Bakgrund: Behandling av bensår är en del av distriktssköterskans kompetensområde och vardag i hemsjukvården. Vetskapen om vikten av kompression och omläggningsmaterial är något som de flesta distriktssköterskor har kunskap om, däremot är det oklart gällande erfarenheter kring kostens betydelse för sårläkning.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av kostens betydelse i samband med bensårsbehandling.  Metod: Studien har utgått från en induktiv kvalitativ metod. Intervjuer genomfördes med 11 distriktssköterskor samt tre sjuksköterskor från åtta olika hemsjukvårdsområden. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys erhölls tre huvudkategorier; distriktssköterskans erfarenhet av kostens betydelse, samverkan ger goda förutsättningar och distriktssköterskans dialog med patienten om kost samt åtta underkategorier.  Resultat: Resultatet visar att distriktssköterskornas erfarenhet är att de har tillräckliga kunskaper om kostens betydelse i samband med bensår men att det finns behov av ytterligare kompetensutveckling. Erfarenheten är även att det är viktigt med ett gott samarbete med personal i hemtjänsten. Distriktssköterskornas erfarenhet är att det är betydelsefullt att samtala med patienterna kring deras kostvanor och dess betydelse för en optimal sårläkning. Det finns dock en avsaknad av rutiner för hur detta ska kunna genomföras på lämpligt sätt.  Slutsats: En gemensam fortbildning kring kost och bensår skulle kunna bidra till en ökad samsyn hos samtlig omvårdnadspersonal och genom att använda ett gemensamt kvalitetssäkrat bedömningsverktyg skulle arbetssättet kunna förtydligas.  Nyckelord: Kvalitativ innehållsanalys, personcentrerad vård, sårläkning / Background: The treatment of leg ulcers is a part of the district nurse´s area of expertise and everyday life in home care services. Knowledge of the importance of compression and conversion materials is something that most district nurses are familiar with, however it is unclear current experiences regarding the importance of diet for wound healing.  Aim: The purpose was to describe the district nurse´s experiences of the importance of diet in connection with leg ulcer treatment.  Method: The study has been based on an inductive qualitative method. Interviews were conducted with 11 district nurses and three nurses from eight different home health care areas. Through a qualitative content analysis, three main categories were obtained; the district nurse´s experience of the importance of diet, collaboration provides good conditions and the district nurse´s dialogue with the patient about diet and eight subcategories.  Result: The result show that the district nurses´ experience is that they have sufficient knowledge of the importance of diet in connection with leg ulcers but that there was a need for further skills development. The experience is also that it is important to have a good collaboration with staff in the home care service. The district nurses´ experience is that it is important to talk to the patients about their dietary habits and its importance for optimal wound healing. However, there was a lack of procedures for how this could be implemented appropriately.  Conclusion: A joint training on diet and leg ulcers could contribute to an increased consensus among all nursing staff and by using a common quality-assured material the working method could be clarified.  Keywords:  Qualitative content analysis, person-centered care, wound healing

Bakgrund: Tvångsåtgärder som fenomen visar sig i tidigare studier vara en företeelse som av både sjuksköterskor och patienter upplevs negativt, men som inte helt kan tas bort. Tidigare studier visar att vårdrelationen är det som utgör basen i vårdandet och kan vara en avgörande faktor genom hela förloppet att utföra tvångsåtgärder. Syfte: Att beskriva specialistsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av den vårdande relationens betydelse relaterat till tvångsåtgärder inom rättspsykiatrisk slutenvård. Metod: Data insamlades via åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer på ett rättspsykiatriskt sjukhus i Mellansverige. Samtliga deltagare hade specialistutbildning inom psykiatrisk vård. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats användes. Stöd av fenomenologisk hermeneutisk analysmetod togs i framskrivandet av temat. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas i fem kategorier: Att känna en annan människa, Att våga ha tillit till sina beslut, Att lära av varandra, Att finnas där, Att dra nytta av samarbetet. I kategorierna finns totalt elva tillhörande subkategorier. Kategorier och subkategorier bildade tillsammans temat Att bygga en bro för att korsa det hotande vattnet tillsammans. Slutsatser: Den vårdande relationens betydelse relaterat till tvångsåtgärder visar sig vara viktig för att förebygga tvångsåtgärder såväl som i utförandet och i efterförloppet. Den vårdande relationen är fundamental för att se hela människan och nå en förståelse för personen för att kunna tillgodose bästa möjliga vård.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskan inom den rättspsykiatriska vården ser sitt arbete som mångfacetterat. I tidigare forskning framkommer de förväntade kompetenserna hos sjuksköterskan inom rättspsykiatri och även kompetensbeskrivningen beskriver vilka kompetenser sjuksköterskan förväntas besitta. Syfte: Syftet är att utifrån ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv beskriva användandet av sjuksköterskans kompetens inom rättspsykiatrisk slutenvård. Metod: Datainsamlingen skedde genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio sjuksköterskor på en rättspsykiatrisk klinik i Mellansverige. Analysen har genomförts med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och har induktiv ansats. Resultat: I resultatet framkom sjuksköterskans användning av sin kompetens och hur verksamheten tar tillvara på denna kompetens. Det resulterade i fyra kategorier: Att ha ett helhetsperspektiv, att ha kunskaper som inte efterfrågas, att behöva driva sin egen utveckling samt att ha behov av varandra för gemensam utveckling. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskan får till viss del använda sin kompetens, men för att sjuksköterskan ska uppleva att dennes kompetens används och tas tillvara i högre grad är det av vikt att låta sjuksköterskans omvårdnadskompetens ta större plats. / Background: Nurses in forensic psychiatric care see their work as multifaceted. In previous research, the expected competencies of the nurse in forensic psychiatry emerge, and the competency description also describes which competencies the nurse is expected to possess.Aim: The aim is to describe the use of the nurse's competence in forensic psychiatric inpatient care from a nurse's perspective. Method: Data collection took place through semi- structured interviews with nine nurses at a forensic psychiatric clinic in central Sweden. The analysis has been carried out with a qualitative content analysis and has an inductive approach. Results: The result showed the nurse's use of the competence and how the workplace makes use of this competence. It resulted in four categories: To have a holistic perspective, to have knowledge that is not requested, a need to drive their own progress and having a need for each other to improve. Conclusion: The nurse may, to a certain extent, use her competence. But in order for the nurse to feel that his or her competence is used and utilized to a greater degree, it is important to allow the nurse's nursing competence to take greater place.

This paper studies how the new phenomenon of being woke is framed in cultural journalistic articles inswedish newspaper media from January 2017 to May 2021 (present day). Although the subject ofwokeness is rarely explored in academic articles, this study provides a basic knowledge about how thephenomenon is talked about in the Swedish context. With a qualitative content analysis connected totheories of framing, agenda-setting and cultural journalism, it provides new knowledge in the field.Results show how the use of the word and, in that respect, the agenda setting of the word started in 2019and increased during 2020. Also, the results in 2021 could indicate further increase during the rest ofthe present year. Mostly, cultural articles mentioning woke held a neutral approach, although therelatively high number of negatively approached articles could also be connected to frames of woke asleft political spheres, censur, identity politics, radicality and as destroyers of good quality art. Positiveframing of woke often tends to use the term as “something you should be” and the neutral frames oftenmention woke with an acceptance by mentioning it in passing or with a describing frame.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor upplever det som problematiskt att vårda personer med beroendesjukdom. Sjuksköterskor beskriver svårigheter att leva upp till sin professionella yrkesroll. Brist på förståelse och kunskap hos sjuksköterskorna bidrog till frustration och osäkerhet samt framkallade negativa attityder. Sjuksköterskor har i tidigare studier upplevt patienter med beroendesjukdom som manipulativa och med avsaknad vilja att ta eget ansvar. Tidigare studier tyder på att personer med beroendesjukdom har blivit bemötta på ett fördomsfullt sätt samt att sjuksköterskor hade låg motivation till att vårda dessa patienter. Syfte: Syftet med intervjustudien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda personer med beroendesjukdom. Metod: Tio sjuksköterskor inom öppen- och slutenvården intervjuades med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades ordagrant. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes vid analysering av materialet. Resultat: I analysen av sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda personer med beroendesjukdom framkom tre kategorier och åtta subkategorier som handlade om sjuksköterskans yrkesroll, relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient samt att möta brister. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplevde arbetet som utmanande och att personer med beroendesjukdom var komplicerade och svåra att vårda. Viktigt i mötet var gränssättning och tydliga ramar. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev att starka känslor väcktes. Bemötandet var av stor betydelse för en god relation mellan patient och sjuksköterska. Fördomar gentemot personer med beroendesjukdom upplevdes av samtliga sjuksköterskor. Det fanns en önskan hos sjuksköterskorna att bidra till att dessa fördomar mot patientgruppen minskade. / Background: Nurses found it problematic to care for people with substance use disorder (s.u.d.). A lack of understanding and knowledge among nurses has contributed to frustration and uncertainty as well as induced negative attitudes. Nurses described difficulties in living up to their professional and occupational role. Previous research has shown that patients with s.u.d. were perceived as manipulative and unwilling to take their own responsibility. Previous studies indicate that people with s.u.d. have been treated in a prejudicial manner and that nurses had low motivation to care for these patients. Objective: The purpose of the interview study was to describe nurses' experiences of caring for people with s.u.d. Method: Ten nurses in open and closed wards were interviewed with semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed word for word. A qualitative content analysis was used in analyzing the material. Results: In the analysis from the nurses' experience of caring for people with s.u.d. three categories and eight subcategories emerged, the nurse's professional role, the relationship between the nurse and the patient and how to overcome obstacles with shortcomings. Conclusion: Nurses perceived their work as challenging and that people with s.u.d. were complicated and difficult to care for. Important in the meeting were boundaries and clear frameworks. The nurses described that strong feelings were aroused. The response was of great importance for a good relationship between the patient and the nurse. Prejudice towards people with addictive illness was experienced by all nurses. There was a desire on the part of the nurses to help reduce these prejudices against the patient group. / <p>Godkännandedatum: 2020-01-15</p>

This study investigates Swedish aid and its focus on democracy and human rights. It analyses the space given to these normative objectives in relation to pragmatic considerations like strategic interests and institutional incentives. It does so by reviewing official documents and interviewing aid actors at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) and at the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), to outline what objectives and incentives are guiding in Swedish aid. It also analyses how these factors affect critical decisions on whether aid should be suspended or not, to see how much normative objectives matter in such contexts. By doing so, this study contributes to the literature on democracy aid and aid suspension, as well as to research on Sweden as a donor country. Previous research has shown that normative considerations are often subordinated to strategic interests in foreign aid because of the complexity of many conflicting interests. In addition, decisions guided by strategic interests often include institutional incentives as well. This study finds that the policy frameworks for Swedish aid are integrated in the work of MFA and Sida. Both normative and pragmatic considerations, mainly institutional incentives, are referred to both in the documents and by the aid actors. In contrast to much other literature however, normative principles seem to dominate in Swedish aid. There is great emphasis on the importance of poverty reduction and promotion of democracy and human rights, even though the whole picture with donor interests also has to be taken into account.

Background: Lack of trained staff is the most important issue during the pandemics. In addition, nurses need adequate training sessions to act efficiently. Literature show that nurses in various parts of the world were not prepared for Covid-19 pandemic even those who had experienced other pandemics before. Pandemic management strategies like continuous training and education for health care staff can be a success factor. Nurses also need soft skills like interpersonal skills, stress management and problem solving to care for patients in an emergency like pandemic. All health care staff need to receive latest information about the new disease, and they need to have enough knowledge bout infectious diseases, personal protective equipment and infection control. Considering previous research, it is crucial to recognize knowledge and skills needed for care in a pandemic situation especially based on the perceptions of nurses who have experience of working in a pandemic. Aim: This study aimed to identify knowledge and skills that nurses with experience of working with hospitalized Covid-19 patients in Sweden perceive as crucial to be prepared for a pandemic. Method: Individual in-depth interviews were used to collect data from 7 nurses who had the experience of working with hospitalized covid-19 patients and qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the data. Result: Data analysis led to three categories that revealed manifest content of data which represents nursing knowledge and skills that were perceived crucial by nurses with experience of working with covid-19 patients: (1) Knowledge and skills empowering nurses to lower the pressure on themselves, (2) Knowledge and skills empowering nurses to support others, and (3) Knowledge and skills needed for a safe nursing care Conclusion: Considering the huge effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the health care system and the possibility of pandemics in the future because of climate change, it is crucial to increase the preparedness for these emergencies. This preparedness can be achieved by continuous training and education about pandemics, infectious diseases, and the crucial knowledge and skills needed in confronting them.

The elderly care sector is facing high demands in the context of demographic change. In regard to the high potential of efficiency increase, the area has been restructured particularly strongly based on principles of the New Public Management (NPM) since the 1970s. This thesis aims to investigate the influences of NPM on elderly care and the effects on care staff and people in need of care by means of a qualitative approach based on a qualitative content analysis. Through a holistic perspective, the role of social work as a profession and possible changes within the welfare state structures of Germany and Sweden is explored. The findings convey a rather negative experience of the impact of NPM and is characterized in both countries by a high degree of privatization, standardization and economization in care. Due to higher workloads and fewer resources, the pressure on staff in care is high. In addition, services for those in need of care are reduced and the quality of care suffers from the staff’s high workload. The objective of care is affected by the implementation of NPM and entails a change in the profession, which needs to be viewed critically based on the results.

Altmetrics is a new bibliometric subfield that uses data from online platforms and social and mainstream media to track attention to and impact of scholarly content. Qualitative research is needed to increase knowledge of altmetrics and of what they may indicate about scholarly publications’ impact and influence. Through analyzing the second-largest source of altmetric events, tweets to academic articles, this thesis extends our understanding of these metrics. Using content analysis and an adapted framework for categorizing acts by levels of engagement, I analyzed 1,200 tweets to four humanities articles, recording their engagement with the articles, sentiment, hashtag use, and @mentions. I also categorized 203 of the tweeting accounts. There is considerable inter-article variation among tweets to the four articles. Overall, however, the tweets evidence low engagement with the articles, the retweet percentage is high, and many of the tweets are traced to few accounts. Contradicting prior suggestions that tweets may be particularly suited to indicating public engagement with scholarly articles, a large proportion of the tweets appear to be from academics. Confirming findings of prior studies, the results indicate that academics use Twitter to filter scholarly literature. I conclude that a single altmetric score is too reductive and of negligible use without deeper qualitative analysis. Unlike some altmetrics indicators that may reveal impact, tweets to articles rather indicate attention, casting doubt on the claim that altmetrics as a whole measure impact. Despite these limitations, tweets to articles and altmetrics more broadly can provide meaningful information not conveyed by citations.

Bakgrund: Distriktssköterskan inom barnhälsovården ansvarar för att erbjuda alla barn att vaccineras enligt barnvaccinationsprogrammet. När ett nytt vaccin tillkommer i barnvaccinationsprogrammet är det distriktssköterskans uppgift att leda införandet och informera om evidens kring vaccinet till vårdnadshavare, så att de kan fatta beslut om vaccination till sitt barn.  Distriktssköterskan har vid tidigare införanden av vaccin i barnvaccinationsprogrammet upplevt svårigheter gällande bristande stöd och information avseende vaccinet från organisationen. Syfte: Beskriva distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av att införa vaccination mot rotavirus i barnvaccinationsprogrammet inom barnhälsovården. Metod: Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ metod och induktiv ansats. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer med 13 distriktssköterskor inom barnhälsovården i Mellansverige. Analysen genomfördes med kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Elo och Kyngäs. Resultat: I analysen framkom två kategorier och sex subkategorier. Kategorierna var, Förutsättningar vid förändring och Förhållningssätt hos vårdnadshavare. Distriktssköterskans erfarenhet är att det krävs förberedelser och stöd från organisationen för att skapa goda förutsättningar för implementering. Distriktssköterskan behöver kunna anpassa den information som ges till vårdnadshavare eftersom de har olika förhållningssätt till vaccin och kunskap. Slutsats: Möjlighet till förberedelse främjar god implementering. Förtroende för distriktssköterskan ökar chansen att vårdnadshavaren önskar vaccinera sitt barn. / Background: The district nurse in child health care is responsible for offering all children vaccines from the child vaccination program. When a new vaccine is added to the child vaccination program, the district nurse leads the implementation and communicate evidence to the guardian, so they can make decisions about vaccination for their child. In previous implementations of vaccines in the childhood vaccination program, the district nurse has experienced difficulties with insufficient support and information from the organization. Purpose: Describe the district nurse experience of introducing rotavirus vaccination into the child vaccination program in child health care. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative method and an inductive approach, with semi-structured interviews with 13 district nurses in child health care in Central Sweden. The analysis was performed with a qualitative content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs. Results: The study resulted in two categories Conditions for change and Approach of guardians and six subcategories. The district nurse experienced that preparation and support from the organization is required for good implementation. The guardian has different approaches and levels off knowledge regarding vaccines and the district nurse need to adapt the information. Conclusion: Opportunity for preparation promotes good implementation. The district nurse needs to be able to adapt the information given to the guardians because they have different approaches to vaccines and knowledge.