This diploma thesis focuses on accessibility and serviceability second homes in the inner periphery, respectively, in the model region "Hranice krajů-Středozápad" as well as analysis and assessment of the second homes with the possibility of a future transformation to permanent housing. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of the second homes, transport accessibility and public transport not only in the Czech Republic. Analyzes commuting to recreation in various fields and further acquainted with the problems of peripheral areas. The empirical part is based on the data obtained from the analysis of public transport, statistical yearbooks and survey, which took place in the model region "Hranice krajů- Středozápad". The area is monitored to determine what kinds of vehicles are used by second homes owners for leisure travel and the transport infrastructure facilities. Also is detecting the demand for public transport and its offer for owners of second homes. In this paper, public transport is studied in the long-term viewpoint since the mid-70th the 20th century and the observation are directed to the needs of second homes users on Friday, Sunday and "recreational" link. Next part of this work is to analyze second homes objects and their owners in the model area using the...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:10:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Bagnaschi.pdf: 2003266 bytes, checksum: 85e68836844418bceb44e165d5e4d515 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-16 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / In Brazil, most of the population lives in cities and urban centers and large part of Brazil urbanization took place quickly and without planning. The accelerated rural-urban migration contributed even more for cities acquire the image of urban populous and disorganized. The result of this training process is also reflected in the organization of various public services essential for the development of cities, among which stands out the public transportation. The problems regarding this service have generated large waste as the waiting time, travel costs, pollution, accidents and others, which tend to deteriorate, negatively impacting both the productivity of urban space and the quality of life. Aiming at a rapid reorganization of public transportation, the search for alternatives is growing more efficient and tailored to local economic realities and possibilities, aimed not only meet current needs but also future. To achieve its objectives, this paper draws on research literature and documents to justify the foundations of city planning and urban growth thereof, describing the whole process of development and also about addressing the reality of public transport in Manaus and the need to implement a new system, using a model decision. Therefore, this research aims to present the applicability of multicriteria methods through comparative analysis between public transports systems as an aid to the decision maker in choosing the alternative considered most satisfactory. It also aims to identify the main public transport systems adopted in Brazil, in addition to analyzing the current situation of public transport in the city of Manaus. It is further objective of this research relate to decision making and on multicriteria methods, more specifically the method Promethée II, as a tool to aid in decision making about the new system of public transportation that should be adopted by Manaus. After application of the method Promethée II based on the criteria and weights set by the managing agency of public transport in the capital of Amazonas, the research indicated that the transport system is the most satisfactory alternative to meet the needs of Manaus and respond to issues raised in this paper / No Brasil, a maior parte da população vive nas cidades e nos centros urbanos e em grande parte do território brasileiro a urbanização deu-se de forma rápida e sem planejamento. O acelerado fluxo migratório campo-cidade contribuiu ainda mais para que as cidades adquirissem a imagem de aglomerados urbanos populosos e desorganizados. O resultado desse processo de formação reflete-se também na organização de diversos serviços públicos essenciais para o desenvolvimento das cidades, dentre os quais se destaca o transporte público coletivo. Os problemas referentes a esse serviço têm gerado grandes desperdícios quanto ao tempo de espera, custo de deslocamento, poluição, acidentes, dentre outros, que tendem a se agravar, impactando de forma negativa tanto na produtividade do espaço urbano quanto na qualidade de vida da população. Visando um rápido processo de reorganização do transporte público coletivo, cresce a busca por alternativas mais eficientes e adequadas às realidades econômicas e possibilidades locais, que venham suprir as necessidades não somente atuais como também futuras. Para atingir seus objetivos, este trabalho recorre à pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, para justificar os fundamentos do planejamento das cidades e o crescimento urbano das mesmas, descrevendo todo o processo de desenvolvimento e também abordando sobre a realidade do transporte coletivo em Manaus e a necessidade de implantação de um novo sistema, através de um modelo de tomada de decisão. Portanto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo apresentar a aplicabilidade de métodos multicriteriais por meio da análise comparativa entre os sistemas de transporte coletivo como auxílio ao tomador de decisão na escolha da alternativa considerada mais satisfatória. Objetiva também identificar os principais sistemas de transporte coletivo adotados no Brasil, além de analisar a atual situação do transporte público da cidade de Manaus. É objetivo dessa pesquisa ainda versar sobre a tomada de decisão e sobre os métodos multicriteriais, mais especificamente o método Promethée II, como ferramenta de auxílio na tomada de decisão sobre o novo sistema de transporte público coletivo que deve ser adotado por Manaus. Após a aplicação do método Promethée II com base nos critérios e pesos definidos pelo órgão gestor do transporte coletivo da capital amazonense, a pesquisa indicou o sistema de transporte que representa a alternativa mais satisfatória para suprir as necessidades de Manaus e responder à problemática levantada neste trabalho

Cette thèse de doctorat est consacrée aux politiques de transport public gratuit, à travers des données empiriques tirées d'une analyse géographique globale de la FFPT et de programmes particuliers de FFPT à Tallinn (Estonie), Aubagne (France) et Chengdu (Chine). Le travail empirique et les réflexions qui y sont menées résultent d’un intérêt pour les « alternatives » urbaines et d’une réflexion sur la façon dont les celles-ci pourraient être identifiées et étudiées dans le domaine de transports urbains. Reconnaissant la domination des perspectives dites « néoclassiques » et « durables » sur le transport urbain, la thèse propose de remettre en cause cette domination en intégrant une dimension explicitement urbaine dans l'analyse des politiques des transports. L'objectif principal de la recherche est donc de renforcer le lien entre les traditions critiques de la théorie urbaine et la géographie des transports en analysant et en démontrant comment les politiques des transports sont également des politiques urbaines. Elle développe ainsi un cadre inspiré du concept de « droit à la ville » d’Henri Lefebvre. Cela permet d'étudier comment les politiques de transports sont étayées par des questions de gouvernance, de coalitions et de régimes urbains ;quels intérêts et acteurs elle représentent ;comment elles sont au centre de l’entre-preneurialisme urbain ainsi que des résistances aux logiques entrepreneuriales ;quel rôle elle jouent dans la compétitivité territoriale ;comment elle peuvent être explorées à travers des questions liées à la participation des travailleurs et des citoyens, en soulignant le rôle de ses travailleurs et utilisateurs. Dans ce sens, le « droit à la ville » est proposé comme une grille d’analyse critique à travers laquelle la réalité des transports urbains peut être vue, analysée et, de manière volontairement normative, modifiée. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

<p>Operators of public transport always try to make their service as attractive as possible, to as many persons as possible and in a so cost effective way as possible. One way to make the service more attractive, especially to elderly and disabled, is to offer door-to-door transportation. The cost for the local authorities to provide this service is very high and increases every year.</p><p>To better serve the needs of the population and to reduce the cost for transportation of elderly and disabled, public transportation systems are evolving towards more flexible solutions. One such flexible solution is a demand responsive service integrated with a fixed route service, together giving a form of flexible public transport system. The demand responsive service can in such a system be used to carry passengers from their origin to a transfer location to the fixed route network, and/or from the fixed route network to their destination.</p><p>This thesis concerns the development of a framework for evaluation and design of such an integrated public transport service. The framework includes a geographic information system, optimization tools and simulation tools. This framework describes how these tools can be used in combination to aid the operators in the planning process of an integrated service. The thesis also presents simulations made in order to find guidelines of how an integrated service should be designed. The guidelines are intended to help operators of public transport to implement integrated services and are found by evaluating the effects on availability, travel time, cost and other service indicators for variations in the design and structure of the service.</p><p>In a planning system for an integrated public transport service, individual journeys must in some way be scheduled. For this reason the thesis also presents an exact optimization model of how journeys should be scheduled in this kind of service.</p> / Report code: LiU-TEK-LIC- 2006:38

The city as a focal point of both domestic and international security policy is characteristic of the 21st century security landscape in Europe. Amidst the 'War on Terror' and the pan-European battle against organised crime, the city is the location where global processes are actually taking place. Urban security is the local policy response both to such global threats as terrorism and local ones, such as violent crime. Public transport systems in particular came under threat after the terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001, Madrid in 2004, and London in 2005. This doctoral thesis studies security policy in three public transport systems – Berlin, Stockholm, and Warsaw – from a comparative perspective focusing on the conditions that made new and very specific understandings of security possible. The study argues that urban transport security has undergone radical changes during the last ten years. While transport authorities and the police used to conceive security as related solely to crime rates, today the focus of security practices consists of passengers' perceptions. The study shows how this shift is paralleled by a new discourse of 'security as emotion', and how it came into being. It concentrates specifically on the central role that surveillance and private policing assumes as the security policy shifts objectives to the inner life of the passengers. Today, complex governance networks of both public and private actors manage security in the three cities. The analysis shows how passengers are constructed in the urban security policy as children, consumers, and citizens. These different 'roles' constitute the passenger in the eye of urban security governance characterised by technocracy, 'friendly security', and individual responsibility. The introduction of new governance models for public administration, the legacy of European communist regimes, and rising fear of crime are central conditions for this new, sensitised urban transport security.

Service guarantees have been argued to have many roles in managing services, for instance signal service quality, attract new customers, increase satisfaction and retention, and to differentiate the company from its competitors. Despite a growing interest from service organizations, research on service guarantees has been surprisingly scarce. The aim of this dissertation is to provide a wider understanding of the roles of service guarantees. Data is gathered from actual customers (as opposed to fictitious participants of an experiment) and/or employees regarding service guarantees in three different service contexts. The methods used to gather and analyze the data were manifold and includes personal interviews, Mystery Shopping observations, focus group interviews and a postal survey. The results represent new knowledge when it comes to the roles of service guarantees in managing services. Previous research has almost exclusively addressed pre-purchase effects of the service guarantee, but has failed to address the impact of the service guarantee after it has been used. Therefore, the most important contribution to service research of this dissertation concern the understanding of service guarantees “in action” and the post-use effects of a service guarantee in real service settings. Another contribution is the identification of the recovery paradox; that the customer is more satisfied with the service after he or she has used the service guarantee, than before he or she experienced the original service failure. This result strongly suggests that the use of a service guarantee can make a fruitful contribution in the managing of services.

In Turkey, the only city that currently operates BRT is Istanbul. There are researches that focus on different BRT systems in the world, yet there has not been a comprehensive, systematic and comparative evaluation of the BRT experience in Istanbul. There seems to be an urgent need to study this BRT investment, with a particular focus on planning, operation and ridership characteristics with a comparative approach. This thesis analyses the BRT corridor in Istanbul and answers the question whether Metrob&uuml / s in Istanbul is a success or not. In order to understand the criteria for defining success, planning, operation and ridership characteristics are identified based on the previous literature and particularly the analysis of three best practice cases that currently operate BRT / these are Curitiba, Bogota and Mexico City. The study sets the criteria in planning, operation and ridership of BRT systems drawn by previous studies and answers by people who were involved in these projects. It compares the best practice cases and the Istanbul Metrob&uuml / s / focusing on planning and operation characteristics and using primary indicators of performance and ridership. The study reveals strength and weaknesses of the Istanbul Metrob&uuml / s in comparison to best practice BRT cases in the world. The findings provide lessons both for the future extensions of the BRT in Istanbul and for other cities that may consider implementing this transit technology.

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Der Anlass der Arbeit ist die anhaltende Debatte um die Einführung des Ausschreibungswettbewerbs im Nahverkehr. Die Arbeit betrachtet schwerpunktmäßig die Gestaltung von Ausschreibungen im öffentlichen Straßenpersonennahverkehr, der in Deutschland durch das Personenbeförderungsgesetz (PBefG) geregelt wird. Gerade die Debatte um den Ausschreibungswettbewerb in diesem Bereich ist durch Kompetenzstreitigkeiten zwischen den Verkehrsunternehmen und den öffentlichen Aufgabenträgern bzw. ihren Vergabeinstitutionen gekennzeichnet. Beide Seiten beanspruchen dabei Verantwortlichkeiten auf der taktischen Ebene der Leistungserstellung, beispielsweise die Liniennetzplanung, die Fahrplangestaltung, das Fahrzeugkonzept und das Marketing. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, herauszufinden, ob es aus ökonomischer Sicht besser ist, diese o. g. Entscheidungskompetenzen den Verkehrsunternehmen oder den Vergabeinstitutionen der Aufgabenträger zuzuordnen. Nach einer Bestandsaufnahme der bereits bestehenden ordnungspolitischen Vorschläge und der gegenwärtigen Zuständigkeiten, wird, ausgehend von der Vertrags- und Auktionstheorie, die Frage erörtert, ob sich unternehmerische Gestaltungsspielräume auf der taktischen Ebene in eine Leistungsbeschreibung integrieren lassen. In einem zweiten Schritt wird die Gestaltung der Beziehungen zwischen Aufgabenträger, seiner Vergabeorganisation und dem Verkehrsunternehmen während der Vertragslaufzeit betrachtet. Die Theorie der unvollständigen Verträge wird dabei auf das Problem der ÖPNV-Verträge angewandt, um aufzuzeigen, ob ein Mehr an unternehmerischer Freiheit bei der Gestaltung des Verkehrsangebots aus der Sicht der Aufgabenträger eher mit Chancen oder mit Risiken behaftet ist. Chancen können sich insbesondere dadurch ergeben, dass das Unternehmen während der Laufzeit des Vertrages neue Möglichkeiten entdeckt, wie sich die Qualität der Leistung verbessern lässt. Risiken ergeben sich dadurch, dass das Unternehmen nach Abschluss des Verkehrsvertrages seine Gestaltungsspielräume ausnutzt, um die Kosten zu Lasten der bestehenden Dienstleistungsqualität zu senken. Im Rahmen von Fallstudien aus Australien, Schweden und den Niederlanden wird das im Rahmen der Betrachtungen zur Theorie unvollständiger Verträge erörterte Spannungsverhältnis aus Kostensenkung, Qualitätsverbesserung bzw. –verschlechterung untersucht. Die Fallstudien zeigen, dass Unternehmen, wenn sie Freiheiten bei der Angebotsgestaltung erhalten, ihre Anstrengungen vor allem auf kostensenkende Aktivitäten fokussieren, die auch zu Lasten der Qualität gehen können. Es wird deutlich, dass vor allem im Hinblick auf die Gewährleistung eines integrierten Angebots und die Sicherstellung von Investitionen allgemeinverbindliche Standards und ein intensives Monitoring durch die Aufgabenträger unerlässlich sind.

Bus and other road-bound services like tram and light railway are the backbone of the German local public transport sector. Based on the characterization of high deficits and fragmentation, five main research questions and hypotheses are investigated in this dissertation. First, advanced Stochastic Frontier models which account for unobserved heterogeneity and heterogeneous output variables are used to study cost efficiency and its determinants such as the vehicle utilization rate. Second, economies of scale and scope are evaluated. Third, based on the finding of substantial economies of scale, potential gains from hypothetical mergers are calculated using Data Envelopment Analysis. Fourth, I focus on competitive tendering, another option to increase efficiency in this sector. Analyzing operator changes, I find in majority regional bus services tendered out and structural conditions significantly increasing the probability for operator changes, like tendering in bigger volumes. Fifth, internal and external cost advantages for express coach services as a diversification option for public transport are confirmed. In conclusion, the results of my research are relevant to the strategic decision process of firm management as well as regulators.