Neste trabalho são apresentados: diagnóstico do sistema de transporte coletivo do município de Piedade, plano de racionalização e modernização do sistema e características desejáveis das empresas operadoras para que o serviço seja realizado com custo baixo. O diagnóstico contemplou os seguintes aspectos: qualidade do serviço, custo e impacto na área comercial central. Na avaliação da qualidade foram utilizados os padrões de referência constantes da literatura técnica e os resultados de pesquisas de opinião dos usuários. Na análise de custos foram feitas simulações considerando os casos de empresas operadoras com diferentes características. Na análise do impacto na área comercial central foram focados o trânsito de veículos e pedestres e a comodidade dos usuários durante a espera e o embarque nos coletivos. Os seguintes principais pontos negativos foram observados no diagnóstico: existência de sérios problemas no trânsito e na comodidade dos usuários na área central, falta de pontualidade no cumprimento dos horários, ônibus em mau estado de conservação (no caso de uma das empresas operadoras), pontos sem sinalização e sem abrigos, falta de integração tarifária, etc. As seguintes principais ações foram propostas no plano de racionalização e modernização: implantação de uma Estação Central de transporte coletivo na área central, alteração do trajeto dos ônibus na região central, sinalização padronizada de todos os pontos de parada, instalação de abrigos com bancos para sentar nos pontos mais movimentados, melhoria do nível de pontualidade, melhoria das condições de conservação da frota de ônibus (no caso de uma das empresas operadoras), etc. Uma conclusão relevante depreendida da análise econômica do serviço é que para a operação ser realizada com custo baixo é desejável que as empresas operadoras tenham economia de escala, o que significa também operarem o transporte escolar público e, se possível, outras modalidades de transporte. / This research presents: diagnosis of public transportation system in the city of Piedade, rationalization and modernization plan of the system and desirable characteristics of the operating companies for performing a service with low cost. The diagnosis included the following aspects: quality of service, cost and impact in commercial centre area. In the evaluation of quality they were used the standard patterns contained in the technical literature and the results from the users opinion. In the cost analysis they were made simulations considering the cases of operating companies with different characteristics. In the analysis of the impact in commercial centre they were focused the flow of vehicles and pedestrians and the comfort of users during the waiting time and boarding in the buses. Some negative points were observed in diagnosis that is important to be mentioned: there are substantial problems in traffic and comfort of users in commercial centre, lack of punctuality at schedules, bad conditions of buses (in the case of only one company), bus stops without signaling and sheds, lack of tariff integration, and so on. The following main actions were proposed in the plan of rationalization and modernization: implementation of a public transportation Central Station in the central area of Piedade, change the route of buses in central area, standardized signaling of all bus stops, installing sheds with benches in the busiest bus stops, improving the standard of punctuality, improved storage conditions of the bus fleet (in the case of only one company), and so on. A relevant conclusion observed from the economic analysis of service is that: for the operation to be performed at low cost is desirable that the operating companies have economies of scale, which also means operate the transportation of students of public school and, if possible, other modes of transport.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo a respeito dos acidentes de trânsito envolvendo o transporte público urbano por ônibus e objetiva, principalmente, a relação dos acidentes versus comportamento dos condutores. Os dados utilizados, a partir do estudo de caso realizado na cidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP, têm duas origens: dados da operação do sistema (quantidade de horas operadas, quilometragem e frota) e dados gerados pelo monitoramento por câmeras. Este último tem como principais variáveis o comportamento dos condutores durante a condução dos veículos. Através de índices de exposição, utilizando as variáveis da operação do sistema, juntamente com os acidentes por linha, foi possível identificar quais as linhas com piores indicadores, ou seja, quais linhas merecem maior atenção na criação de intervenções ou campanhas para redução do número de acidentes. Foram tratados aproximadamente 72 mil dados e a partir dos dados extraídos e processados estatisticamente para obtenção das variáveis mais significativas com relação aos acidentes. A variável com maior peso foi a utilização de telefones celulares durante a condução e que tem alta utilização nos horários de pico, da ordem de 53% dos eventos ocorrem em horários de maior movimento de passageiros e de tráfego intenso. O tempo de utilização do celular durante a condução do ônibus é majoritariamente maior que 5 minutos, ou seja, 33% dos eventos mostram que os condutores utilizam o telefone celular por mais de 5 minutos. Criou-se uma taxonomia do comportamento dos condutores, baseando-se, principalmente, no banco de dados e tem como função instituir uma base teórica dos comportamentos, ajudando a descrevê-los e entendê-los. É dessa maneira que a segunda variável foi discutida. O avanço do sinal amarelo, com nível de significância alta, não representa em sua totalidade um comportamento decidido (decisões conscientes do condutor), mas algumas vezes comportamento involuntário (falhas e lapsos). Essa distinção de comportamento decidido ou involuntário é complexa, mas sabemos que decisões conscientes são mais frequentes. Este trabalho identificou quais as linhas que necessitam de intervenções e quais os problemas com o comportamento dos condutores, direcionando o operador do sistema de transporte às campanhas necessárias para redução dos acidentes, ou mesmo possibilitando outras empresas a replicarem as análises para a sua realidade operacional. / This work presents a study about the traffic accidents involving urban public transport by bus and objective, especially the relation of accidents versus driver behavior. The data used from the case study in the city of Ribeirão Preto, have two sources: System operation data (number of operated hours, mileage and fleet) and data generated by the monitoring camera system. The latter\'s main variables driver behavior while driving the vehicle. Through levels of exposure, using the system operating variables, along with accidents per line, it was possible to identify lines with worse indicators, or which lines deserve close attention in setting up operations or campaigns to reduce the number of accidents. Approximately 72,000 data were treated and statistically processed to obtain the most significant variables in relation to accidents. The most significant variable was the use of mobile phones while driving and which has high utilization during peak hours, the order of 53% of events occur when there is a large number of passengers and traffic jam. The utilization of the cellphone while driving the bus is overwhelmingly greater than 5 minutes, i.e., 33% of the events showed that drivers use the mobile phone for more than 5 minutes. Has been created drivers behavior taxonomy, based mainly in the database and with aim to establish a theoretical basis of bus drivers behavior, helping to describe and understand them. This is how the second significant variable was discussed. The advance of the yellow sign is not totally a decided behavior (conscious decisions of the driver), but sometimes involuntary behavior (failures and lapses). This decided or involuntary behavior distinction is complex, but we know that conscious decisions are more frequent. This work identified which lines needed intervention and what are the problems with the behavior of drivers, orienting the operator of the transportation system to needed campaigns to reduce accidents, or even allowing other companies to replicate the analysis to their operational reality.

[pt] A presente pesquisa se desenvolve através da reflexão teórico-conceitual tendo por objetivo examinar conceitos aparentemente díspares como: segregação sócio-espacial e centralização/descentralização das atividades comerciais e de serviços como sendo gerados no mesmo contexto, a saber, no processo de acumulação do capital que, através de várias estratégias engendradas por agentes e classes sociais, com os seus interesses econômicos e políticos, são espacializadas na forma de diferenciações, ou melhor, desigualdades. Tem por objetivo não só demonstrar a mesma origem para estes processos mencionados como também a possibilidade de trabalhar com eles de forma dialética a fim de promover o entendimento de recortes espaciais, tendo como exemplo Campo Grande, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, bairro que se encontra segregado e, ao mesmo tempo, figura como um dos importantes subcentros da cidade carioca. O trabalho examina a oferta do transporte público como um dos elementos estruturadores do espaço urbano e sua influência nos citados processos e no planejamento urbano percebido como uma representação do espaço e utilizado como instrumento mantenedor do status quo. Discorre sobre a dinâmica da produção social do espaço relacionando os mencionados processos, o transporte público e o planejamento urbano desde o período que corresponde à década de 1990 até a presente data. Para tal utiliza o arcabouço teórico conceitual ligado à idéia de produção social do espaço ao ressaltar o espaço relacional como um resultado da dialética das diversas dimensões, aspectos, escalas de interações redundando numa produção impregnada de intencionalidades, conflitos, interesses, contradições e política. / [en] The present research is developed through theoretical-concepcional reflections, aiming to examine apparently disparate concepts such as: socialspatial segregation and centralization/decentralization of commercial activities and services, generated in the same context, namely: in the process of capital accumulation that, by divers engendered strategies by agents and social classes with their economical and political interests, are spaciously divided by differentiations or better by inequalities. The aim of this study is not only to demonstrate the same origin of the above-mentioned processes, but to show the possibility to work with them in a dialectic form, promoting the understanding of spatial outlines as it is the example of the neighborhood Campo Grande in Rio de Janeiro, the part of the city which finds itself segregated and at the same time is figuring as one of the important Sub-centers of the carioca city. It examines the offer of public transport as one of the structural elements of urban space and its influence with the cited processes above and the urban planning as a representation of urban space used as instrument of status quo maintenance. It takes effect on the dynamic of social space production relating the mentioned processes, the public transport and the urban planning since the period, which correspond to the decade of 1990 until today. For this, it uses the theoretical and conceptual framework of social space production emphasizing the related space as a dialectical result of divers dimension, aspects, and interaction scales, resulting in a production deeply influenced by intentionally acting, conflicts, interests, contradictions and politics.

Due to plans of reconstructing the local public transport stop in front of the railway station in Norrköping, southern Sweden, a simulation model was created to compare the current stop design with an alternative design. The micro simulation model was created with the simulation software Aimsun and includes scenarios based on the current traffic situation as well as future scenarios including assumptions for the future demand growth. While creating the alternative design, which provides a second lane for overtaking, several limitations in Aimsun were recognized and modifications were required to create simulation behaviour as close to reality as possible. Due to the software limitations the simulation results for the alternative design showed slightly higher results and made it difficult to make explicit comparisons of the output values. Nevertheless the output data indicated that both design layouts include remaining capacity of the public transport stop.

The purpose of this research is to study how the environmental design on the bus and safety is managed in Uppsala, Sweden, and to thereafter analyze this by using the crime prevention theory/method crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Both features that currently exist on the bus and possible future improvements were investigated. To do this, an observation of the physical environment of the inside of a bus and six interviews, both with people responsible for safety on the bus in Uppsala and bus drivers, were executed. By analyzing possible crime preventing features on the bus, conclusions could be drawn. The characteristics of the bus were, to a large extent, promoted through CPTED. It was also possible to identify which elements that contribute safety, and to evaluate possible future improvements through CPTED. Out of these improvements, installation of CCTV, strengthening bus passengers' role to act and interfere when a crime is committed and extend the number of security guards and ticket collectors on the bus would, with support in CPTED, work to lower the level of crime on the bus. However, some of the possible future interventions were identified to contradict CPTED.

Lorsque surviennent des risques naturels, les dommages aux systèmes urbains représentent habituellement des conséquences économiques et sociales importantes. Parmi eux, les systèmes de transport guidé restent aujourd'hui particulièrement vulnérables notamment face au risque inondation. Par ailleurs, le concept de résilience connait d’importants développements dans le domaine de la gestion des risques naturels. La résilience peut se définir comme la capacité d’un système à absorber une perturbation et à récupérer ses fonctions à la suite de celle-ci.L’objectif de la thèse est d’étudier la vulnérabilité et la résilience des systèmes de transport guidé face au risque inondation à partir d’une analyse des mécanismes de défaillance. Ces systèmes sont assimilables à des systèmes hautement compliqués avec de multiples interdépendances entre les éléments. Etudier ces interdépendances, dans le cas d’une inondation, permet une approche comparative des trois configurations traditionnelles d’implantation d’un système de transport guidé~: en souterrain, en surface et en aérien.Cette démarche qualitative est combinée à une modélisation probabiliste, basée sur l’utilisation des réseaux bayésiens, du système soumis à un risque inondation. La thèse présente la démarche construite qui rend possible~: l’élaboration d’une approche globale c’est-à-dire de l’occurrence de l’aléa avec ses caractéristiques données d’intensité~; l’identification des dommages matériels directs~; l’identification des dommages matériels indirects c’est-à-dire ceux occasionnés par des effets domino~; la déduction des conséquences fonctionnelles c’est-à-dire les modes de fonctionnement dégradé du système relatif à son exploitation / The vulnerability of guided transport systems facing natural hazards is a burning issue for the urban risks management. Experience feedbacks on guided transport systems show they are particularly vulnerable to natural risks, especially flood risks. Besides, the resilience concept is used as a systemic approach for making an accurate analysis of the effect of these natural risks on rail guided transport systems.The purpose of this thesis is to provide an analysis of guided transport systems’ resilience in the face of flood risks through a study of the failure mechanisms to which the components of these systems are subjected. Indeed, the urban critical infrastructures such as guided transport systems are complex systems in which the components are strongly interdependent. This interdependency may imply many failures caused by cascade effect within the system.Moreover, the qualitative methodology is linked to a probabilistic framework. Indeed, from the probability of a natural hazard occurring with a given intensity through components failures due to cascade effect, the objective is to assess the probability of degraded modes of operation. This probabilistic framework allows to shift from a qualitative approach based on dependability methods to a quantitative approach based on Bayesian networks

This thesis deals with actual state of public transport in the Sušice region and proposes provisions, which are leading to higher quality and efficiency. To attainment this proposal, methods of questioning passengers and evaluation of the data are used.Investigated will be also the problems of actual state. Those are primarily absence transfer lines, inappropriate offer of connections and low workload of some connections. This is often caused by absence of concurrently two or more which are going on the same way in short time distance. Proposed procurations going to be conceived as new time tables. These timetables will ensure traffic serviceability in the region, where going to be symbolize the most imported transfer links too. Efficiency of service going to be presented as new vehicles circulation

Face aux défis actuels posés par la pollution atmosphérique et la congestion des axes routiers urbains et périurbains et à l’étalement urbain, les pôles d'échanges multimodaux (PEM) sont conçus et mis en œuvre comme des outils de développement de mobilités durables, susceptibles de favoriser l’utilisation de modes de transport complémentaires (marche à pied, vélo, autobus urbains, tramways, métros…).Leur présence de plus en plus affirmée le long des axes de transports collectifs en site propre (TCSP) démontre leur adaptabilité aux différents contextes institutionnels, territoriaux et réticulaires. Leur but est de limiter le trafic automobile entrant dans les villes, et de susciter un report modal suffisant vers les transports collectifs. Cela donne lieu à des études très poussées en matière d’estimation des flux et d’insertion urbaine. Car les PEM entretiennent des relations avec les quartiers où ils sont implantés.Mais cette profusion des PEM, que l'on observe depuis une trentaine d'années - avec une accélération au début des années 2000 - cache en réalité des réalités bien différentes, tout comme les appellations que les AOTU leur donnent. En dépit de tentatives de normalisation, faites par les pouvoirs publics, nous constatons que le fonctionnement des PEM et leur configuration physique répondent avant tout aux nécessités locales et aux compromis entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans la construction et l’exploitation de ce type d’équipements.Notre thèse se propose donc de dresser un état des lieux de la recherche en matière de PEM et d'intermodalité, en ayant recours à de nombreux outils et méthodes (relevés et enquêtes de terrain, entretiens avec des professionnels acteurs du secteur des transports publics, démarche modélisatrice et d’inventaire des services proposés) pour déterminer si le PEM est bien un élément majeur des politiques de transport public et s'il contribue pleinement, en son sein, à l'interfaçage d'échelles de transports complémentaires. / Confront the challenges posed by air pollution and congestion on urban and suburban roads and urban sprawl, the multimodal hubs are designed and implemented as a sustainable mobility development tools, which may promote the use of complementary modes of transport (walking, cycling, transit buses, trams, subways ...).Their presence increasingly assertive along public transport axes own site demonstrates their adaptability to different institutional contexts, territorial and reticular. Their goal is to limit car traffic entering the cities, and generate sufficient modal shift towards public transport. This gives rise to very extensive studies in estimating flow and urban integration. Indeed, multimodal hubs have relations with the neighborhoods where they are located.But this profusion of multimodal hubs, which is observed over the past thirty years - with an acceleration in the early 2000’s - actually hides realities very different, as are the names that give them local transport authorities. Despite standardization attempts made by the government, we find that the operation of multimodal hubs and their physical configuration leads to meet local needs and compromise between the different actors involved in the construction and operation of this type of equipment.Our thesis therefore proposes to draw up an inventory of research for multimodal hubs and intermodality, by using many tools and methods (surveys and field surveys, interviews with professionals involved in public transport sector, model-process and inventory of available services) to determine whether the multimodal hub is a major element of public transport policies and if it contributes, within it, interfacing complementary scales transport.

This dissertation investigates the manifestation of a public bathhouse within a South African urban context. The proposal provides ablution and infrastructure to a public transport interchange precinct within Tshwane, Marabastad. The architectural exploration aims to enrich the ritual of cleansing by introducing the act of bathing to the public urban environment. Challenges associated with the typology is addressed through integration with surroundings, ensuring the potential of social life centred around a fundamental human act. The goal therefore lies in a celebration of ritual as derived from context, not the imposition of an ancient typology, or an irrelevant programme. The relevance to South African architecture is found in the investigation as a template for similar projects attempted in areas of similar context. A bathhouse is defined as an asset infiltrating, and proving for, its existing context. Copyright / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

Masters thesis creates project of public transport in Česká Třebová. Confronts the current situation in the city with its needs and taking account of the planned solution to the traffic situation creates new and better project.