that the Swedish population, despite increased polarisation, still has very high levels of trust in, and positive sentiments towards the public service broadcasting company SVT.