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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
421

Ética para além da moral: os apelos para o reconhecimento na escola / Ethics beyond the moral: the appeals to recognition in the school

Denanci Lopes Flor 23 May 2011 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem como proposta problematizar os atos de transgressões operados no cotidiano escolar sob os preceitos da ética e dos valores morais. Na interseção entre filosofia, psicanálise e educação tecemos nossa reflexão sobre o assunto, deflagrando alguns estudos pertinentes aos discursos conceituais, à questão da constituição dos sujeitos e das regras sociais, bem como de um fazer docente que questione os atos de transgressão no espaço da educação. Tal pesquisa se deve à inquietação provocada pelo contexto da sociedade hodierna, a qual, mergulhada numa grave crise de violência e de valores éticos, reavalia e revalida princípios e conceitos que, nitidamente, diante de uma conjuntura cada vez mais inclinada aos apelos do capital, vem deixando de nortear as relações sociais no decorrer dos anos. Neste contexto, o docente é cada vez mais convocado a desempenhar papéis que outrora pertenciam a outras categorias sociais, principalmente, com o avanço das escolas públicas de tempo integral. Aludimos assim a esta realidade, o desafio de engajar a ação educativa em demandas de eticidade. Aparar as arestas de um objeto de investigação tão amplo não é tarefa simples, portanto, consideraremos alguns recortes da constituição psíquica e social dos sujeitos. Analisando o lugar da ética na relação ensino/aprendizagem, no processo de formação escolar e no fazer docente, trabalhamos com o pressuposto de que a tensão sofrida cotidianamente pela criança e pelo adolescente, de um lado pelo tecido social, família, escola e Estado e do outro, pelo desejo de ser reconhecido nos grupos sociais, podem mesmo acirrar comportamentos inadequados e violentos na escola. Portanto, a postura adotada pelo educador frente aos conflitos internos e externos do aluno poderá, paradoxalmente, facilitar ou mesmo impedir uma dada má ação no seio da escola. Nossa finalidade é promover reflexões possíveis sobre as dimensões da ética nas relações manifestadas principalmente entre o docente e o aluno, acreditando que a existência de um espaço coletivo de discussão poderá contribuir para que ambos encontrem saídas próprias frente aos impasses que a questão ético/moral no âmbito educativo impõe. / The proposal of this work is to investigate among Philosophy, Psychoanalysis and Education, the problematic regarding moral and ethical transgression acts within school environment. This research is caused by the concern about the context of todays society. Which, immersed on a serious crisis regarding ethical values, reassesses and revalidates principle and concepts which, clearly, before this situation, has stopped guiding human conduct on the last years. Trimming the edges of such huge investigation object is not a simple task, therefore, we will consider only some clippings on the psychic panorama of todays society, outlining the occurred metamorphosis and the ethical impact they have caused. Our theoretical proposal is to analyze the importance and necessity of ethics on the teaching / learning relation, on the school formation process, on the teacher doing, as well, allude the challenge of engaging the educative action on ethical patterns, in a conjuncture of traditionally instituted inequality, where the teacher is called to play a role which once belonged to other categories. We work on the hypothesis that the daily suffered tension by the children and teenagers, on one side from the social tissue, family, school and state and on other side, from their desire to be recognized in social groups, including the school, stimulate inadequate behaviors. Therefore, the posture adopted by the educator, in the face of internal and external conflicts of the student may paradoxically facilitate or prevent a specific bad action within the school. Our goal is to point out some specific barriers in order to promote possible reflections concerning the impasse related to this theme. We believe that the creation of a collective space of discussion may contribute to, both educator and student, each of them being responsible for his tasks, find appropriate solutions into the barriers that the ethical/moral question in the educational scope imposes.
422

Monstrinhos e monstros : o castigo do corpo infantil na sociedade contemporânea

Machado, Elisabeth Mazeron January 2016 (has links)
Esta pesquisa analisa violência física contra crianças, nas suas diferentes manifestações rotineiras e em seu modo de reprodução da sociedade. A violência física é compreendida como uma prática cotidiana na qual adultos dispõem do corpo da criança, seja na “palmada educativa”, seja nas violências ou no abuso sexual. A violência se apresenta de múltiplas formas: de Estado, contra o Estado, simbólica, nas relações familiares e nos diversos processos de disciplinarização. Nesta última forma, é onde residem as violências sobre o corpo, que podem ser observadas em diferentes sociedades, diversos processos sociais e, podem até constituírem-se em ‘marcas’ de cada sociedade. É nesta perspectiva que esta tese se fundamenta, sobre a compreensão das formas de disciplina que incidem violentamente no corpo infantil. Os discursos sobre a violência contra crianças são a matéria-prima considerados como fonte de pesquisa para a realização desta tese. Para tal foram analisados: 1) A criança em toda a sua complexidade, seu lugar social, as representações construídas, os discursos produzidos sobre ela e sua história; 2) Os discursos da literatura, onde a violência contra a criança se apresentava; 3) O discurso da mídia, a violência contra a criança no jornal, especificamente, a campanha “O Amor É a Melhor Herança. Cuide das Crianças”, veiculada no jornal Zero Hora, de Porto Alegre/RS, nos anos de 2003-2004; 4) O discurso da Lei, com todo o debate legislativo que resultou na promulgação da Lei 13013/2014, a Lei Menino Bernardo ou Lei da Palmada; 5) O discurso da clínica, onde são apresentadas quatro histórias de crianças atendidas em psicoterapia, por ordem judicial, no Conselho Tutelar de uma cidade do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Compreendemos que discursos trazem em si práticas, neste caso, práticas que incidem sobre o corpo do infante. Sobre estes corpos, o discursoprática produz um efeito de subjetivação ou sujeição onde a posse e o domínio aparecem sob a égide da disciplina. Ao final desta tese, concluiu-se que a permanência do castigo corporal no processo educativo denota a privatização da família e a impossibilidade da formulação de políticas eficazes para conter estas práticas e por estas razões permanece no processo de socialização primária das crianças. / This research reviews physical violence against children, in its various routine expressions and in its reproduction mode in the society. Physical violence is understood as a routine practice where adults dispose of the child's body, whether in the "educative smack", or in violence or sexual abuse. Violence is presented in multiple forms: state violence, violence against the state, symbolic, in family relations and in several discipline processes. The latter is where there are violence on the body, which may be noted in different societies, in several social processes and may even represent "trademarks" of each society. This thesis is based on this perspective, on understanding the forms of discipline that violently affect the child's body. The speeches on violence against children are the raw material used as a research source to build this thesis. Therefore, the following items were analyzed. 1) The child in all his/her complexity, his/her social place, the representations built, the speeches produced on him/her and his/her history; 2) The literature speeches, where violence against children was presented; 3) The media speech, the violence against children in the news, specifically the campaign "Love Is The Best Heritage. Take Care of Children", conveyed in the Zero Hora newspaper, from Porto Alegre/RS, in the years 2003-2004; 4) The speech of the Law, with all the legislative debate that resulted in the Law 13,013/2014, the "Menino Bernardo" Law or Slap Law; 5) The speech of the clinic, where we present the story of four children assisted in psychotherapy by legal order, in the Guardianship Council of a city in the country side of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. We understand that speeches involve practices, in this case, ones that affect the infant's body. On this bodies, the speech-practice produces a subjetification or subjection effect, where possession and domination appear under the aegis of discipline. By the end of this thesis, the conclusion is that the permanence of corporal punishment in the education process shows the privatization of the family and the impossibility of formulating effective policies to restrain these practices and, due to these reasons, it remains in the process of primary socialization of children.
423

Livre-arbítrio e culpabilidade: a responsabilização penal em face das contribuições da neurociência / Free will and culpability: the criminal liability in light of the contributions of neuroscience

Thales Cavalcanti Coelho 19 October 2015 (has links)
O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar as implicações, na estrutura de imputação penal, das recentes pesquisas em neurociência voltadas a investigar os processos de formação da vontade no cérebro humano. Considerando-se que, dos resultados de experimentos acerca do funcionamento do sistema nervoso central, alguns pesquisadores têm interpretado que as condutas humanas são desencadeadas a partir de processos determinísticos, e não originadas da vontade livre do indivíduo, busca-se verificar de que maneira tais conclusões impactam a responsabilidade penal, notadamente no que diz respeito à culpabilidade, uma vez que sua concepção tradicional e consolidada está fundamentada fortemente na ideia de livre-arbítrio. Com esse escopo, valendo-se do método teórico-bibliográfico, o trabalho se desenvolve em três grandes etapas. Assim, primeiramente, visa-se compreender a relação entre culpabilidade e livre-arbítrio, inicialmente expondo-se de que maneira o primeiro conceito arrogou o segundo como pressuposto no decorrer de seu desenvolvimento epistemológico, para tornar possível, depois de realizada uma análise das razões da consolidação - e da posterior crise - de sua concepção normativa no pensamento penal, examinar quais são (e se são firmes e coerentes) as alternativas teóricas a esse conceito apresentadas pela doutrina contemporânea. Em seguida, volta-se ao estudo da relação entre livre-arbítrio e neurociências. Nessa etapa, investiga-se a natureza dos argumentos utilizados pelos penalistas tanto para sustentar, quanto para refutar a ancoragem da responsabilização penal no livre-arbítrio, examinando-se, ainda, eventuais fragilidades e inconsistências, além dos possíveis aportes que as pesquisas em neurociência podem lhes proporcionar. Tudo isso, com o intuito de se verificar se o advento da neurociência representa uma mudança de paradigma na polêmica em torno da liberdade de vontade. Na fase final do trabalho, o estudo é orientado a traçar um esboço do futuro da responsabilização penal em face dos aportes da neurociência, analisando-se se representam (ou não) o fim da culpabilidade na estrutura de imputação e, além disso, qual o modelo de punição mais adequado tendo-se como parâmetro as finalidades da pena aos postulados neurocientíficos. / The goal of this study is to analyze the implications on criminal liability of the recent researches in the field of neuroscience that relates to will-formation in human brains. Taking into account that some researchers have interpreted, based on experiments about the functioning of the central nervous system, that human behavior become from deterministic processes, instead of the free will of the person, we aim to verify in what ways those conclusions affects the criminal liability. The focus of the review is on criminal culpability, whose traditional concept is based on the idea of free will. With three major portions, the thesis is developed by the bibliographic method. At first, the target is to understand the relationship between criminal culpability and free will and how that one is grounded on this one. Then, after the analysis of the reasons of the consolidation, and subsequent crisis, of the normative concept of culpability among the criminal authors, the purpose is to assay the theoretic alternatives to this notion that are provide by the contemporary doctrine. After that, the work follows with the study of the relationship between free will and neuroscience. At this stage, we investigate the nature of the arguments used by criminalists both to support and to refute the anchor of the criminal liability in free will. We also examine possible weaknesses and inconsistencies, as well as likely contributions that research in neuroscience can provide them. All this in order to verify if the advent of neuroscience represents a paradigm shift in the controversy surrounding free will. In the final phase of the work, there is the attempt to draw a sketch of the future of criminal responsibility in light of the contributions of neuroscience. Thus, we analyze whether these represent (or not) the end of culpability in the structure of criminal liability and what is the most appropriate punishment model to neuroscientific postulates, taking as parameter the purposes of the penalty.
424

A relação entre lei, delitos e pena em Hegel / The relation between laws, crimes and punishment in Hegel

Berti, Márcio Guedes 14 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-17T20:35:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio_G_Berti_2017.pdf: 1049229 bytes, checksum: 17c95736d501d579af533c90382ad8f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T20:35:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio_G_Berti_2017.pdf: 1049229 bytes, checksum: 17c95736d501d579af533c90382ad8f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-14 / The line of work followed in this dissertation approached the Hegelian concept of the theory of the punishment, from the point of view of Hegel’s Elements of the Philosophy of Right (EPR, 2010). To specifically deal with the aforementioned subject, tackling other concepts brought up by Hegel in EPR was deemed necessary, chiefly the notion of will and the unjust, being this the necessary course for the understanding of the Hegelian proposal of the theory of punishment. It was also intended to bring the concept of the Hegelian theory of punishment to the present day, establishing a dialogue between the theory of punishment proposed by Hegel and the contemporary Criminal Law. This paper approached the structure of the Hegelian Philosophy of Right, after which it dealt with the concept of will and its significance, the concept of person and the objective specificities of will. Subsequently, the unjust was analysed in its various modes, namely: good faith leading to injustice, fraud, violence and crime, and emergency law, to, then, analyse the theory of punishment, a point in which the paper tackles the purpose of punishment from the perspective of punishment as retribution (negation of the negation), of punishment as liberation of the individual, culminating in an analysis of the Hegelian theory of punishment and contemporary Criminal Law. The paper also brings back the ideas of intent (knowledge of wrongdoing) and guilt in the Hegelian morality with the aim understanding how laws are formed and how they become effective in society; what they are and what their purpose is. / O trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação abordou o conceito hegeliano da teoria da pena, a partir da obra Filosofia do Direito (FD, 2010), sendo que para tratar especificamente de referido assunto, foi necessário analisar outros conceitos trazidos por Hegel em sua FD, sobretudo o conceito de vontade e o injusto, sendo um caminho necessário para a compreensão da proposta hegeliana no que se refere a teoria da pena. Pretendeu-se, também, trazer a concepção da teoria da pena hegeliana para os dias atuais, estabelecendo-se um diálogo entre a teoria da pena proposta por Hegel com o Direito Penal contemporâneo. O trabalho fez uma abordagem sobre a estrutura da filosofia do direito hegeliana, após o que tratou sobre o conceito de vontade e suas determinações, o conceito de pessoa e as determinações objetivas da vontade. Em seguida, analisou-se o injusto em suas diversas modalidades, quais sejam: a injustiça de boa-fé, a fraude, a violência e o delito e o direito de emergência, para somente após analisar a a teoria da pena, momento em que o trabalho abordou a finalidade da pena sob os aspectos da pena como retribuição (negação da negação), e da pena como libertação do individuo, finalizando com o estabelecimento de uma análise entre a teoria da pena hegeliana e o Direito Penal contemporâneo. O trabalho também retoma os conceitos de dolo e culpa presentes na moralidade hegeliana, tudo com a finalidade de compreender como as leis se formam e se efetivam na sociedade, o que são e qual a sua finalidade.
425

Chrysippus on fate, effective exhortation, and desert / Destino, exortações eficazes e punições justas em Crisipo

Paulo Fernando Tadeu Ferreira 23 February 2017 (has links)
Chrysippus faces two different objections as to whether Fate can acommodate praise, blame, honor or punishment: one, to the effect that if everything takes place by Fate, then praise and blame do not make a difference in the course of events, and therefore cannot effectively exhort one to virtue or dissuade one from vice; the other, to the effect that if everything takes place by Fate, then one is not the ultimate origin of one\'s actions, and therefore praise, blame, honor, or punishment for one\'s actions are not deserved. The first (preseved in Diogenianus\' testimony apud Eusebius\' Praeparatio Evangelica VI 8) is distinct from the Idle Argument in Origen (Contra Celsum II 20) and Cicero (De Fato 28-30) in that it pertains to the issue of moral responsibility, and derives instead from the digression in Book XXV of Epicurus\' treatise On Nature. The second (preserved in Cicero\'s De Fato 39-45 and Gellius\' Noctes Atticae VII 2) is not related to the issue of alternate possibilities, which belongs rather in a later appraisal of the original discussion, with which it is conflated in Cicero\'s testimony. Chrysippus\' reply to the latter, in that it is capable of establishing, beyond mere absence from external compulsion, that the perfect causes of our impulses are our assents and that our assents do not take place all by themselves, is capable of meeting conditions for desert of praise, blame, honor, or punishment qua therapeutic devices aimed at extirpating our passions, which is the sole notion of praise, blame, honor or punishment to have a claim on desert in the extant fragments of Chrysippus. / Crisipo responde a duas objeções sobre se o Destino pode acomodar louvores, reprimendas, honras ou punições: de acordo com a primeira, se tudo ocorre por Destino, louvores e reprimendas não fazem diferença no curso dos eventos e, por conseguinte, não podem exortar à virtude ou dissuadir do vício de modo efetivo; de acordo com a segunda, se tudo ocorre por Destino, ninguém é a origem última de suas ações e, por conseguinte, louvores, reprimendas, honras ou punições por suas ações não são merecidas. A primeira (preservada no testemunho de Diogeniano apud Eusébio, Praeparatio Evangelica VI 8) é distinta do Argumento Preguiçoso em Cícero (De Fato 28-30) e Orígenes (Contra Celsum II 20) por ser atinente à responsabilidade moral, e deriva da digressão no livro XXV do tratado de Epicuro Sobre a natureza. A segunda (preservada em Cicero, De Fato 39-45 e Gélio, Noctes Atticae VII 2) não tem relação com a questão das possibilidades alternativas, a qual pertence a uma apreciação posterior da discussão original com a qual vem mesclada no testemunho de Cícero. A resposta de Crisipo à segunda objeção, na medida em que é capaz de estabelecer, para além da mera ausência de força exterior, que as causas perfeitas de nossos impulsos são os nossos assentimentos e que os nossos assentimentos não ocorrem a despeito de nós, é capaz de cumprir os requisitos para o merecimento de louvores, reprimendas, honras ou punições enquanto instrumentos terapêuticos que visam à cura de nossas paixões, a qual é a única noção de louvores, reprimendas, honras ou punições que pode aspirar a merecimento nos fragmentos supérstites de Crisipo.
426

Doença  e cura no Pentateuco e nos livros históricos: uma leitura à luz do oriente médio antigo / Illness and healing in Pentateuch and in the historical books: a reading under the light of ancien middle east

Marcia Lima Zollner Paes de Figueiredo 03 September 2009 (has links)
Este trabalho fará um estudo comparativo do conceito de doença e a cura na Mesopotâmia e na Bíblia hebraica. Serão analisados o agente ou agentes da doença e da cura, o local do processo terapêutico e a aplicação ou não de materia medica. A doença é uma das maldições encontradas nos tratados do Oriente Médio Antigo e na Aliança na Bíblia Hebraica e é vista, por ambas as culturas, como uma das formas de punição divina. / This work will do comparative study of illness and healings concept in the Mesopotamia and in Israel. The illness and healings agent or agents, the local of therapeutic process and the application or not of materia medica will be analyzed in this research. Illness is one of the curses found in the Ancient Near Easts treaties and Hebrew Bibles Covenant and it is seen, for the both cultures, like divine punishment.
427

An analysis of the South African common law defence of moderate and reasonable child chastisement

Maqhosha, Noluthando January 2016 (has links)
The study sought to analyse the South African common law defence of moderate and reasonable child chastisement. Regarded by those with religious and cultural beliefs as a way of instilling child discipline, child chastisement has been a centre of contestation in recent years. Constitutionally, children have rights to care, dignity and protection. Thus, child chastisement infringes upon these rights. However, regardless of its intentions, child chastisement has an effect of inflicting pain onto its victims thereby infringing on their rights to human dignity, equality and protection. It can also lead to unintended consequences such as injury or death to its victims. Subjecting children to this cruel, inhuman and degrading action affects the development of children and sometimes haunts them at a later stage in life. In addition, child chastisement lacks the measure of determining whether it is moderate or severe, thereby making it prone to abuse or misuse. The study used a qualitative research paradigm, where data was collected from existing documents and analysed towards understanding child chastisement and finding sustainable ways of improving child welfare in the home or in society. The study also analysed the legal framework on child welfare and chastisement globally, regionally and locally. Instruments such as the UNCRC, ACRWC and the UDHR have a clear stance abolishing child chastisement. The study established that, despite the existence of global instruments promoting child care and protection, the common law defence of corporal punishment in the home and society remains a loophole that needs closing and enactment of laws that outlaws it completely.
428

Trest zákazu činnosti a jeho kontrola / Punishment of disqualification and its control

Váchová, Lucie January 2017 (has links)
This thesis focuses on the punishment of disqualification, as well as on its execution, control and related institutes. The main objective of the thesis defined in the Introduction is making a comprehensive summary of the issue with a focus on decision- making practice of the Czech courts. The text itself is divided into eleven chapters, some of which are divided into subchapters. In the Conclusion, the results of my thesis are summarized and evaluated. Besides that the thesis includes Content, Index of Abbreviations and Bibliography. The first chapter deals with general term of the punishment and it is divided into four parts. The first subchapter summarizes the concept of a punishment; the second one explains the nature of the punishment of disqualification. The third subchapter analyses the purpose of a punishment. The fourth subchapter focuses on the purpose of the punishment of disqualification. The second chapter explicates the status of the punishment of disqualification in the Czech penal system of penalties. The third chapter covers the topic of alternative punishments and it is divided into three subchapters. The first subchapter describes the concept of alternative punishments in its general sense, the second one summarizes their causes and the third subchapter shows disqualification as...
429

Alternativy nepodmíněného trestu odnětí svobody / Alternatives to unconditional imprisonment

Knotková, Jana January 2015 (has links)
The thesis is devoted to the issues of alternative punishments, this means punishments replacing unconditional sentence of imprisonment in the Czech Republic. It is divided into two parts, the introduction and the conclusion. The first part discusses the theoretical concept of punishment; the basic theories of punishment are mentioned briefly. It deals especially with the functions of punishment, as defined by the famous Czech penologist Oto Novotny in his monograph About Punishment and Prison system. Novotny identifies 8 basic functions of punishment, which cannot be strictly separated in his interpretation and that form mutually linked complex, which leads to the only target - protecting society from crime. The second part, which can be considered centre of gravity of this thesis, describes the regulation of alternative punishments in the Czech legal order. The explanation is selectively focused on the conditional sentence of imprisonment, also on the conditional sentence of imprisonment with supervision, community service order, fine punishment, house arrest and a ban on attending sports, cultural and other social events. Equally important is the discussion of the Probation and Mediation Service, its anchorage in the Czech legal order and the rights and obligations of the Probation and Mediation...
430

Trest smrti / Death sentence

Hodrmentová, Michaela January 2017 (has links)
This thesis deals with one of the instruments of criminal law, specifically with the death penalty. The death penalty is already for many years a controversial topic and discussed it around the world. Even if this penalty many states have several years or decades canceled or not applied it, greatly debating whether they should be re-imposed. After an introductory explanation of why I chose the death penalty as a topic of my thesis, followed by a treatise about punishment, its kinds, purpose together with theories that look at this, and more specifically about what exactly is meant by the term death penalty and how the purpose of already listed, relates specifically to it. In the next part of my work we find general historical development of this institute, development of capital punishment in the Czech Republic and international documents concerning human rights and also my theme. In the context of the general historical development we look at how the death penalty looked like in antiquity, the Middle Ages, the period of absolutism gradually until we get to the present. Within Czech countries will focus on the developments till 1918, during the first republic, the Protectorate period, the postwar development and the development until 1990, when the death penalty was abolished in our country....

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